| It is also called "exposure control plan" by OSHA | Infection Control |
| It is a required office program that is designed to protect personnel against risks of exposure to infection. | Infection Control |
| It is a federal agency that is enacted in 1971. | Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| It is charged with the enforcement of safety and health legislation | Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| What are OSHA's Responsibility? | To ensure that employers create safe working environment for its employees.
OSHA laws apply to all private employers, regardless of the size of the company.
Companies found to be non-compliant with these regulations can face OSHA
occupational health and safety fines. |
| Infection Control Authorities: | Centers for Disease and Control (CDC)
Other Public agencies
Academe
Private and Professional organizations. |
| It was designed to provide guidance to dental health care personnel, as well as to dental practices in developing and implementing infection-control programs. | OSHA |
| It is the use of a physical or chemical procedure to destroy all microorganisms including substantial numbers of resistant bacterial spores. | Sterilization |
| It means the destruction of all life forms | Sterilization |
| He stated that sterilization means the destruction of all life forms | Ronald B. Luftig |
| It is the process of killing or removing all viable organisms. | Sterilization |
| According to this author, sterilization is the process of killing or removing all viable organisms. | MIMS-PLAYFAIR |
| Free from bacteria or other living microorganisms | Sterile |
| It is usually described as a probability (e.g., the probability of a surviving microorganism being 1 in 1 million). | Sterile |
| Destruction of pathogenic and other kinds of microorganisms by physical or chemical means. | Disinfection |
| It is a process of removing or killing most, but not all, viable organisms. | Disinfection |
| Is less lethal than sterilization, because it destroys the majority of recognized pathogenic microorganisms, but not necessarily all microbial forms (e.g., bacterial spores) | Disinfection |
| This type of bacteria can withstand radiation | Endospore |
| Device used when need high temperature and high pressure | Autoclave |
| A chemical agent used on inanimate objects to destroy virtually all recognized pathogenic microorganisms, but not necessarily all microbial forms (e.g., endospores). | Disinfectant |
| What are the two examples of disinfectant? | Chlorine and Bleach |
| A substance that inhibits the growth or action of microorganisms especially in or on living tissue | Antiseptic |
| Examples of antiseptic | Isopropyl Alcohol (70%) |
| Alcohol percentage where the cell wall of the bacteria produces a protein layer protecting the bacteria from the high concentration of the alcohol | 100% |
| Alcohol percentage where the cell wall does not consider it as toxic; does not produce a protein layer. It also has time to invade the cell wall. | 70% |
| Prevention of microbial contamination of living tissues or sterile materials by excluding, removing, or killing microorganism. | Asepsis |
| Absence of bacteria and microorganism | Asepsis |
| Is the invasion and colonization of plant or animal tissues by a microorganism. | Infection |
| Multiplication of microorganism | Infection |
| Surface which has been treated and free from contamination | Aseptic |
| It is a type of infection when a microbe initially contacted a host | Primary Infection |
| It is a type of infection where is possible when a new microbe enters the host whereby the host's resistance is lowered due to a pre-existing infectious disease. | Secondary Infection |
| It may happen when a patient already suffering from a disease acquires a new infection from another patient or another source. | Cross Infection |
| Is an infection acquired in the hospital | Nosocomial Infection |
| Is an infection due to drug therapy or investigative procedures used by the physician. | Iatrogenic Infection |
| Infection where clinical symptoms are not apparent | Subclinical Infection |
| Some infection remain hidden in the body without causing illness but proliferates and produce disease when the host's resistance is lowered. | Latent Infection |
| Where the characteristic clinical manifestations of the particular diseases is absent. | Atypical Infection |
| are opportunistic infections caused by normally present bacterial flora of the human body, that is, microorganisms which are not pathogenic under normal conditions. | Endogenous Infection |
| This process of infection is also called AUTOINFECTION. Here, the source of infection is the host's own body. | Endogenous Infections |
| Is an infection from outside the host's body. The source of infection of this infection may come from living or non-living reservoirs | Exogenous Infection |
| It may include humans and animals, the former being the most common. | Living Reservoirs |
| Include the soil where parasitic worm infections cause diseases in humans. | Non-living Reservoirs |
