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level: Mycology

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Mycology

Question	Answer
about 50% of all named & 80% of medically important fungi	ascomycetes
Sporothrix schenckii	What is a BSL 2 fungus?
the fungus Coccidioides	Valley fever is caused by?
c. immitis	What is the most dangerous fungus on the planet?
1. Microsporum (hair and skin, rarely nail) 2. Trychophyton (hair, skin and nail) 3. Epidermophyton (only1 fungus, invades nail and skin not hair!)	What are the 3 genera of dermatophytes?
Blood and serum - blood culture (- mannan/anti-mannan) (- beta-D-glucan) Tissue - direct microscopy and histopathology - culture	Essential tests
aspergillus	Galactomannan is limited to one species, which one?
Extremely sensitive to the polysaccharide (1,3)-beta-D-glucan Pan-fungal (Temperamental, many false +ves) Non specific (90% sensitivity, 100% specificity) Expensive	Pros and cons of beta-D-Glucan:
a potent carcinogen from the fungus Aspergillus; can be produced and stored for use as a bioweapon is a frequent contaminant of peanuts, corn, grains,	Aflatoxin
Toxicity and carcinogenesis [Liver- hepatocellular] Acute: death in human and animals	mycotoxicosis
The liver is the primary target	turkey x disease
Produced by: Penicillium (P. camemberti) and Aspergillus (A. oryzae) Wheat, oats, rye, corn, barley & rice	Citrinin Yellow rice disease
Produced by claviceps (plant pathogens) Such as the hallucinogenic Lycergic Acid Diethylamide	Ergol alkaloids (LSD)
Produced by: corn pathogen Fusarium moniliforme Neural tube defects in vivo 2B carcinogens [probable by the IARC]	fumonisins
Produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium Causes Balkan Endemic Nephropathy (Chronic progressive nephritis [Danube River Countries]; plus renal tumors)	ochratoxins
idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage in infants (first borne curse) sick building syndrome (SBS) due to s.chartarum	stachybotryotoxicosis
Red mould disease Fungus: Fusarium spp.	Akakabi-byo
Fungus: Fusarium moniliforme Toxin: fumonisins Clinical presentation: Dysphagia, pain, haemorrhage	oesophageal cancer
Fungi: Aspergillus flavus & A. parasiticus Toxin: Aflatoxins Clinical presentation: Acute and chronic hepatitis, liver failure	Hepatitis and hepatic cancer
Fungus: Fusarium spp. Toxin: Fusarium metabolites Clinical presentation: Thrombocytopenia, purpura	onyalai disease