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level: Structure of Eye

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Structure of Eye

Question	Answer
light bends as it passes through substances of different densities	refraction
the transparent dome-shaped anterior portion of the outer covering of the eye; it covers the iris and pupil and is continuous with the sclera	cornea
a medical doctor specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the eye	ophthalmologist
the limpid fluid within the eyeball between the cornea and the lens. replenishes and nourishes the eye,	aqueous humor
the hole in the center of the iris of the eye where light from visual image enters	pupil
round muscle (colored part of eye), can change size of pupil to allow more/less light	iris
behind iris, suspended by muscles, clear structure that finishes focusing process begun in cornea	lens
the change in the thickness of the lens as the eye focuses on objects that are far away or close	visual accommodation
a reduced ability to focus on near objects caused by loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens after age 45	presbyopia
the clear colorless transparent jelly that fills the posterior chamber of the eyeball, giving it nourishment and shape	vitreous humor
the innermost light-sensitive membrane covering the back wall of the eyeball; it is continuous with the optic nerve. Contains 3 layers- ganglion cells, bipolar cells, rods & codes	retina
special receptor cells (photoreceptors) that respond to various wavelengths of light	rods and cones
type of interneuron, "two ended" bc they have a single dendrite at one end and a single axon on the other	bipolar cells
visual sensory receptors found at back of the retina, responsible for non-color sensitivity to low levels of light	rods
visual sensory receptors found at back of retina responsible for color vision and sharpness of vision	cones
area in retina where axons of the 3 layers of retinal cells exit the eye to form the optic nerve, insensitive to light	blind spot
place where all axons of ganglion cells leave the retina to become the optic nerve	optic disk
recovery of eyes sensitivity to visual stimuli in darkness after exposure to bright lights (full process is about 30 min)	dark adaptation
recovery of the eyes sensitivity to visual stimuli in light after exposure to darkness, takes few seconds at most	light adaptation
theory of color vision that proposes three types of cones: red, blue, and green. Explains what happens with raw stimuli, the detection of various wavelengths of light	trichromatic theory
theory of color vision that proposes visual neurons (or groups of neurons) are stimulated by light of one color and inhibited by light of another color. Four primary colors: red, green, blue, and yellow. Colors arranged in pairs, each member of pair are opponents	opponent-process theory
inside of thalamus, part of pathway that visual info takes to occipital lobe	lateral geniculate nucleus
responsible for opponent theory processing of color vision and afterimage effect	LGN & Retinal cells
no cones or cones don't work at all. Everything looks the same in brain, shades of grey	monochrome color blindness
1/3 types of cones do not work. Results of combos of two cones (red-green deficiency, blue-yellow deficiency)	dichromatic vision
two types of working cones, can see many colors	color-deficient vision