| Produced by specialized cells ( eg. Insulin) systemic | Endocrine Hormones |
| A localized hormone (site of release is near the site of action produced by virtually cells | Autacoids |
| Autacoids include | BESH , histamine. 5HT, eicosanoids, bradykinin |
| Histamine located in | Mast cells , basophils, stomach, CNS, ECL cells |
| Enzyme used to histidine convered to histamine | L- histidine decarboxylase |
| What histamine receptor that cause vasodilation in vascular smooth muscle which leads to decrease in BP that causes anaphylactic shock | H1 receptor |
| What histamine receptor that secretes HCl production in parietal cells | H2 receptor |
| What histamine receptor responsible in indothelial cells contraction which leads to localized edema | H1 receptor |
| What is the triple reponse of lewis in H1 receptor | Flush, flare, wheal |
| What do you call the redness around the flush or erythema in interdermal histamine | Flare |
| It is a localized spot/ red duct in interdermal histamine | Flush |
| A receptor of histamine that inhibits the further release of H in the presynaptic CNS and it is commonly known as autoregulation. | H3 receptor |
| What histamine receptor that increases the degranulation of H in mast cells & basophils thus therr is exocytosis happening. | H2 receptor |
| majors function is to increase HCl secretion | HIPS ,hydralazine,IF(b12 abs), parietal cells |
| Effects of H1 receptor includes | Bronchoconstriction & pain & itchness |
| Its no longer clinically used but it is used before as pulmonary challenge test & determination of adequancy of HCl | Histamine |
| It is an H1 agonist and H3 agonist that is used in the management of endolymph associated with vertigo | Betahistine |
| What disease called fluid in the inner ear or endolymph | Minierres Disease |
| The new drug used for diagnosis of Bronchial asthma which is a pulmonary challenge test | methacholine |
| Histamine with Epinephrine is what type of antagonist | Functional /physiologic |
| Epinephrine includes what receptor | Alpha 1 (vasoconstriction)& beta 2 (bronchodilation) |
| Epinephrine indication | Tx of anaphylaxis |
| What are the types under pharmacologic antagonist / antihistamine | H1 antihistamine/ anti- allergy and h2 antihistamine |
| It is the most sedating antihistamine & powerful anticholinergics | 1st Gen /classical |
| Drugs under 1st Gen that is ethanolamines | Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, carbinoxamine, doxylamine |
| It is the most sedating & most effective in 1st Gen | Ethanolamines |
| DOC for acute dystonic crisis( twisting if neck) | Diphenhydramine |
| The salt form of diphenhydramine | Dimenhydrinate |
| The generic name of Unisom (R) tablets which is use as sleeping aid | Doxylamine |
| ethylenediamine in 1st Gen anti histamine includes | Pyrilamine , tripenelamine, |
| 1st Gen piperazine that is used in motion sickness | Hydroxyzine, meclizine, cyclizine |
| Under Piperazine, it is a Prodrug of cetirizine which is known as Iterax (R) | Hydroxyzine |
| 1st Gen alkylamine that is used in components of cold preparation such as neozep(R) | Chlorpheneramine, brompheneramine |
| The only drug under1st Gen in Phenothiazines which is used for anesthetic adjunct for pre-operative sedation it is commonly known as phenergan (R) | Promethazine |
| The only piperidine drug under 1st Gen which is used in the Mgt of serotonin syndrome (antiserotoninergic) or hyperthermic disorder | Cyroheptadine |
| Less sedating antihistamine under 2nd Gen piperazine | Cetirizine, levocetirizine |
| It is useful for pilots drivers, machine operators because it is True non sedating antihistamine in 2nd Gen piperidine . It is contraindicated to patients with BPH & glaucoma drug includes | Loratadine, desloratadine, fexofenadine |
| What generation of antihistamine which adverse effect is sedation & anticholinergics | 1st Gen |
| What generation of antihistamine which adverse effect is cardiotoxicity | 2nd gen |
| It is the less potent in H2 antagonist | Cimetidine |
| Famotidine | Most potent |
| Indication of H2 antihistamine includes | Mgt of acid peptic disease, mgt of acute GERD, adjuncts in Mgt of allergic rxn |
| 1st line in management of acid peptic disease which is taken in IV | PPI (90-98% reduction) while H2 inh is (60-70%) |
| H2 antihistamine includes | Cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine, nizatidine |
| It is anti-androgenic drug and also an enzyme inhibitor which is toxic to other drugs | Cimetidine |
| Cimetidine as anti-androgenic drug causes | galactorrhea gynecomastia, loss of libido or infertility |
| A hormone that is located in enterochromaffin cells, platelets,thrombocytes, stomach,CNS,brain | serotonin |
| Enterochromaffin cells also known as | Kolchitzky cells (SI: >90%) |
| precursor of serotonin | L-tryptophan |
| Serotonin also known as | 5-hydroxyhyptamine or 5HT |
| Enzymes used in serotonin | Hydroxylase, decarboxylase |
| Central effects of serotonin. What does serotonin regulate ? | Mood, temp, BP & emesis |
| Peripheral effects of serotonin in Blood vessels but not in coronary arteries and skeletal muscles | Vasoconstriction |
| Serotonin effects include platelet aggegation or clotting that means its a | Pro-aggregant |
| Other effects of serotonin includes | Peristalsis,oxytosis |
| It is a receptor that inhibits further release of serotonin in presynaptic receptor in the CNS | 5-HT1A |
| It is a partial agonist used us anxiolytic which falls under 5-HT1A | Buspirone |
| It is an agonist which cause vasoconstriction the reason why it is contraindicated to patients with Hypertension but its therapeutic use as management of migraine | Triptans |
| Triptans drugs such as somatriptan,naratriptan zolmitriptan is what type of receptor ? | 5HT1B/1D |
| A receptor of serotonin responsible for smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels, uterus & bronchi | 5HT2A/2B |
| An agonist 5-HT2A2B drug that has additional toxicity in retroperitoneal fibrosis | Ergot derivatives |
| 5-HT2A2B agonist drug and an ergot derivatives that is vasoselective | Ergotamine |
| 5-HT2A2B agonist drug and an ergot derivatives that is uteroselective drug used as a treatment for postpartum bleeding and used in acute migraine headache | Ergometrine,ergonovine |
| 5-HT2A2B agonist drug and an ergot derivatives which is withdrawn in the market because it induced abortion | Methysergide |
| 5-HT2A2B Antagonist drug that is used as antihypertension | ketanserin |
| 5-HT2A2B Antagonist drug that is used as prophylaxis of migraine | Methysergine |
| It is a centrally acting serotonin receptor that is known as chemoreceptor trigger zone which causes emesis | 5-HT3 receptor |
| It is an 5-HT3 antagonist that is used in the prevention or treatment to chemotheraphy induced Nausea & vomiting therefore it is a Rescue drugs | Setron drugs |
| Setron drugs include ondansetron, granisetron, palonesetron. Which among the 3 is used in single IV dose for 5 days | Palonesetron |
| What receptor of serotonin that its effect is located in GIT tract and cause peristalsis | 5-HT4 receptor |
| It is a partial agonist 5HT4 drug which is used in the Management of irritable bowel syndrome with predominant syndrome. | Cisapride,tegaserol |
| It is a full agonist 5HT4 drug that is used in the management of chronic constipation | Prucalopride |
| Compounds derivative from amino acid | Eicosanoids |
| In biosynthesis primary source of eicosanoids | Phospholipids |
