What is diffuse esophageal spasm?

I. Pathophysiology: A. Characterized by strong nonperistaltic contractions B. Normal sphincteric relaxation and may be associated with GER II. Symptoms : may be spontaneous or may be induced by cold or hot liquids, stress, or carbonated beverages A. Chest pain: may be confused with angina pectoris B. Dysphagia: to liquids and solids