How do you say Đối chiếu, nhìn nhận,... in English?

Refer to - verb. (I realised Doug was in charge when one of the others referred to him as ‘the boss'. The term "climate change" refers to the long-term changes in the Earth's climate. The instructions refer to the proper use and maintenance of the equipment. The map refers to the different landmarks and attractions in the city. The report refers to the company's financial performance over the past year.)