U.S. History 1800-1914
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U.S. History 1800-1914 - Marcador
U.S. History 1800-1914 - Detalles
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| Era of Good Feelings | Primarily known for the one-party dominance of the political system by the Democratic Republicans (Two parties still existed.) 1815-1825. |
| President Monroe's American 3 point System | American System--a three-point system of national economic development. National Bank, Protective Tariffs, Federally Funded Internal Improvements. |
| Panic of 1819 | Economic recession marked by failed banks, foreclosure on homes, falling prices in agriculture, and widespread unemployment. |
| Monroe Doctrine | 1823 - Four basic points that opposed European colonization in the western hemisphere. The U.S. had no way of upholding them. 1) Non U.S. Involvement with internal affairs of European Powers 2) No U.S. Interference in Western Colonies 3) Western hemisphere closed to further colonization 4) Any attempt to oppress or control any nation in the Western hemisphere would be a hostile act against the U.S. |
| The Corrupt Bargain | Bargain--political scandal that ended with John Quincy Adams being selected as president by the House of Representatives, in a deal with Henry Clay as VP, although Andrew Jackson won the popular vote. |
| Jacksonian Political Parties | The Whigs (John Adams's party from the North) vs the Democrats (Jackson's party from the South) ...a two party system. |
| The Spoils System | Replaced thousands of government workers with Jackson’s own people. |
| Nullification Crisis | Claims that a state could nullify any federal laws that went against its interests. 1828 South Carolina nullified the imposed federal high tariffs ending in the 1832 compromise. |
| The 1830 Indian Removal Act | Forced removal of Native Americans from the East of the Mississippi to the West, marked by the Trail of Tears. |
| Second Bank of the United States | Jackson vetoed the bank’s 1832 re-charter by Congress and withdrew U.S. funds in 1833. The Senate censured Jackson on March 24, 1834 but when the Jacksonians got a majority in the Senate it was overturned. |
| Panic of 1837 | Economic recession influenced by the destruction of the Second Bank of the United States. State banks began to issue their own currencies which led to economic chaos. |
| Manifest Destiny | The idea that the American people were destined to settle the continent west to the Pacific Ocean. Westward expansion brought its own set of issues, particularly regarding the spread of slavery. Improvements in transportation helped support the movement of people and goods between east and west, north and south, and points in between. |
| Abolitionists | People who were anti-slavery, mainly from the Northern Whig party |
| Improvements in Transportation | • National Road--also known as the Cumberland Road. • Steamboats--made upstream travel easier with the engine-driven paddle doing the work. • Canals--used to connect two bodies of water. • Railroads--cut travel time considerably, moved large amounts of goods and people, resulted in establishment of time zones. |
| Missouri compromise | Maine would be admitted to the Union as a free state, Missouri would be admitted as a slave state, and slavery would be prohibited in the northern part of the Louisiana Purchase except for Missouri. |
| Gadsden Purchase | Gave the southern parts of New Mexico and Arizona to the US and allowed a future railroad to be constructed entirely within its borders. |
| Compromise of 1850 | California admitted as a free state. |
| Popular sovereignty | Used to determine whether new states would enter as “slave” or “free”. |
| Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 | Allowed special government officials to arrest any person accused of being a runaway slave. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 | Senator Stephen Douglas suggested that popular sovereignty be used to determine whether each territory would be free or a slave territory. Pro and anti slavery settlers came from neighboring states. Widespread fighting occurred throughout Kansas, also known as the “Bleeding Kansas” event. Result: Two opposing states formed. |
| Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) | Supreme Court decided that no black, free or slave, could claim U.S. citizenship, and therefore blacks were unable to petition the court for their freedom. |
| Emergence of Political Parties | Free-Soil Party (1848) and the Republican Party (1854) strongly opposed the spread of slavery to the West. |
| Civil War 1861-1865 | Events moved quite rapidly once Lincoln was elected. South Carolina called for a convention to secede from the Union. Within three months of Lincoln’s election, seven states had seceded from the Union. The war lasted 4 years. |
| Civil War contributions of minority groups | Contributions of women and African Americans, including the importance of the American Red Cross and Emancipation Proclamation. |
