IGCSE chemistry
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IGCSE chemistry - Marcador
IGCSE chemistry - Detalles
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Metals ions in salt | Acid provides the non-metal ion for the salt, metal or base provides the metal ion for the salt |
| Acid | Proton donors |
| Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
| Properties of solids | Particles are closely packed, shape and volume do not change, vibrate in a a fixed position, they do not compress and have little kinetic energy and have strong attractive forces |
| Why ionic bonds have these structures | A lot of heat energy is required to break this force of attraction |
| Properties of liquids | Particles are slightly further apart and can slide past each other, change shape but not volume, small amount of movement and compressibility with some energy with weak forces |
| Metals ions in salt | Acid provides the non-metal ion for the salt, metal or base provides the metal ion for the salt |
| Aqueous solutions of alkalis | OH- ions |
| NA | NA |
| Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| Properties of gasses | Particles in a gas are very far apart, change shape and volume, compress, have lots of movement and energy |
| Metals ions in salt | Acid provides the non-metal ion for the salt, metal or base provides the metal ion for the salt |
| Aqueous solutions of alkalis | OH- ions |
| Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| What happens as a solid gets heated | Particles gain energy and vibrate more, the forces of attraction between particles are weakened as the solid melts, |
| Metals ions in salt | Acid provides the non-metal ion for the salt, metal or base provides the metal ion for the salt |
| Aqueous solutions of alkalis | OH- ions |
| Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| NA | NA |
| Metals ions in salt | Acid provides the non-metal ion for the salt, metal or base provides the metal ion for the salt |
| Aqueous solutions of alkalis | OH- ions |
| Heating and cooling curve | Heating and cooling curve |
| Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| Exothermic reaction | Gives out heat |
| NA | NA |
| Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| Endothermic | Absorbs heat |
| Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| NA | NA |
| Diffusion in terms of kinetic particle theory | Net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| Metals ions in salt | Acid provides the non-metal ion for the salt, metal or base provides the metal ion for the salt |
| Effect of relative molecular mass on the rate of diffusion of gasses | Molecules that have a lower mass move faster, if light and heavy molecules have the same amount of energy when they collide the lighter ones will bounce off the heavier ones quicker, so lighter molecules will diffuse faster than heavier molecules |
| Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| NA | NA |
| Atom | The smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist, singular |
| Metals ions in salt | Acid provides the non-metal ion for the salt, metal or base provides the metal ion for the salt |
| Salt + ammonia | Ammonia salt |
| Molecule | A group of atoms bonded together |
| NA | NA |
| Salt + ammonia | Ammonia salt |
| Element | Are made up of one type of atom which cannot be broken down further |
| NA | NA |
| Salt + ammonia | Ammonia salt |
| Compound | Made up of 2 or more different elements chemically combined |
| NA | NA |
| Salt + ammonia | Ammonia salt |
| NA | NA |
| Mixture | Two or more substances not chemically combined and can be separated by physical means, e.g. filtering |
| Salt + ammonia | Ammonia salt |
| Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| Metals ions in salt | Acid provides the non-metal ion for the salt, metal or base provides the metal ion for the salt |
| Structure of the atom | Central nucleus containing neutrons and protons surrounded by electrons in shells |
| NA | NA |
| Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
| Metals ions in salt | Acid provides the non-metal ion for the salt, metal or base provides the metal ion for the salt |
| Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
| Relative mass and charge of neutrons | 1, no charge |
| NA | NA |
| Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
| Relative mass and charge of electrons | 0.00054, -1 |
| Metals ions in salt | Acid provides the non-metal ion for the salt, metal or base provides the metal ion for the salt |
| Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
| How to find number of protons/electrons | Atomic number |
| How to find the number of protons in the nucleus | Proton number/atomic number |
| Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
| Metals ions in salt | Acid provides the non-metal ion for the salt, metal or base provides the metal ion for the salt |
| How to find the total number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) in the nucleus of an atom | Nucleon number/ mass number |
| Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
| Metals ions in salt | Acid provides the non-metal ion for the salt, metal or base provides the metal ion for the salt |
| Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
| How to find number of neutrons | Atomic mass - number of protons |
| NA | NA |
| Number of outer shell electrons | Group number (downwards) |
| Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
| Metals ions in salt | Acid provides the non-metal ion for the salt, metal or base provides the metal ion for the salt |
| Number of occupied electron shells | Period number (across) |
| Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
| Metals ions in salt | Acid provides the non-metal ion for the salt, metal or base provides the metal ion for the salt |
| Isotopes | Different atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
| Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
| Metals ions in salt | Acid provides the non-metal ion for the salt, metal or base provides the metal ion for the salt |
| Effect of isotopes on properties of the element | Have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons and therefore the same electronic configuration, but differ in mass and therefore in physical properties |
| Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
| NA | NA |
| Ions | Formed by the atoms gaining or losing electrons |
| Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
| Metals ions in salt | Acid provides the non-metal ion for the salt, metal or base provides the metal ion for the salt |
| Cations | Positively charged ions, which are formed by atoms losing electrons |
| Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
| Metals ions in salt | Acid provides the non-metal ion for the salt, metal or base provides the metal ion for the salt |
| Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| NA | NA |
| Anions | Negatively charged ions, formed by atoms gaining electrons |
| Metals ions in salt | Acid provides the non-metal ion for the salt, metal or base provides the metal ion for the salt |
| Ionic bond | Formed when electrons are transferred between two atoms, is a strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| Properties of ionic compounds | High melting and boiling points, good electrical conductivity when aqueous or molten (ions are free to move to carry the current) but poor when solid (ions aren't free to move), soluble, brittle (when hit the layers slide so ions of the same charge end of next to eachother and repel) |
| Metals ions in salt | Acid provides the non-metal ion for the salt, metal or base provides the metal ion for the salt |