the nervous system
include genral questions about the anatomy of the nervous system
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the nervous system - Marcador
the nervous system - Detalles
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| Nervous system is divided into: | Central nervous system: Peripheral nervous system Autonomic nervous system: |
| Parts of Central nervous system | Brain. Spinal cord. |
| What is the contents of Peripheral nervous system | Nerves: 1- Spinal nerves (31 pairs) arise from the spinal cord 2- Cranial nerves (12 pairs) arise from the brain |
| Parts of Autonomic nervous system | 1- Sympathetic. 2- Parasympathetic |
| Brain is protected by | The Skull |
| Spinal cord is protected by | Vertebral column |
| The brain formed of | Cerebrum Brain stem Cerebellum |
| The Cerebrum (fore brain) formed of | 2 cerebral hemispheres diencephalon |
| The Brain stem (hind brain) formed of | Midbrain pons Medulla oblongata |
| Cerebellum formed of | 2 cerebellar hemispheres |
| The most important 2 parts of Diencephalons: | Thalamus & hypothalamus. |
| Lobes of cerebral hemisphere | Frontal lobe parietal lobe occipital lobe temporal lobe |
| Frontal lobe lies | In front of central sulcus |
| The frontal lope contanis 2 areas | Motor area Brocha's area |
| Motor area's function | Controls the movement of the opposite half of the body. |
| Brocha's area's function | Control the speech |
| Brocha's area present in | The left hemisphere of the right handed person. |
| The parietal lobe lies | Behind the central sulcus |
| The parietal lobe contains | The sensory area |
| Sensory area's function | Receives the sensation from the opposite half of the body. |
| Temporal lobe It lies | Below the lateral sulcus |
| Temporal lobe contains | The auditory area |
| Occipital lobe lies | Posterior to the temporal and parietal lobes |
| Occipital lobe contains | The visular area |
| Meninges refer to | The membranous coverings of the brain and spinal cord. |
| The brain is covered by 3 meninges | Dura mate arachnoid mater pia mater |
| The space which lies between the pia and arachnoid mater is called | Subarachnoid space |
| Subarachnoid space contains | C.S.F. the blood vessels of the brain |
| Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) refers | A fluid circulating inside the cavities of the CNS and outside the subarachnoid space |
| Cavities of theCentral Nervous System | Ventricles (wide cavities) Central canals (narrow cavities) |
| Ventricles contains | Two lateral ventricles Third ventricle Fourth (4th) ventricle |
| Location of the Two lateral ventricles | One in each cerebral hemisphere. |
| Location of the Third ventricle | The cavity of diencephalon |
| Location of the Fourth ventricle | The cavity of the hindbrain (pons, medulla and cerebellum). |
| Central canals contains | Central canal of midbrain (Aqueduct of Sylvius). Central canal of spinal cord and lower half of medulla |
| What is the function of CSF | It supports and protects the brain and spinal cord. |
| The site of the spinal cord | Present inside the vertebral canal |
| The spinal cord is divided into | 31 segments |
| Segments of the spinal cord | 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal |
| Superficial attachment of the cranial nerves : 1 and 2 are attached to | Cerebral hemisphere |
| 1st pair of the cranial nerves | Olfactory nerve |
| 2nd pair of the cranial nerves | Optic nerve |
| 3rd pair of the cranial nerves | Oculomotor |
| 4th pair of the cranial nerves | Trochlear nerve |
| 5th pair of the cranial nerves | Trigeminal nerve |
| 6th pair of the cranial nerves | Abducent nerves |
| 7th pair of the cranial nerves | Facial nerve |
| 8th pair of the cranial nerves | Auditory nerve ( vestibulocochlear ) |
| 9th pair of the cranial nerves | Glossopharyngeal nerve |
| 11th pair of the cranial nerves | Accessory nerve |
| 12th pair of the cranial nerves | Hypoglossal nerve |
| Mention the function of: Oculomotor | Supplies all muscles of eye except 2 muscles |
| Mention the function of: Trochlear nerve | Supplies superior oblique muscle of the eye |
| Mention the function of: Trigeminal nerve | 1- Sensory to face and scalp and anterior 2/3 of tongue. 2- Motor for the 4 muscles of mastication |
| Mention the function of: Abducent nerves: | Supplies the lateral rectus muscle of eye |
| Mention the function of: Facial nerve | 1- Motor to muscles of face (facial expression). 2- Sensory carries taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue |
| Mention the function of: Auditory nerve | Hearing and equilibrium |
| Mention the function of: Glossopharyngeal nerve | 1- Motor to one muscle of pharynx. 2- Sensory carries sensation from pharynx 3- general sensation and taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue. |
| Mention the function of: Vagus | 1- Motor: To muscles of larynx, pharynx and palate. 2- Parasympathetic: To heart, respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract. |
| Mention the function of: Accessory nerve | Supplies two muscles: trapezius and sternomastoid muscle. |
| Mention the function of: Hypoglossal nerve | Supplies all muscles of tongue except one muscle |
| Sympathetic system present to | Prepare the body for emergency |
| Sympathetic system actives in | STRESS CONDITIONS AS IN FIGHT,FRIGHT OR FLIGHT |
| Parasympathetic Outflow Arise from the CNS in 2 sites : | 1- With cranial nerves 3,7,9,10. 2- From sacral spinal segments S 2,3,4 |
| Functions of parasympathetic system : | It rebuilds body resources during rest |
| Functions of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic | Eye heart bronchi arteries |
| Parts of brain | 1- Fore brain 2- Mid brain 3-Hind brain |