Phase 1 metabolism summary - purpose and processes

Purpose: Introduces or exposes a functional group (e.g., hydroxyl, amine) on the drug molecule to make it more reactive for Phase 2 metabolism. THEY ALL REQUIRE NADPH and oxygen Key Processes: Oxidation: Addition of oxygen (e.g., by cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver). Codeine to morphine - first pass affect - N DEALKALATION CYP2D6 Reduction: Gain of electrons (less common). Hydrolysis: Splitting a molecule with water. Outcome: Produces a slightly modified, often more polar (but sometimes still active) drug.