Intro To Psychology
Psychology basics
🇬🇧
In Inglés
In Inglés
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Intro To Psychology - Marcador
Intro To Psychology - Detalles
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Branch of neuroscience that focuses on biological bases of psychological processes, behavior, and learning | Biological Psych/Behavioral Neuroscience |
| Branch-like structures of a neuron that receive messages from other neuron. Attached to cell body | Dendrites |
| A sense of balance in the nervous system | Homeostasis |
| Bundles of axons coated in myelin that travel together through peripheral nervous system (body) | Nerves |
| Schwann Cell | Self-repairing glial cell |
| Relative balance of electrical charges when ions are at rest | Electrostatic Pressure |
| Axon closest to the soma | Axon hillock |
| Nerves | Tracts |
| Chemical found in synaptic vesicles that, when released, have an effect on the next cell | Neurotransmitters |
| Presynaptic membrane | Ending vesicles of axon |
| Surface of the dendrite next to the axon | Postsynaptic membrane |
| Proteins on surface of dendrites or cells of muscles/glands, shaped to fit only certain neurotransmitters | Receptor sites |
| Synapse at which a neurotransmitter causes the receiving of a cell | Excitatory synapse |
| First neurotransmitter to be identified. Found at synapses between neurons and muscle cells | Acetycholine ACh |
| Antagonist | Blocked ACh |
| Ability of brain to change connections among it's neurons | Synaptic plasticity |
| Parkinson's | Too little dopamine |
| Schizophrenia | Too much dopamine |
| Overactivation, neuronal damage, cell death after stroke, head injury, degenerative diseases (Alz) | Too much glutamate |
| Most common neurotransmitter producing inhibition in brain | Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) |
| Angonist | Alcohol & GABA |
| Pain controlling chemicals in body | Endorphins |
| Body does not produce endorphins | Heroin and morphine |
| Process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles after action potential | Reuptake |
| Blocks reuptake process | Cocaine |
| The process of (instead of reuptake) ACh being broken apart by an enzyme, cleaning the synaptic gap quickly | Enzymatic degradation |
| Mimic/enhance effects of neurotransmitters | Drugs acting as agonists |
| Agonists for GABA | Anti-anxiety medications (benzodiazepines) |
| Blocking or reducing a cell's responses to the action of other chemicals or neurotransmitters | Drugs acting as antagonists |
| The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord | Central nervous system |
| The section of the nervous system lying outside the brain and spinal cord | Peripheral nervous system |
| The part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands | Autonomic nervous system |
| Carries sensory information and controls movement of the skeletal muscles | Somatic nervous system |
| Carries messages from senses to CNS | Sensory system/pathway (afferent) |
| Carries messages from CNS to muscles and glands | Motor system/pathway (efferent) |
| Afferent neurons in pain | Access spinal cord |
| Efferent neurons in pain | Neurons exiting |
| The development of nerve tissues | Neurogenesis |
| First large swelling at top of spinal cord, responsible for breathing, swallowing, heart rate | Medulla |
| The two sections of the cortex on the left and right sides of the brain | Cerebral hemispheres |
| Contains somatosensory cortex | Parietal lobes |
| Area of neurons at the front of the parietal lobes on either side of brain. Processes info from skin and internal body receptors touch, temp, and body position | Somatosensory cortex |
| The auditory word center; located in the posterior part of the superior temporal convolution in most people | Wernicke's area |
| Aphasia characterized by fluent but meaningless speech and severe impairment of the ability understand spoken or written words | Wernicke's aphasia |
| Damage to right parietal and occipital lobes will ignore everything in left visual field (most common scenario) | Spatial neglect |