| When did the British mandate over Palestine officially end? | Midnight, May 14, 1948. |
| What was the Balfour Declaration? | A British announcement in 1917 to facilitate the "establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people." |
| What was the Peel Commission's recommendation in 1936? | The partition of Palestine between Arabs and Jews. |
| Why did the British hand over the Palestine issue to the United Nations? | They concluded they could no longer manage Palestine due to escalating conflict. |
| Who proclaimed the creation of the State of Israel, and when? | David Ben-Gurion on May 14, 1948. |
| Which organizations smuggled Jews into Palestine and fought against the British? | The Jewish Agency, the Haganah, Irgun, and Lehi. |
| What challenges did the new State of Israel face after its creation? | Fighting a war of survival with Arab states and absorbing penniless refugees requiring health, social services, and acculturation. |
| What did the Balfour Declaration of 1917 allow for? | The creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine (Zionism). |
| Which two countries were given mandates in the Middle East after World War I? | Britain and France. |
| What territories did Britain receive as mandates after World War I? | Palestine, Transjordan, and Iraq. |
| What territories did France receive as mandates after World War I? | Syria and Lebanon. |
| What long-term factor contributed to tensions in the Middle East due to divisions within the Arab world? | Lack of Arab unity. |
| Why was the Middle East considered strategically important? | Due to its location and control over vital trade routes and resources like oil. |
| What movement supported the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine? | The Zionist movement. |
| When did the Zionist movement begin, and what was its goal? | In the 19th century, to support the establishment of a Jewish state in the historical land of Israel. |
| What did the Balfour Declaration of 1917 promise? | t supported the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine. |
| Which organization confirmed the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine in 1922? | The League of Nations. |
| What event in 1921 led to a temporary stop to Jewish immigration? | The Arab-Jewish riots in Jaffa. |
| How many Jews were living in Palestine between 1919 and 1929? | The number increased from 60,000 to 160,000. |
| How did Nazi anti-Semitism influence Jewish immigration to Palestine? | By 1939, approximately 450,000 Jews had migrated to Palestine, partly due to Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933. |
| What was the Arab Rebellion of 1936-39, and who led it? | It was a series of strikes and attacks led by the Arab Higher Committee against Jewish settlements and British forces. |
| What did the British propose in their 1937 partition plan? | The creation of separate Jewish and Palestinian states. |
| What was the Government White Paper of 1939? | It limited Jewish migration to 75,000 over five years and proposed a Palestinian state with joint Jewish/Arab control. |
| How did the Jewish Agency contribute to the Jewish community during this period? | It provided effective leadership for the Jewish minority. |
| Why was the British government caught in a difficult position during this time? | They faced possible Arab violence and accusations from the Jewish community. |
| What was a key factor in the failure of Arab resistance during this period? | Divided Arab leadership, despite the creation of the Arab Higher Committee in 1936. |
