What is clean surgery?

Uninfected operative wounds in which inflammation is not encountered, and the respiratory, gastrointestinal, genital, urinary tracts or the oropharynx are not entered, and there is no break in aseptic technique. In addition, clean wounds must be primarily closed and, if there is drainage, this must be closed. Includes operative wounds that follow nonpenetrating trauma, e.g. fractured neck of femur, providing they meet these criteria.