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level: Level 4

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 4

Question	Answer
Are concentrated viscous aqueous preparations of sugar or sugar substitute with or without added flavouring and medicinal substances Serves as a vehicle For sugar coating of tablets are very saturated; tendency to crystallize	Syrups
Syrups 1 To avoid crystallization, increase solubility, we add __ 2 add alcohol to syrup at __% 3 If mixed with more than __ concentration of sucrose, It becomes SELF-PRESERVING. 4 If below 65%, add __	. 1 glycerine and sorbitol 2) 5-10% 3) 65% 4 preservatives
Types of syrup	1 Simple Syrup 2 Medicated Syrup 3 Flavored Syrup
- Concentrated solutions of sucrose in purified water alone. It contains 65% -85% of sucrose concentration. - SELF-PRESERVING syrup - It doesn’t need preservatives - Substitute for sucrose: Sorbitol, Glycerine, and propylene glycol. - Nonglycogenetics, a sugar substitute, used for diabetic patients since they are not hydrolysed and not absorbed in the bloodstream. Examples: Methylcellulose and Hydroxyl Ethyl Cellulose.	Simple Syrup
a sugar substitute, used for diabetic patients since they are not hydrolysed and not absorbed in the bloodstream	Nonglycogenetics ex. Methylcellulose and Hydroxyl Ethyl Cellulose.
Substitute for sucrose in simple syrup:	Sorbitol, Glycerine, and propylene glycol.
- Containing a therapeutic or medicinal agent. - Available in the market for kids such as expectorant syrups and etc. - Incorporated with active ingredients	Medicated Syrup
- Intended to serve as a pleasant tasting vehicle or flavorant for medicines. - It contains little to no alcohol because they are the vehicle of choice for many drugs that are prescribed for children. (STATE THE DISADVANTAGE)	Flavored Syrup DISADVANTAGE: Since it is made up of sucrose, they promote dental caries and gingivitis.
Preparations for Syrup	1 Solution with the aid of heat 2 Solution by agitation 3 Reconstitution 4 Percolation
- Suitable preparation if the constituents are not volatile or not easily degraded by heat. - Desirable method in making syrup.	Solution with the aid of heat
For constituents that are easily degraded by heat and are volatile. - mix the solution continuously - More time consuming but the result of the product has greater stability than from solution with the aid of heat. - DISADVANTAGE: time consuming.	Solution by agitation
Addition of sucrose to a prepared medicated or flavored liquid	Reconstitution
- Passage of a solvent through a bed of sucrose at 1 ml/min. Example: IPECAC syrup (to induce vomiting)	Percolation
❖ Thick liquid preparation and somewhat allied to syrups ❖ Base are honey instead of syrup ❖ Same with sucrose but it is organic ❖ Not common today because of Difficulties in the preparation as well as in supply. ❖ Not for babies or infants (2 years old and below) because they can have __	Honeys
Honeys are not for infants because of __	Botulism. They don’t have bacteria that can fight off botulism.
❖ Thick, viscid, adhesive liquids They can be made up of Natural and Synthetic gums. Usually made from natural gums prone to decomposition It is used as bulk laxative It can give sweetness to the preparation. Therefore, it is a flavorant.	Mucilage DISADVANTAGE: -prone to decomposition -decreases viscosity upon storage -MUST be used immediately -Difficult to prepare, uneven wetting of gums
Mucilage commonly used as suspending agent	Methylcellulose Oral Solution, USP
Preparations for Mucilage	1 Dispersion of gums in water 2 Extraction of mucilages and its principles from vegetable materials
Class of gels in which the structural coherent matrix contains a high portion of liquid, particularly water A whole gum than powdered gum is desirable to prepare a clear preparation of uniform consistency. are same with mucilage prepared with similar techniques BUT differ only on its consistency. Used as lubricant for surgical gloves, catheters, and rectal thermometers.	Jellies
1 When we add When we add medicated agent or active ingredient to JELLIES, they become __ 2 When incorporated with medicated agent, we must add preservatives like __	1 prone to microbial contamination 2 P-hydroxybenzoate.
Gellies 1 As a topical anesthetic 2 As contraceptive. It contains surfactants to enhance spermatocide properties (It kills sperms). We add __ for desirable odor.	. 1 Therapeutic vaginal jellies 2 Methyl salicylate and Eucalyptol