| Is a person who harbors the pathogenic microorganism without exhibiting the signs and symptoms of the disease. | Carrier |
| Examples of diseases spread by carriers include: typhoid, hepatitis, AIDS,etc | Carriers |
| Currently the most accepted scientific theory for many diseases. | Germ Theory |
| It states that microorganism known as pathogens or "germs" can lead to diseases. | Germ Theory |
| This small organisms invade the human body or other hosts that causes infection and disease. | Germ Theory |
| In 1876, He theorized the Germ Theory of Disease | Robert Koch |
| Theory which proved that a bacterium causes anthrax and provided the experimental steps. Prove that a specific microbe causes a specific disease. | The Germ Theory of Disease |
| His postulate prove that a specific microbe causes a specific disease. | Robert Koch |
| In this theory, he asked to investigate why some vats of alcohol would go bad. | Pasteur's Germ Theory |
| Theory that states a growing, living organism caused the problem | Pasteur's Germ Theory |
| A scientist who pioneered pasteurization. | Louis Pasteur |
| It can be applied to milk, beer, wine, and vinegar | Pasteurization |
| Is a concept where three factors affect the formation of disease or presence of an infection | Epidemiologic Triad of Disease |
| This can be biologic, chemical, physical, or nutritional factor. | Agent |
| It can be age, sex, race, genetic profile, previous diseases, immune status, religion, customs, occupation, marital status, and family background | Host |
| It can be temperature, humidity, altitude, crowding, housing, neighborhood, water, milk, food, radiation, pollution, and noise. | Environment |
| Is the primary causative factor in the emergence of infection | Agent |
| Is the reservoir for pathogenic microorganisms and is the one affected by the causative agent | Host |
| Risk factors for invasion and possibility of infection is increased when the host's resistance is lowered. | Host |
| Is another factor which increases the possibility of diseas emergence by affecting the survivability of the pathogenic organism or causative agent. | Environment |
| Without one of this factors, it is believe that disease cannot be present. | Environment |
| Elderly, infants, immunocompromised, anyone | Susceptible Host |
| Mouth, nose, eyes, cuts in skin | Portal of Entry |
| Direct contact, indirect contact, vectors | Mode of Transmission |
| Bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite | Pathogen |
| People, animals, soil, food, and water | Reservoir |
| Coughing, bodily secretions, feces | Portal of exit |
| this is the third coronavirus to have done so since 2002 | SARS COVID 2 |
| This emerged in Guangdong China in 2002 | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) CoV |
| This emerged in the Middle East in 2012 | Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) CoV |
| This emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019 | SARS-CoV-2 |
| The difference between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 | Transmission; SARS-CoV-2 can transfer very fast |
| The name of the virus | SARS CoV-2 |
| The name of the illness or disease | COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) |
| What is SARS CoV-2? | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 |
| This virus has a special ability to survive on surfaces | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 |
| It can stay for how many hours in the air? | 3 hours |
| How many days does the virus can stay outside of surgical mask? | 7 days |
| In paper and tissue, how long can it stay? | 3 hours |
| How long can it stay in copper? | 4 hours |
| How long can the virus stay in cardboard? | 24 hours |
| How long can it stay in wood and cloth? | 2 days |
| In stainless steel, how many days can it stay? | 2-3 days |
| In glass and paper money, how long can the virus stay? | 4 days |
| How long can it stay in polypropylene plastic? | 3 days |
| Face mask with strongest protection? | N95 Mask |
| Mask that are advised to be used | Surgical mask and N95 mask |
| Percentage of protection from surgical mask and N95 mask | 95% from virus |
| Infected people have the virus in their mouths, noses and throats | First Way |
| Droplets come out when we are talking, laughing, coughing and
sneezing | First Way |
| Those droplets can enter another person's mouth, nose or eyes | First Way |
| Surfaces may have viruses from someone’s respiratory droplets | Second Way |
| Virus can “survive” on surfaces and then contaminate the hands of
others | Second Way |
| Hands can transfer virus to your mouth, nose or eyes | Second Way |
| Hand-washing and cleaning are important | Second Way |
| In hospitals, patients have procedures done that may increase
transmission | Second Way |
| These are what patients say about how they feel | Symptoms |
| It is the time from when someone is infected until symptoms develop | Incubation period |
| The SARs-CoV-2 incubation period ranges from | 2-14 days |
| 50% of people will become ill by after how many days after they are infected | 5 days |
