HALIDES
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HALIDES - Marcador
HALIDES - Detalles
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| ALLYLIC CARBON | Cntd. to DOUBLY BONDED CARONS |
| BENZYLIC C | Cntd. to a BENZENE RING |
| VINYLIC CARBON | ONE OF THE CARBONS OF A DOUBLE BOND |
| ARYLIC C | One of the carbons of a benzene ring |
| 2 degree halide | Halide connected to a two degree carbon |
| Two degree carbon | SECONDARY CARBON. connected to two carbons |
| ONE DEGREE CARBON | PRIMARY CARBON. has one carbon atom attached to it |
| TETIARY CARBON | THREE DEGREE . cntd to three other carbons |
| QUATENARY CARBON | Cntd to four other carbons |
| METHODS of preparation of halides | 1) halogenation of alkanes 2) FROM ALKENE 3) halogenation of AROMATIC hydrocarbons 4) Halogen EXCHANGE method 5) from DIAZONIUM salt 6) from ALCHOHOL 7) HUNDSDEIKER reaction |
| CHEMICAL properties of halides | A. reaction with metals- Na, Cu, Mg B. electrophilic aromatic substitution C. ELIMNATION reactions: E1 E2, E1CB D. NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION- at sp2 Carbon and at sp3 Carbon |
| RELATION : BASCISITY AND LEAVING ABILITY | WEAKER BASES ARE GOOD LEAVING GROUPS |
| Why is DRY ether used instead of wet in rxn with SODIUM (Na) | IF ETHER IS WET / CONTAINS WATER, THEN Na REACTS VIOLENTLY WITH WATER AND CATCHES FIRE |
| Category HALOGENATION OF ALKANE | FREE RADICAL SUBSTITUION |
| HALOGENATION of alkane rex. cat. | FREE RADICAL SUBST. |
| Halogenation of alkane mech. steps | S1- CHAIN INITIATION S2- CHAIN PROPAGATION S3- CHAIN TERMINATION |
| MOP halide from alkene | 1. addn. of X2 on alkene 2. addn. of halogen acid 3. free rad. subs. |
| ALKENE addn. of X2 rxn. category | ELECTROPHILIC ADDN RXN. |
| ALKENE addn. of X2 - 1. STEREOCHEM 2. SOLVENT 3. INTERMEDIATE | ANTI ADDN Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 Cyclic halonium ion |
| Test of unsaturation | Unsaturated aliphatic alkene + Br2 + CCl4 ---> red brown reactant to colorless product |
| Addn. of halogen acid, rules, FAR/EAS 1. HBr in presence of PEROXIDE 2. HBr 3. HCl, HI, HF | 1. kharash effect/ peroxide effect FAR 2. markonikov rule EAS 3. markonikov rule EAS |
| MARKONIKOV RULE is based on | Stability of carbocation, EAS |
| KHARASH EFFECT IS DUE TO | Free radical formation, FAR |
| FREE RADICAL SUBSTn. in alkene is.... it has ... steps, namely.... | 1. MOP of halide 2. 3 steps 3. ~ CHAIN INITIATION STEP ~ CHAIN PROPAGATION STEP ~chain temination step |
| NBS full form... where is it used... where it cant be used... | 1.N- Bromo Succinimide 2.used in free radical substitution of alkene 3. can not be used in halogenation of alkane |
| NBS is highly slective for | BROMINATION AT ALLYLIC AND BENZYLIC POSITONS |
| FINKELSTEIN REACTION | RX + NaI, in presence of ACETONE, gives RI + NaX through SN2 |
| WHICH IS THE BEST METHOD OF PREP. OF ALKYL IDODIDE | FINKELSTEIN REACTION |
| WHY CAN FINKELSTEIN REACTION NOT BE PERFORMED WITHOUT ACETONE | Without acetone, reaction is reversible, yield decreases . acetone being an organic solvent, solvates covalent compounds better, and, NaI BEING MORE COVALENT, DISSOLVES BETTER IN ACETONE THAN THE PRODUCTS, |