How are cases of TR?

• In at least 80% of cases, TR is secondary to marked dilation of the tricuspid annulus from RV enlargement due to PA hypertension • The incompetent tricuspid valve allows blood to flow backward from the RV into the RA • Significant degrees of TR will lead to RA enlarge ment and elevation of the RA and jugular venous pressures • Fatigue and exertional dyspnea owing to reduced forward CO are early symptoms of isolated, severe TR • The disease progresses and RV function declines : • cervical pulsations, abdominal full ness/bloating， diminished appetite, and muscle wasting, although with progressive weight gain and painful swelling of the lower extremities • Tricuspid valve surgery is most often comprises repair rather than replacement