| Reconstruction Acts | Placed 10 confederate states under military control;
Blacks were enrolled as voters, and former Confederate leaders were excluded for a limited period;
Denied the right to vote for men who had sworn to uphold the Constitution and then rebelled against the federal government; |
| Segregation | The forced separation of whites and African Americans in public places;
Jim Crow laws: enforced segregation and became quite common in most southern states; |
| Sharecropping | Economic labor system where a sharecropper gives the majority of the harvested crop to the landowner;
The ultimate goal of the sharecropper was to save enough money to be able to purchase their own land and start a farm —> very few were able to achieve this dream; |
| 13th Amendment | Abolished slavery |
| 14th Amendment | Guaranteed U.S citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States and granted then federal civil rights |
| 15th Amendment | Decreed that the right to vote could not be denied because of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude” |
| President Lincoln’s 10% Plan | 10% of voters swear loyalty and agree that slavery was illegal, then a new government could be formed (state back to the Union) |
| President Johnson’s
Reconstruction Plan | Wealthy Southerners and former Confederate officials needed a presidential pardon to receive amnesty |
| Black Codes | Southerners created Black Codes, limiting the freedoms of African Americans, so their economy wouldn’t collapse |
| Radical Republicans | Used Congress to block Lincoln’s approach to Reconstruction during the Civil War |
| Carpetbaggers | Republican Northerners who rushed to the south with possessions in carpet bags |
| Scalawags | Southern white Republicans who betrayed the democrats in the south (voted for the republicans) |
| Plessy V. Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court case | African American refused to live whites only train car, arrested for breaking state law (separate cars for blacks and whites) |
| Homestead Act | This act granted 160 acres to each settler who improved the land for five years. |
| Morrill Act | This act provided land grants to begin colleges of agriculture and engineering. |
| Dawes Act of 1887 | Attempted to assimilate Native Americans into a European-style culture |
| Barbed Wire | Helped the Farmers to prevent cattle and sheep from eating crops |
| Great Sioux War of 1876 | Series of battles and negotiations involving the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne and the United States |
| Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890 | A deaf tribesman was reluctant to give up his rifle, a fight started and he fired a shot, which caused the cavalry to open fire indiacriminately, killing all kind of people |
