How are minerals taken up in plants?

1) fertile soil has negatively charged clay particles for cations to attach to 2) passively diffuses into the roots 3) indirect active transport = H+ ions are released by proton pumps in the roots 4) these ions displace the positive ions from the clay = diffuse into the root along a gradient 5) anions can bind to the H+ ions and be reabsorbed with the proton