What are placental inflammations and infections?

Infections may reach the placenta by either of two paths: (1) ascension through the birth canal or (2) hematogenous (transplacental) spread. Ascending infections are by far the more common; ➢ in most instances they are bacterial and are associated with premature rupture of the fetal membranes. ➢ On microscopic examination, the chorioamnion shows neutrophilic infiltration associated with edema and congestion (acute chorioamnionitis). ➢ With extension beyond the membranes, the infection may involve the umbilical cord and placental villi, resulting in acute vasculitis of the cord (funisitis). ➢ Ascending infections are caused by Mycoplasma, Candida, and bacteria of the vaginal flora