What are prognostic factors of bladder cancer?

• Grade • Stage, with histologic characterization and involvement of the muscularis propria is an important factor for determining prognosis. • 5 year relative survival: – 69% with local disease – 37% with regional disease – 6% with distant disease. • Morphological variants associated with poor prognosis, possibly due to late stage diagnosis and aggressive behavior include: – Poorly differentiated, sarcomatoid – Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma – Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma – Nested urothelial carcinoma