ARNOLD STERN pcol - Detalles

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Inhibit bacterial cell-wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, inhibiting crosslinking enzymes, and activating autolytic enzymes tha disrupt bacterial cell wall that is Streptococci, meningococci, pneumococci, gram-positive bacilli, gonococci, spirochetes

Penicillins

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding, to part of the 50S ribosomal , subunit

Macrolides

Inhibits synthesis of cell-wall, mucopeptides (peptidoglycans)

Vancomycin

Inhibits peptide bond formation by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit inhibiting peptidyl transferase

Chloramphenicol

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S subunit of ribosomes, which blocks formation of the initiation complex, causing misreading of the code on the mRNA template and disrupting polysomes

Aminoglycosides Systemic

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, which interferes with binding of aminoacyl tRNA

Tetracycline

Inhibit folic acid synthesis by competitive inhibition of dihydropteroate synthase

Sulfa drugs

Inhibits folic acid synthesis by inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase

Trimethoprim

Inhibits topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase)

Fluoroquinolones

Prototype of a narrow spectrum Penicillinase-resistant that is Staphylococci

Methicillin

Prototype of a narrow spectrum Penicillinase-susceptible

Penicillin G

Prototype of a wide spectrum Penicillinase-susceptible that is Similar to penicillin G; also includes Penicillinase-susceptible E. coli, P. mirabilis, and H. influenzae.

Ampicillin

Prototype of Wide spectrum Penicillinase-susceptible that is Gram-negative rods and especially useful for Pseudomonas spp.

Carbenicillin

Prototype of First-generation Cephalosporins that is Gram-positive cocci, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae

Cephalothin

Prototype of 2nd-generation Cephalosporins that is Greater activity against gram-negative organisms than first-generation cephalosporins

Cefamandole

Prototype of 3rd-generation Cephalosporins that is Broader activity against resistant gram negative organisms; some derivatives penetrate the blood-brain barrier

Cefoperazone

Prototype of Carbapenem that is Wide action against gram-positive cocci, gram-negative rods, and some anaerobes

Imipenem

Prototype of Monobactam that is Resistant to β-lactamases produced by gram-negative rods.

Aztreonam

SNS agents centrally acting α2-agonist; causes decreased sympathetic outflow.

Clonidine

SNS Peripherally acting Uptake by transmittervesicles in nerve depletesand replaces norepinephrine in neurosecretory vesicles.

Guanethidine

SNS Peripherally acting α1-antagonist.

Prazocin

SNS Peripherally acting β-antagonist.

Propranolol

SNS centrally and Peripherally acting Binds tightly to storage vesicles, which consequently lose their ability to concentrate and store norepinephrine.

Reserpine

Arterial Vasodilators Opens K+ channels and causes hyperpolarization of smooth muscle.

Diazoxide

Venous and Arterial Vasodilators Releases NO, which binds to guanylyl cyclase to generate cGMP.

Nitroprusside

Inhibits voltage-dependent “L-type” Ca++ channels

Nifedipine

Inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

Captopril

Inhibits Na+ channels in luminal membrane in the proximal segment of the distal tubule

Hydrochlorothiazide

Inhibits cotransporter of Na+,K+, Cl− in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Furosemide

Thiazides Diuretics

Hydrochlorothiazide

Ca++ channel-blockers

Nifedipine

Loop Diuretics

Furosemide

ACE inhibitors

Captopril

Penicillin G, ampicillin

Pneumococcus

Fluoroquinolones

Pneumococcus (penicillin-resistant)

Penicillin G, macrolides (allergic patients)

Streptococcus

Penicillinase-resistant penicillin drug

Staphylococcus (penicillinase-resistant)

Vancomycin

Staphylococcus (methicillin-resistant)

Penicillin G and gentamycin

Enterococcus

Linezolid

Enterococcus (vancomycin-resistant)

Ceftriaxone, fluoroquinolones

Gonococcus

Penicillin G, ampicillin, cephtriaxone

Menigicoccus

Second- and third-generation cephalosporin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin,fluoroquinolones

Escherichia coli,Proteus, Klebsiella

Fluoroquinolones

Shigella

Imipenem, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,fluoroquinolones, pipericillin/tazobactam

Enterobacter, Serratia

Second- or third-generation cephalosporins,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones

Hemophilus

Cephtazidime, cefepime, imipenem, aztreonam ciprofloxacin, aminoglycoside, and extendedspectrum penicillin

Pseudomonas

Metronidazole, clindamycin

Bacteroides

Macrolide, tetracycline

Mycoplasma

Penicillin G

Treponema

Cross-allergenicity

Penicillins

Cross-allergenicity, Contraindicated in patients with history of anaphylaxis to penicillins.Disulfiram-like reaction with ethanol

Cephalosporins

“Red person” syndrome

Vancomycin

“Gray baby syndrome,” aplastic anemia

Chloramphenicol

Arrhythmias with coadministration of astemizole

Macrolides

Clostridium difficile colitis

Clindamycin

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

Aminoglycosides

Discolored teeth, enamel dysplasia, and bone growth, disturbances in children

Tetracycline

Cross-allergenicity with other sulfa drugs and with certain diuretics and hypoglycemics

Sulfa drugs

Tendonitis, Achilles tendon rupture, contraindicated in patients less than 18 years old because of effects on cartilage development

Fluoroquinolones

Shocklike reaction

Amphotericin B

Arrhythmias with astemizole

Azole antifungals

Hepatotoxicity prevented by coadministration of pyridoxine

Isoniazid

Visual disturbances

Ethambutol

Pyrazinamide

Hemolysis in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Dapsone

Anemia

Zidovudine (AZT)

Neuropathy, pancreatitis

Didanosine (ddI)

Neuropathy

Stavudine (d4T)

Hypersensitivity reaction

Abacavir

Central nervous system toxicity

Efavirenz, Rimantadine, amantadine

Hepatotoxicity, hyperlipidemia, nephrolithiasis lipodystrophy

Protease inhibitors

Acyclovir

Ganciclovir

Foscarnet

Ribavirin

Interferons

Lamivudine

Zanamavir

Arrythmias, visual aberrations

Digoxin

Tachycardia, headaches, and tolerance

Nitrates

Constipation

Verapamil

Bradycardia and asthma

Β-adrenergic blockers

Torsades-like arrhythmia

Quinidine and sotalol

Lupus-like reaction

Procainamide

Pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid dysfunction, and constipation

Amiodarone

First-dose orthostatic hypotension

Prazosin

Rebound hypertension on acute drug cessation

Clonidine

Positive Coombs test

Methyldopa

Orthostatic hypotension

Guanethidine

Depression

Reserpine

Lupus-like syndrome

Hydralazine

Hirsutism, marked salt and water retention

Minoxidil

Dry cough, contraindicated in renal disease

ACE inhibitors

Bloating

Resins

Severe muscle pain

HMG-CoA reductase nhibitors

Flushing

Niacin

Neural tube defects

Valproic acid

Nystagmus, gingival hyperplasia, ataxia, hirsutism

Phenytoin

Diplopia, ataxia

Carbamazepine

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