| Nervous system is divided into: | Central nervous system:
Peripheral nervous system
Autonomic nervous system: |
| Parts of Central nervous system | Brain.
Spinal cord. |
| What is the contents of Peripheral nervous system | Nerves:
1- Spinal nerves (31 pairs) arise from the spinal cord
2- Cranial nerves (12 pairs) arise from the brain |
| Parts of Autonomic nervous system | 1- Sympathetic.
2- Parasympathetic |
| Brain is protected by | The Skull |
| Spinal cord is protected by | vertebral column |
| the brain formed of | Cerebrum
Brain stem
Cerebellum |
| the Cerebrum (fore brain) formed of | 2 cerebral hemispheres
diencephalon |
| the Brain stem (hind brain) formed of | Midbrain
pons
Medulla oblongata |
| Cerebellum formed of | 2 cerebellar hemispheres |
| the most important 2 parts of Diencephalons: | thalamus & hypothalamus. |
| Lobes of cerebral hemisphere | frontal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
temporal lobe |
| Frontal lobe lies | in front of central sulcus |
| the frontal lope contanis 2 areas | motor area
Brocha's area |
| Motor area's function | controls the movement of the opposite half of the body. |
| Brocha's area's function | control the speech |
| Brocha's area present in | the left hemisphere of the right handed person. |
| The parietal lobe lies | behind the central sulcus |
| The parietal lobe contains | the sensory area |
| sensory area's function | receives the sensation from the opposite half of the body. |
| Temporal lobe It lies | below the lateral sulcus |
| Temporal lobe contains | the auditory area |
| Occipital lobe lies | posterior to the temporal and parietal lobes |
| Occipital lobe contains | the visular area |
| meninges refer to | the membranous coverings of the brain and spinal cord. |
| The brain is covered by 3 meninges | dura mate
arachnoid mater
pia mater |
| The space which lies between the pia and arachnoid mater is called | subarachnoid space |
| subarachnoid space contains | C.S.F.
the blood vessels of the brain |
| Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) refers | a fluid circulating inside the cavities of the CNS
and outside the subarachnoid space |
| Cavities of theCentral Nervous System | Ventricles (wide cavities)
Central canals (narrow cavities) |
| Ventricles contains | Two lateral ventricles
Third ventricle
Fourth (4th) ventricle |
| location of the Two lateral ventricles | one in each cerebral hemisphere. |
| location of the Third ventricle | the cavity of diencephalon |
| location of the Fourth ventricle | the cavity of the hindbrain (pons, medulla and cerebellum). |
| Central canals contains | Central canal of midbrain (Aqueduct of Sylvius).
Central canal of spinal cord and lower half of medulla |
| what is the function of CSF | It supports and protects the brain and spinal cord. |
| what is SPINAL CORD length | 45 cm |
| the site of the spinal cord | present inside the vertebral canal |
| The spinal cord is divided into | 31 segments |
| segments of the spinal cord | 8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal |
| Superficial attachment of the cranial nerves :
1 and 2 are attached to | cerebral hemisphere |
| Superficial attachment of the cranial nerves :
3 and 4 are attached to | midbrain |
| Superficial attachment of the cranial nerves:
5, 6, 7 and 8 are attached to | pons |
| Superficial attachment of the cranial nerves:
9, 10, 11 and 12 are attached to | medulla oblongata. |
| 1st pair of the cranial nerves | Olfactory nerve |
| 2nd pair of the cranial nerves | Optic nerve |
| 3rd pair of the cranial nerves | Oculomotor |
| 4th pair of the cranial nerves | Trochlear nerve |
| 5th pair of the cranial nerves | Trigeminal nerve |
| 6th pair of the cranial nerves | Abducent nerves |
| 7th pair of the cranial nerves | Facial nerve |
| 8th pair of the cranial nerves | Auditory nerve ( vestibulocochlear ) |
| 9th pair of the cranial nerves | Glossopharyngeal nerve |
| 10th pair of the cranial nerves | Vagus |
| 11th pair of the cranial nerves | Accessory nerve |
| 12th pair of the cranial nerves | Hypoglossal nerve |
| mention the function of: Olfactory nerve | Smell |
| mention the function of: Optic nerve | vision |
| mention the function of: Oculomotor | Supplies all muscles of eye
except 2 muscles |
| mention the function of: Trochlear nerve | Supplies superior oblique muscle of the eye |
| mention the function of: Trigeminal nerve | 1- Sensory to face and scalp and anterior 2/3 of tongue.
2- Motor for the 4 muscles of mastication |
| mention the function of: Abducent nerves: | Supplies the lateral rectus muscle of eye |
| mention the function of: Facial nerve | 1- Motor to muscles of face (facial expression).
2- Sensory carries taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue |
| mention the function of: Auditory nerve | Hearing and equilibrium |
| mention the function of: Glossopharyngeal nerve | 1- Motor to one muscle of pharynx.
2- Sensory carries sensation from pharynx
3- general sensation and taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue. |
| mention the function of: Vagus | 1- Motor: To muscles of larynx, pharynx and palate.
2- Parasympathetic: To heart, respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract. |
| mention the function of: Accessory nerve | Supplies two muscles: trapezius
and sternomastoid muscle. |
| mention the function of: Hypoglossal nerve | Supplies all muscles of tongue except one muscle |
| Sympathetic system present to | Prepare the body for emergency |
| Sympathetic system actives in | STRESS CONDITIONS AS IN
FIGHT,FRIGHT OR FLIGHT |
| Parasympathetic Outflow Arise from the CNS in 2 sites : | 1- With cranial nerves 3,7,9,10.
2- From sacral spinal segments S 2,3,4 |
| The parasympathetic system becomes active during : | sleep |
| Functions of parasympathetic system : | it rebuilds body resources during rest |
| Functions of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic | eye
heart
bronchi
arteries |
| parts of brain | 1- Fore brain
2- Mid brain
3-Hind brain |
