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level: Level 2

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 2

Question	Answer
They have a macrolide structure	1 erythromycin 2 oleandomycin
contain closely related amino sugar moieties	1 Streptomycins 2 Kanamycins, 3 Neomycins, 4 Paromomycins, 5 Gentamicins
large group of polypeptides	1 bacitracins 2 tyrothricin 3 polymyxin BTP
ß-lactam ring–containing antibiotics derived from amino acids.	1 Penicillins 2 Cephalosporins
In beta lactam, __ is attached to the beta carbon relative to the carbonyl ring	Nitrogen
First antibiotic used choice for tx of infection caused by Gram + bacteria.	Penicillin (Pen G and Pen V)
1 Penicillin G other name 2 Penicillin V other name	1 Benzylpenicillin 2 Phenoxymethyl
What are the methods of Bacterial Resistance in Beta lactam type of drugs?	1 Efflux pumps 2 Beta-lactamases enzyme hydrolyze the amide bond of Beta-lactam ring (Inactivation) 3 Mutation of genes, altering the active sites and production of PBPs (penicillin binding proteins) 4 Closure of Porins 5 Impaired penetration of drug to target PBPs
It is in the general structure of penicillin	6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA)
1 No substitution in this area in the structure of penicillin 2 Required for activity in the structure of penicillin 3 Improves acid stability, but decreases the activity of the agent in the structure of penicillin 4 When changed to alcohol, activity decreases in the structure	1 Methyl groups 2 Nitrogen 3 When the sulfur atom of thiazolidine ring is oxidized to a sulfone or sulfoxide 4 Carboxylic acid
Penam Nomenclature 1 CA-SYSTEM 2 USP-SYSTEM	1) 1-thia-4-aza-bicyclo[3.2.0]-7-heptane (Assign 1 to sulfur) 2) 4-thia-1-aza bicyclo [3.2.0]-7-heptane (Assign 1 to Nitrogen, 4 is sulfur)
1 Describe the ring system with substituents that are generally present 2 Distinguishes the compounds on the basis of the R group of the acyl portion of the molecule	1 Penicillanic acid 2) 6-carbonylaminopenicillanic acid as "penicillin"
1 Early commercial penicillin characteristics 2 Improved purification procedures characteristics of penicillin	1 Yellow to brown amorphous powder 2 White crystalline
Salts of penicillin with organic bases, such as __ have limited water solubility, therefore useful as DEPOT FORMS to provide effective blood levels over long period in the treatment of chronic infections	1 Benzathine 2 Procaine 3 Hydrabamine
1 Major degradation product 2 Second degradation product 3 Third degradation product	1 Penicillamine 2 Penicilloaldehyde 3 Penilloic acid
Percent of population allergic to some penicillin type B-lactams	10%