How is tx of hypospadias and epispadias?

Always indication for surgery More proximal opening harder surgery failure, either cases semen exit from urethra is affected may cause infertility Most common hypospadias surgery is Snodgrass surgery, high risk of failure 20%, most common site of hypospadias is subcoronal It hypospadias posterior urethra part AKA urethral plate is present while anterior is abscent Surgery we cut glans in middle, suture sides closing the opening, remove dorsal hood, tangle excess skin around opening and close and suture Two main concepts are blood supply and suture stay in place