In the context of the United States, discuss how young children experience collective self-esteem.

Even very young children know they are members of an ethnic minority, and research dating back nearly 80 years indicates that children who are members of cultural minorities such as African Americans (Clark & Clark, 1939), Mexican Americans (Weiland & Coughlin, 1979), and Chinese Americans (Aboud & Skerry, 1985) evaluate their ethnic reference groups as LESS WORTHY than the White majority. As children who are in ethnic minority groups develop, they become increasingly aware of problems with inequality and discrimination (Brittian et al., 2013 Coker et al., 2009). These problems are especially acute for recent immigrants, who also face language barriers (Click & Bates, 2010; Hernandez, Denton, & Macartney, 2010).