| The gray matter of the thalamus is divided internally by laminae of white matter into many separate nuclei. The thalamic nuclei are functionally divided into two groups: | Specific and non-specific. |
| The 3 Specific nuclei groups are what?
i.e. receive well defined afferents and project to
specific areas in the cerebral cortex and they include: | - Anterior nuclei.
- Medial nuclei.
- Lateral nuclei (dorsal lateral + ventral lateral). |
| The 3 Non-specific nuclei groups are each named what?
i.e. receive input mainly from Reticular Activating System (RAS), and
project diffusely to all parts of the neocortex and they
include: | Intraliminar Nuclei
Midline Nuclei
Reticular Nuclei |
| What are the 4 general functions of the Thalamus? | Sensory functions,
Motor Functions
Integral Functions
Arousal Functions (wakefulness) |
| Why is the Thalamus considered a "relay station". | Because sensory information goes to the Thalumus before being relayed to the proper part of the brain.
i.e.) optic information coming from the optic fibers going to the thalamus, before going to the visual cortex for processing. |
| What are the three sensory functions of the Thalamus? | - Relay Station
- Gating (keeping) of the ascending sensory information ("population control" to prevent sensory over-stimulation)
- Sensory center (reacts to skin touch reception - responsive only to strong rather crude stimuli, like heat, cold and pain) |
| What are 2 of the 4 primary jobs of the limbic system? | Emotions (feelings and responsive actions)
Motivation (to achieve a certain goal)
Learning
Memory |
| What does the "Association and Integral Function" job of the Thalamus actually mean in terms of the Thalum's job? What is this function? | This function is the integrating of visceral and somatic responses caused via emotional response to a stimulus.
It also helps file and decode memories (makes sense because strong memories often have emotional connections).
i.e. the common figurative sayings of having "butterflies in your stomach" or "feeling your stomach drop". |
| True or false: the "arousal" function of the Thalamus is in regards to sexual arousal. | False. It regards "wakefulness". |
| Papez circuit have prolonged after discharge ® allows the various component of the limbic sysem to co-ordinate various aspects of _______, ______ and hormonal responses that associate the emotional reaction. | somatic, autonomic |
| Role of limbic system in motivation and emotional behavior:
The limbic system regulates patterns of behavior related to the 4 following physiological functions: | Control of the feeding behaviour:
Fear and rage reactions
Sexual behavior and (desire for) reproduction:
Punishment and reward response
(Role (importance) of reward and) punishment in memory & learning
Olfaction (differentiation smells, and their connection to memory, too) |
| A closed circuit called ______ circuit connects the thalamus and
hypothalamus with the limbic system | Papez |
| A closed circuit called Papez circuit connects the thalamus and
hypothalamus with the ______ _______. | limbic system |
| Connection of limbic system with the neocortex enables the neocortex to modify the ________ behavior. | emotional |
| Papez circuit have prolonged after discharge >>>> allows the various component of the limbic ssystem to _________ various aspects of somatic, autonomic and hormonal responses that associate the ________ reaction. | co-ordinate, emotional |
| Connection of ______ ______ with the ________ enables the neocortex to modify the emotional behavior. | limbic system, neocortex |
| Connection of limbic system with the neocortex enables the neocortex to modify the ______ _______. | emotional behavior |
| Fill in the blanks | 1. Cingulate Gyrus, 2.Hippocampus |
| Fill in the blanks | 1. Mamillary Bodies, 2. Anterior Thalmic Nuclei |
| Limbic system is primarily concerned with emotions, motivation, and emotional behavior and plays an essential role in _______ and ________ | Learning, Memory |
| Emotions are complex feeling states having two components: | Sensory Component, and Behaviour/Physical Component |
| means the desire or drive for a particular behavior to achieve certain goal. | Motivation |
| behaviour that refers to the internal and external responses which participate in the physiological functions aiming in maintaining the survival of the individual and preservation of species. | Emotional Behaviour |
| Regarding Feeding behaviours, this is one of the functions of the amygdaloid nuclei | Recognizing edible food and chewing motions |
| Many limbic centers especially the amygdala, evoke protective | Emotional Reactions |
| The __________ plays a control role on the onset of puberty as well as it contains sensory neurons that respond to gonadal hormones | Hypothalamus |
| There are 2 mechanisms in the hypothalamus and limbic systems -emotional state is determined by the balance between the two systems. What are the two systems? | Reward System, Punishment System |
| What happens if and event causes NEITHER a reward nor punishment experience? | It is not registered to long-term memory; the event cannot be easily remembered |
| The limbic system differentiates the sensory signals into significant ones which are _________ and insignificant ones which are ignored. | remembered |
| True or false:
Olfaction in the limbic system is only about the stimulus of smell receptors, and a different system is in charge of discerning and remembering smells. | False. The limbic system is concerned with perception and discrimination of different odours. It stores the olfactory memories and controls the emotional responses to olfactory stimuli. |