| It is the time during which someone infected with SARsCoV-2 can transmit the virus to other people | Infectious Period |
| The infection period begins how many days before the start of signs and symptoms of disease | 2 days |
| Keeps sick people separate from healthy people | Isolation |
| Restricted to home or hotel | Isolation |
| Separate space in hospitals to limit contact | Isolation |
| Separate the healthy people | Quarantine |
| Restricts movements and contact of healthy people who have been exposed | Quarantine |
| For 14 days since the last contact with the person who is infected | Quarantine |
| Introduce yourself to the case and get their basic information | Introduce |
| Figure out the case's likely infectious period | Inquire |
| Ask the case about contacts during their infectious period | Identify contacts |
| Provide isolation instructions to the case, identify challenges and
provide support | Isolate |
| Call case’s contacts to inform about their exposure, ask about symptoms, and give quarantine instructions | Initiate Contact Tracing |
| Check in with the case and their contacts until their isolation or quarantine ends | Implement Regular Check-ins |
| Also known as the Data Privacy Act of 2012 | Republic Act No. 10173 |
| Maintain the confidentiality and integrity of all personal information received as Contact Traces, particularly the following details: Name, age, sex, address, contact numbers, work/profession, health condition or any other information that will indicate the identity of the patient | Republic Act No. 10173 |
| To be on the safe side, ALL INFORMATION received through contact tracing shall be treated as confidential information | Republic Act No. 10173 |
| 1. Refusal to submit for physical examination or provision of clinical samples as required for investigation;
2. Failure or refusal to provide the required information necessary for disease surveillance or response, including contact tracing activities;
3. Failure to comply with quarantine or isolation orders or directive duly issued by a public health authority;
4. Violation of the terms of quarantine or isolation;
5. Knowingly or willfully infecting another with a contagious or communicable disease classified as notifiable or a health event of public health concern, or aids in the spreading of the same. | Implementing Rules and Regulation of R.A. 11332 |
| The arms of government, outlined above, dictate policy which is published in the form of strategic documents which they seek to implement. | Policy |
| Guidance and recommendations on infection control procedures undertaken in dental practice are cascaded down to dental professionals via a variety of formats including, for example, health technical memoranda (HTM), health building notes, drug and device alerts, and drug safety updates. | Procedures |
| These publications give technical advice and guidance on specific healthcare topics and set out recommendations for good practice | Health Technical Memoranda |
| The implementation of policy and procedures has to be monitored the local level and this has been incorporated into quality assurance and clinical governance | Implementation |
| Divide your work into manageable categories
Concentrate on significant hazard, which could results in serious harm of affect
several people
Ask your employees for their views, involves the whole dental team
Separate activities into operational stages to ensure that there are no hidden
hazards
Make use of manufactures' datasheets to help you spot hazards and put risks in
their tru****** | Step 1: Identify the Hazard |
| Identify all members of staff at risk from the significant hazard.
Do not forget people who only come into contact with the hazard infre- quently, e.g. maintenance contractors, visitors, general public and people sharing your workplace.
Highlight those persons particularly at risk who may be more vulnerable,
e.g. trainees and students, pregnant women, immunocompromised patients or staff, people with disabilities, inexperienced or temporary workers and lone workers. | Step 2: Who might be harmed? |
| The aim is to eliminate or reduce all risks to a low level.
For each significant hazard, determine whether the remaining risk, after all precautions have been taken, is high, medium or low.
Concentrate on the greatest risks first.
Examine how work is actually carried out and identify failures to follow procedures or practices.
Need to comply with legal requirements and standards.
The law says that you must do what is reasonably practical to keep your workplace safe. | Step 3: Evaluate the level or risk |
| Information to be recorded includes the following points.
Activities or work areas examined
Hazards identified
Persons exposed to the hazards
Evaluation of risks and their prioritization
Existing control measures and their effectiveness
What additional precautions are needed and who is to take action and when | Step 4: Record your findings |
| Risk assessment is a continuing process and must be kept up to date to ensure that it takes into account new activities and hazards, changes in processes, methods of work and new employees. | Step 5: Review your Assessment |
