| What year did Yasser Arafat co-found Fatah, and what was its primary goal? | Yasser Arafat co-founded Fatah in 1959, with the primary goal of liberating Palestine from Israeli control. |
| What was Fatah's first military operation, and when did it take place? | Fatah's first military operation against Israel took place in 1965. |
| How did the outcome of the Six-Day War in 1967 impact Fatah and Arafat’s popularity? | The defeat of Arab states in the Six-Day War and the Israeli occupation of the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem galvanized the Palestinian cause, boosting Fatah’s popularity. |
| What was the significance of the Battle of Karameh in 1968 for Fatah and Arafat? | The Battle of Karameh in 1968 boosted Fatah’s credibility among Palestinians, even though Israel won the battle, as it showcased Fatah’s resistance. |
| In 1969, what leadership role did Arafat take within the PLO? | In 1969, Arafat became Chairman of the PLO, transforming it into an independent, Palestinian-led movement. |
| What event in 1970 led to Arafat and the PLO relocating to Lebanon? | The "Black September" conflict in 1970, where the Jordanian government cracked down on Palestinian militias, led to Arafat and the PLO relocating to Lebanon. |
| In 1974, what recognition did the PLO receive from the Arab League? | The PLO was recognized by the Arab League as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. |
| What famous declaration did Arafat make during his speech at the United Nations in 1974? | Arafat famously declared, “I come bearing an olive branch and a freedom fighter’s gun.” |
| What role did the PLO play in the Lebanese Civil War between 1975-1982? | During the Lebanese Civil War, the PLO used southern Lebanon as a base for attacks against Israel. |
| How did Arafat’s leadership during the Lebanese Civil War lead to growing international criticism? | Arafat’s leadership during the Lebanese Civil War saw increasing militarization, which led to growing international criticism of the PLO’s operations. |
| In 1982, why did Arafat and the PLO relocate to Tunisia? | In 1982, after Israel invaded Lebanon, Arafat and the PLO were forced to evacuate Beirut and relocate to Tunisia. |
| What event in 1987 led to a shift in Palestinian resistance under Arafat’s leadership? | In 1987, the First Intifada (Palestinian uprising) began, marking a shift from external military action to grassroots resistance within Palestine. |
| What significant recognition did the PLO achieve under Arafat in 1988? | In 1988, the PLO, under Arafat’s leadership, recognized Israel’s right to exist in exchange for Palestinian self-determination. |
| In 1991, what international event did Arafat represent the PLO at? | Arafat represented the PLO at the Madrid Conference, a U.S.-led effort to initiate Israeli-Palestinian peace talks. |
| What major peace agreement did Arafat play a central role in during 1993? | In 1993, Arafat played a central role in the Oslo Accords, establishing a framework for limited Palestinian self-rule in Gaza and parts of the West Bank. |
| What notable event occurred in 1994, following the Oslo Accords? | In 1994, Arafat returned to Gaza for the first time in decades to lead the newly established Palestinian Authority and shared the Nobel Peace Prize with Rabin and Peres. |
| What challenges did Arafat face with the Oslo II Accord in 1995? | The Oslo II Accord, signed in 1995, expanded Palestinian self-rule but faced growing opposition from both Israelis and Palestinians, including militant groups like Hamas. |
| What event in 2000 led to the decline of the peace process under Arafat’s leadership? | The failure of the Camp David Summit in 2000 and the eruption of the Second Intifada marked a sharp decline in the peace process under Arafat’s leadership. |
