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level: Physiology #6 Motor Areas

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Physiology #6 Motor Areas

Question	Answer
Upper motor neurons	_________ whose cell bodies lie in the higher motor centers in the BRAIN AND BRAIN STEM, and their axons constitute the descending motor pathways.
Lower motor neurons	_________________ whose cell bodies lie in the SPINAL VENTRAL HORNS or the corresponding cranial motor nuclei , and include both ALPHA-and GAMMA-MNs . Axons of the lower motor neurons proceed through the peripheral somatic nerves to innervate skeletal muscles
Pecentral gyrus of the frontal lobe, and corresponds to Brodmann’s area 4	The Primary Motor Area's Location
Somatotopic	The Primary Motor Area in the brain is organized in a __________ manner with the feet at the upper medial region of the gyrus and the face at the lower lateral region.
So, muscles of hands and tongue occupies 50% of this area because of their....	Area of representation is proportional with the COMPLEXITY of function done by the muscle. So what part of the body would require the most "CPU power".
Sensory feed-back input from the muscle and joint proprioceptors to provide information about the actual motor performance	Thalamus & Somatic Sensory Area (Afferent)
Of the same side providing higher control of its activity.	The premotor & supplemental motor (Afferent)
Regulate and coordinate its motor activity.	The basal ganglia & cerebellum (Afferent)
providing it with information about the spatial relations of the body to the external environment	The visual & auditory cortices
appropriate course of motor action suitable with the surrounding environment.	The prefrontal area
coordinating bilateral motor activities performed by both sides of the body	6) The motor areas of the opposite hemisphere
establishes pathways between the motor cortex and the cerebellum for coordination and regulation of movements.	Cerebellum
1) discharges the descending motor commands that produce voluntary movements. It controls mainly the distal muscles. 2) facilitatory to the tone of distal muscles, particularly flexor muscles.	Primary Motor Area's Purpose in Movement: (2 answers)
#6	Premotor Area Location:
#4	Primary Motor Area Location
- With the Cerebellum - With the Basal Ganglia - Contributes to cortico-bulbo-spinal tract.	Premotor Area Neural Area connects with the Primary & supplemental motor areas: (3)
- Enhancing the primary motor area to commence its activity. - Posture with voluntary movements - Establishing "programs" for complex movements - Automatic associative movements which occur at subconscious level; as swinging of arms during walking. - Muscle Tone - Grasp Reflex - Autonomic Activity (heart rate, blood pressure) - Controls voluntary movements of the eyes and directs head towards them	Premotor Area Controls: (8)
#4 (specifically above #6)	Supplimental Motor Area
i) It has connections with the primary motor and premotor areas. ii) It has connections with basal ganglia and cerebellum. iii) It contributes to the Cerebral Spinal tract.	Supplimental Motor Area Neural Connections (3)
1) It evokes complex movements which often involve both sides of the body e.g.: causing both hands to perform a motor act together. 2) It functions with the premotor area in providing suitable background for the performance of the fine skilled movements by hands and fingers that are mediated by the C.B.S tract. 3) It shares in the planning and programming of the complex movements with area 6 (premotor area).	Supplimental Motor Area's Role in Movement