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level: Level 8 - DRUGS

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 8 - DRUGS

Question	Answer
are alternatives to the ACE inhibitors.	Losartan and irbesartan (ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS(ARBs))
They block the AT1 receptors, decreasing the activation of AT1 receptors by angiotensin II. Their pharmacologic effects are similar to those of ACEIn by producing arteriolar and venous dilation and block aldosterone secretion, thus lowering BP and decreasing salt and water retention.	ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS(ARBs)
Adverse effects of ARBs	1 Do no increase BRADYKININ Levels 2 May be used as first-line agents for HTN, esp in patients with a compelling indication of DM,HF, or CKD. 3 Similar effects as ACEIn, although the risks of cough and angioedema are significantly decreased.
It directly inhibits renin and, thus, acts earlier in the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system than ACE inhibitors or ARBs. It lowers bp about as effectively as ARBs, ACE inhibitors, and thiazides. It should not be routinely combined with an ACE inhibitor or ARB.	RENIN INHIBITOR
is a selective renin inhibitor, available for the treatment of hypertension.	aliskiren
Renin Inhibitor Side Effects	diarrhea, cough, angioedema, Not for Pregnant (Fetal Toxicity)
are a recommended treatment option in hypertensive patients with DIABETES or ANGINA. useful in the treatment of hypertensive patients with asthma, diabetes, and/or peripheral vascular disease, because unlike βB, they do not have the potential to adversely affect these conditions.	CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS (CCBs)
Classes of CCB	1 Diphenylalkylamines: Verapamil 2 Benzothiazepines: Diltiazem 3 Dihydropyridines : Nifedipine (prototype), Amlo,felo,isra,nicar,nisol
are used in the treatment of atrial fibrillation.	diltiazem and verapamil