Common Substances Abused During Pregnancy: -Derived from Erythroxylum coca, a plant grown almost exclusively in South America. -Can be detected by urine analysis -Absorbed across the mucous membranes to affect the central nervous system. Thus, vasoconstriction occurs which will result to respiratory and cardiac rates and increase blood pressure or worse, death from cardiac failure -exceptionally harmful during pregnancy because the extreme vasoconstriction can severely compromise placental circulation = premature separation of placenta = preterm labor or fetal death.