How is self-sufficiency in growth signals in cancerous cells?

Proto-ocnogenes (normal cell genes, promote cell proliferation) Oncogenes (overexpressed proto-oncogenes, no need for growth signals) Oncoproteins (uncontrolled cell proliferation, express growth factors and its receptor (autocrine), encode TK, amplify EGF (HER2 in breast cancer), block hydrolysis of GTP unchecked signal (RAS), transcription factors unregulated, translocated MYC in lymphoma, mutation of cyclin genes uncontrolled cell cycle progress seen in melanoma, brain, lung, pancreatic cancer)