| Civil War Unintended Consequences | Destruction on the home front, print media and photography, technological advancements, and environmental impact |
| Reconstruction Acts | Placed 10 confederate states under military control; Blacks were enrolled as voters, and former Confederate leaders were excluded for a limited period; Denied the right to vote for men who had sworn to uphold the Constitution and then rebelled against the federal government; |
| Segregation | The forced separation of whites and African Americans in public places; Jim Crow laws: enforced segregation and became quite common in most southern states; |
| Sharecropping | Economic labor system where a sharecropper gives the majority of the harvested crop to the landowner; The ultimate goal of the sharecropper was to save enough money to be able to purchase their own land and start a farm —> very few were able to achieve this dream; |
| 13th Amendment | Abolished slavery |
| 14th Amendment | Guaranteed U.S citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States and granted then federal civil rights |
| 15th Amendment | Decreed that the right to vote could not be denied because of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude” |
| President Lincoln’s 10% Plan | 10% of voters swear loyalty and agree that slavery was illegal, then a new government could be formed (state back to the Union) |
| President Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan | Wealthy Southerners and former Confederate officials needed a presidential pardon to receive amnesty |
| Black Codes | Southerners created Black Codes, limiting the freedoms of African Americans, so their economy wouldn’t collapse |
| Radical Republicans | Used Congress to block Lincoln’s approach to Reconstruction during the Civil War |
| Carpetbaggers | Republican Northerners who rushed to the south with possessions in carpet bags |
| Scalawags | Southern white Republicans who betrayed the democrats in the south (voted for the republicans) |
| Plessy V. Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court case | African American refused to live whites only train car, arrested for breaking state law (separate cars for blacks and whites) |
| Homestead Act | This act granted 160 acres to each settler who improved the land for five years. |
| Morrill Act | This act provided land grants to begin colleges of agriculture and engineering. |
| Dawes Act of 1887 | Attempted to assimilate Native Americans into a European-style culture |
| Barbed Wire | Helped the Farmers to prevent cattle and sheep from eating crops |
| Great Sioux War of 1876 | Series of battles and negotiations involving the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne and the United States |
| Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890 | A deaf tribesman was reluctant to give up his rifle, a fight started and he fired a shot, which caused the cavalry to open fire indiacriminately, killing all kind of people |
| American Imperialism | Was partly rooted in American exceptionalism the idea that the United States was different from other countries due to its specific world mission to spread liberty and democracy |
| Alaska aquisition | Purchased from Russia; provide the United States with fish, furs and coaling stations for merchant ships in the Pacific |
| Hawaii acquisition | Became a Republic after Queen Lilliuokalani was forced to surrender her throne by American forces; annexed in 1898; a vital port for whaling and merchant ships as well as providing a strategic military base in the Pacific |
| Spanish-American War | USS Maine (a U.S navy ship) exploded in Havana Harbor (an accident) and DeLome Letter contributed to the US declaring hostilities with Spain |
| Yellow journalism and Propaganda | News outlets printed wildly exaggerated stories and urged for the declaration of war |
| Treaty of Paris (1898) | Three main points - the US gaining territories in Guam & Puerto Rico - Cuba was a US protectorate + the establishment of Guantanamo Bay - The Phillipines was sold to the US for $20 million. the Filipino people revolted but the US put them down. |
| China Open-Door Policy | All nations would have equal trading rights in China, and China's territorial integrity would not be compromised (Ignored by everyone) |
| Progressive Presidents | Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson |
| Theodore Roosevelt | Big Stick Policy turned out to be military intervention. "Speak softly but carry a big stick" (US Navy) |
| William Howard Taft | Dollar Diplomacy was a plan to “substitute dollars for bullets”, such as in Nicaragua. Forcing these countries to take loans from the U.S. at high rates, to take advantage of these countries when they couldn`t pay the debts. |
| Woodrow Wilson | Moral Diplomacy - support was given to countries whose moral beliefs were similar to that of the U.S.. E.g. US involvement in the Mexican Revolution, between 1913-1917. |