What are anatomic anomalies risk factors for stones?

- Certain anatomic anomalies of the kidneys or the excretory tract favorize urinary stasis and, thus, stones formation. - Once the diagnosis is imposed, we need to treat the stone and the anatomic anomaly, if possible, in order to avoid recurrences. - We can name some anatomic anomalies such as pyelo-ureteral junction syndrome, calyceal diverticulum, the horsehoe kidney «arcuatus » , the mega-ureter , and the vesico-ureteral reflux.