| What type of government replaced the Shah’s monarchy after the revolution? | An Islamic Republic led by Ayatollah Khomeini |
| What concept granted the Supreme Leader ultimate authority in Iran’s new constitution? | Velayat-e Faqih (Guardianship of the Jurist) |
| What military institution was created to protect the Islamic regime? | The Revolutionary Guard (IRGC) |
| How did the revolution change women’s rights? | Restrictions were imposed on dress, education, and public roles |
| What was the economic impact of the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988)? | It devastated infrastructure, drained resources, and slowed economic recovery |
| How did education change under the new Islamic Republic? | Schools and universities were Islamised, focusing on religious studies and revolutionary ideals |
| What happened to political opposition after the revolution? | Opposition groups, including leftists and liberals, were suppressed |
| How did Iran’s economy change under the new regime? | Industries were nationalized, and wealth was redistributed through welfare programs |
| What event symbolized Iran’s break with the U.S. after the revolution? | The 1979 hostage crisis at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran |
| How did Iran position itself in global politics after the revolution? | As a leader of resistance against Western and Soviet domination, aligning with the Non-Aligned Movement |
| Why did Iran’s promotion of political Islam create tensions in the Middle East? | It inspired Islamist movements and raised fears of Shia uprisings in Sunni-majority states |
| How did Iran’s relations with Sunni-majority states, like Saudi Arabia, change after the revolution? | Sectarian tensions increased, deepening the Sunni-Shia divide |
| What war did Iran fight against a neighboring country between 1980 and 1988? | The Iran-Iraq War against Saddam Hussein’s Iraq |
| How did Iran’s anti-Western stance affect its international relations? | It faced sanctions and diplomatic isolation, especially from the U.S. |
| Which group in Lebanon received Iranian support as part of its regional influence strategy? | Hezbollah |
| How has Iran’s involvement in conflicts like Syria, Yemen, and Iraq reshaped regional power dynamics? | By supporting militias and shifting the balance of power in the Middle East |
| What model of governance did Iran promote after the 1979 revolution? | Political Islam, where Islamic principles guide state policy |
| What key ideological goal did Iran pursue after the revolution? | Exporting the revolution by supporting Islamist movements and resisting Western influence |
| What concept did Iran present as a model for other Muslim nations? | Velayat-e Faqih (Guardianship of the Jurist) |
| How did Iran justify its revolutionary outreach to other nations? | By positioning itself as a leader of an "Islamic awakening" and supporting the oppressed (mustazafin) |
| Why did Iran support the formation of Hezbollah in 1982? | To resist the Israeli invasion of Lebanon and promote Iran’s revolutionary principles |
| How did Iran support Hezbollah’s development? | By providing financial aid, arms, and training through the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) |
| Why did Iran cultivate ties with Shia movements in Iraq during Saddam Hussein's rule? | To support marginalized Shia communities and strengthen political and religious connections |
| How did Iran’s promotion of political Islam contribute to the Iran-Iraq War? | Iran’s calls for Shia uprisings in Iraq partly influenced Saddam Hussein’s decision to invade Iran |
| How did Iran’s revolutionary rhetoric influence Shia-majority Bahrain and Saudi Arabia’s Eastern Province? | It inspired protests and uprisings demanding political reform, especially among Shia populations |
| Why did Saudi Arabia view Iran’s promotion of Political Islam as a threat? | Because it exacerbated tensions and threatened the stability and influence of Sunni-led Gulf monarchies |
