Explain the history of the netherlands health system

. Universal Coverage and Equal Access (1940s-1970s): Sickness Fund Decision (1940s): Established mandatory sickness fund membership for employees up to a certain income level, funded by income-related premiums. However, this system had no incentives for cost containment. NHI Proposals (Early 1900s): Proposals for mandatory national health insurance failed due to resistance from doctors and private insurers, who feared losing profitable private business and faced concerns about income redistribution. 2. Two-Tier System (1941-2005): Mandatory Public Health Insurance (Sickness Fund Insurance - SFI): Covered about two-thirds of the population (lower-income individuals), funded by income-related premiums. Voluntary Private Health Insurance (PHI): Available to higher-income individuals, but faced issues with risk-rating and selection. AWBZ (Exceptional Medical Expenditure Act, 1968): Provided long-term care and nursing home services but led to stringent controls, rationing, and expenditure caps. 3. Incentives and Competition (2000s): Dekker Reforms: Shifted towards regulated competition, with mandatory health insurance for all, effectively merging public and private health insurance. Introduced a role for private insurers as purchasers of care, deregulated prices and capacity, but maintained government oversight to ensure affordability and quality. Health Insurance Act (2006): Mandated all residents to purchase private health insurance, offering a standard benefit package with broad coverage, open enrollment, and community rating. A mandatory deductible of €385 was introduced for adults, allowing selective contracting and vertical integration.