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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
Nervous system is divided into:Central nervous system: Peripheral nervous system Autonomic nervous system:
Parts of Central nervous systemBrain. Spinal cord.
What is the contents of Peripheral nervous systemNerves: 1- Spinal nerves (31 pairs) arise from the spinal cord 2- Cranial nerves (12 pairs) arise from the brain
Parts of Autonomic nervous system1- Sympathetic. 2- Parasympathetic
Brain is protected byThe Skull
Spinal cord is protected byvertebral column
the brain formed ofCerebrum Brain stem Cerebellum
the Cerebrum (fore brain) formed of2 cerebral hemispheres diencephalon
the Brain stem (hind brain) formed ofMidbrain pons Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum formed of2 cerebellar hemispheres
the most important 2 parts of Diencephalons:thalamus & hypothalamus.
Lobes of cerebral hemispherefrontal lobe parietal lobe occipital lobe temporal lobe
Frontal lobe liesin front of central sulcus
the frontal lope contanis 2 areasmotor area Brocha's area
Motor area's functioncontrols the movement of the opposite half of the body.
Brocha's area's functioncontrol the speech
Brocha's area present inthe left hemisphere of the right handed person.
The parietal lobe liesbehind the central sulcus
The parietal lobe containsthe sensory area
sensory area's functionreceives the sensation from the opposite half of the body.
Temporal lobe It liesbelow the lateral sulcus
Temporal lobe containsthe auditory area
Occipital lobe liesposterior to the temporal and parietal lobes
Occipital lobe containsthe visular area
meninges refer tothe membranous coverings of the brain and spinal cord.
The brain is covered by 3 meningesdura mate arachnoid mater pia mater
The space which lies between the pia and arachnoid mater is calledsubarachnoid space
subarachnoid space containsC.S.F. the blood vessels of the brain
Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) refersa fluid circulating inside the cavities of the CNS and outside the subarachnoid space
Cavities of theCentral Nervous SystemVentricles (wide cavities) Central canals (narrow cavities)
Ventricles containsTwo lateral ventricles Third ventricle Fourth (4th) ventricle
location of the Two lateral ventriclesone in each cerebral hemisphere.
location of the Third ventriclethe cavity of diencephalon
location of the Fourth ventriclethe cavity of the hindbrain (pons, medulla and cerebellum).
Central canals containsCentral canal of midbrain (Aqueduct of Sylvius). Central canal of spinal cord and lower half of medulla
what is the function of CSFIt supports and protects the brain and spinal cord.
what is SPINAL CORD length45 cm
the site of the spinal cordpresent inside the vertebral canal
The spinal cord is divided into31 segments
segments of the spinal cord8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal
Superficial attachment of the cranial nerves : 1 and 2 are attached tocerebral hemisphere
Superficial attachment of the cranial nerves : 3 and 4 are attached tomidbrain
Superficial attachment of the cranial nerves: 5, 6, 7 and 8 are attached topons
Superficial attachment of the cranial nerves: 9, 10, 11 and 12 are attached tomedulla oblongata.
1st pair of the cranial nervesOlfactory nerve
2nd pair of the cranial nervesOptic nerve
3rd pair of the cranial nervesOculomotor
4th pair of the cranial nervesTrochlear nerve
5th pair of the cranial nervesTrigeminal nerve
6th pair of the cranial nervesAbducent nerves
7th pair of the cranial nervesFacial nerve
8th pair of the cranial nervesAuditory nerve ( vestibulocochlear )
9th pair of the cranial nervesGlossopharyngeal nerve
10th pair of the cranial nervesVagus
11th pair of the cranial nervesAccessory nerve
12th pair of the cranial nervesHypoglossal nerve
mention the function of: Olfactory nerveSmell
mention the function of: Optic nervevision
mention the function of: OculomotorSupplies all muscles of eye except 2 muscles
mention the function of: Trochlear nerveSupplies superior oblique muscle of the eye
mention the function of: Trigeminal nerve1- Sensory to face and scalp and anterior 2/3 of tongue. 2- Motor for the 4 muscles of mastication
mention the function of: Abducent nerves:Supplies the lateral rectus muscle of eye
mention the function of: Facial nerve1- Motor to muscles of face (facial expression). 2- Sensory carries taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
mention the function of: Auditory nerveHearing and equilibrium
mention the function of: Glossopharyngeal nerve1- Motor to one muscle of pharynx. 2- Sensory carries sensation from pharynx 3- general sensation and taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue.
mention the function of: Vagus1- Motor: To muscles of larynx, pharynx and palate. 2- Parasympathetic: To heart, respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract.
mention the function of: Accessory nerveSupplies two muscles: trapezius and sternomastoid muscle.
mention the function of: Hypoglossal nerveSupplies all muscles of tongue except one muscle
Sympathetic system present toPrepare the body for emergency
Sympathetic system actives inSTRESS CONDITIONS AS IN FIGHT,FRIGHT OR FLIGHT
Parasympathetic Outflow Arise from the CNS in 2 sites :1- With cranial nerves 3,7,9,10. 2- From sacral spinal segments S 2,3,4
The parasympathetic system becomes active during :sleep
Functions of parasympathetic system :it rebuilds body resources during rest
Functions of Sympathetic and Parasympatheticeye heart bronchi arteries
parts of brain1- Fore brain 2- Mid brain 3-Hind brain