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level: Rheumatology 5 - Lecture 8

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Rheumatology 5 - Lecture 8

Question	Answer
Sjögren's Syndrome is an auto-immine disorder	Sjögren's Syndrome is a cancer, auto-immune disorder, disease or congenital disorder?
lymphocytic infiltration of salivary and lachrymalglands (tear ducts) , leading to glandular fibrosis (scarring) and exocrine failure (horomones and glands).	What is the pathology of Sjögren's Syndrome?
EYE: keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes; tear duct failure), conjunctivitis (sore eyeballs), Blepharitis (swollen eye lids) MOUTH: Dry mouth/Xerostomia OTHER: Non-Erosive Artheritis (lack of lubrication???)	What are the clinical symptoms of Sjögren's Syndrome?
Inflamation of skeletal muscles.	What is Polymyositis?
It is Polymyositis with skin involvement. Causes skin lesions.	What is Dermatomyositis?
Proximal Muscle Weakness. Eyelids: Scaley rash and violet discolouration	What are the clinical features of Polymyositis?
Presents with synovitis, oedema/swelling of the hands, Raynaud's Phenominon and muscle weakness.	Mixed Connective Tissue Disease presents with what?
________ is reduced bone density, which causes a microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue and leads to an increased risk of fracture. It causes excellerated bone density loss.	What is osteoporosis?
Forearm, hip, spine	In osteoporosis, where are some of the most common areas to fracture?
Heavy alchohol use and ANY smoking. Calcium and excersize during growth and adolescence also reduces the risks.	What can be done to reduce the likelihood and/or severity of osteoporosis?
Fractures.	Complete the sentence in regards to Osteoporosis: "The aim of treatment is to reduce the risk of _______".
Vitamine D is the most important, before Calcium. Vitamine D promotes calcium absorption.	Someone with osteoparosis should have a high intake of what (non-prescription)?
This makes bones fragile. A defective mineralisation of bone due to vitamin D deficiency, resistance to the effects of vitamin D or hypophosphataemia (low phosphate levels in blood).	Osteomalacia/Rickets are caused by
Rickets effects children, osteomalacia is developed only in adults.	Which ones effects children: Rickets or Osteomalacia?
Focal areas of increased and disorganised bone formation, poor bone resorption, and increase bone vascularity. It mostly affects the axial skeleton ( pelvis, femur, tibia, lumbar spine, skull and scapula).	What is Paget's Diease?
The classic presentation is with bone pain, deformity, deafness and pathological fractures. Often asymptomatic.	Paget's Disease's clinical features (can be judged by patient).
A gradual onset of severe pain, swelling and local tenderness, usually affecting a limb extremity. It is characterised by localised osteoporosis and evidence of regional autonomic dysfunction, such as abnormal sweating, colour and temperature change.	Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is what?