How is pathophysiology of COPD?

Structural changes in both large and small airways and parenchyma, inflammation of submucosal glands and hyperplasia of goblet cells (chronic sputum production) Airway remodeling and emphysema (poorly reversible airflow obstruction) Smooth muscle contraction, airway inflammation, mucus accumulation and plasma exudate (reversible airflow limitation) Most charcateristic COPD change is airway narrowing (inflammation by cigarette smoking repeated cycle of injury and repair of peripheral airways, thus emphysema , and loss of elastic recoil of lung, poor expiration and airflow obstruction) (emphysema is broken alveolar walls attachements)