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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
outter component of the kidney	the cortex
the inner component to the kidneys. contains renal pyramids. these contain microscopic collecting tubules and blood cappilaries	the medulla
1. peristaltic contractions 2. hydrostatic pressure 3. gravity	movement of urine
the amount of filtrate formed by both kidneys per minute	glomerular filtration rate
high levels means the kidney is failing to secrete this electrolyte	electrolytes
the kidneys eliminate waste, but you can look at what is and isn't being wasted to asses the renal functions	waste products
water and small dissolving solutes move from the glomerular into the glomerular capsule. the little round part of the nephron	glomerular filtration
the process of returning important substances from the filtrate back to the blood	tubular reabsorption
the process of removing waste material from the blood to the filtrate	tubular secretion
measurement of the kidneys ability to reabsorb a particular substance from the filtrate	renal threshold
is released in responce to hypoxaemia. plays an important role in production of red blood cells	erythropoietin
active form of vitamin D, helps promote absorption of calcium in food	calcitriol
released from cells in afferent arterioles when blood pressure dropds	renin
cascade that activates other hormones to conserve water and increase blood pressure in response to low blood pressure	renin- angiotensin- aldosterone system (RAAS)
triggered via RAAS pathway, works on nephrons to increase tubular reabsorption of NA+ and therefore water by osmosis. urine production decreases	aldosterone
increases water permeability in nephron to reabsorb more water into blood. urine production decreases	antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
sudden or large increase in BP stretches atria causing ANP to be released into circulation. urine production increases	atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)