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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
the three E's	engineering
the three E's: engineering	infrastructure (signage, traffic lights, speed bumps)
the three E's: enforcement	individual (speeding, mobile phone use, drink driving)
the three E's: education	educating the driver (getting license)
the many E's	economics
systems theory	systems are viewed as a whole
human factors	physical
risk management framework	international committees
organisations that cross country boundaries, independent of government	international committees
independent of government and oversee polices and directives	national committees
body that runs the country and the associated departments that define the laws relating to that country	central government
implement and enforce laws and carry out functions of central government	regulators and associations
implement the functions and services of level above them	resource providers
potential users of road safety system	end users
external and physical factors that impact the system	equipment and environment
road transport as a sociotechnical system	systems are a mix of social and technical
the use or introduction of technology to operate control systems	automation
out of the loop	automated systems can impose mental underload
more sophisticated the automation, the more critical any human involvement becomes	automation paradox
task demands are not reduced, but the nature of them changed	susbstituition myth
ironies of automation	manual control skills
automation means operators cannot carry out manual control skills and these skills deteriorate but needed when automation fails.	manual control skills
operators do not develop the underlying knowledge because they become detached from the process they are trying the control.	cognitive skills
vigilance issues associated with being under-loaded because of automated systems and automated systems process information faster than humans.	monitoring