| What was the key belief during the first phase of appeasement (1920-1937)? | War needed to be avoided at all possible cost. |
| What was the focus of Neville Chamberlain’s foreign policy during the second phase of appeasement (1937-1939)? | Negotiating with aggressive states to maintain peace by addressing reasonable demands. |
| Which statement is an example of an interpretation of appeasement? | It was a complete failure because war was not avoided. |
| Which statement is another example of an interpretation of appeasement? | Appeasement bought time for Britain (and France) to re-arm and prepare for war. |
| Fait accomplis | something that has already happened or been done and cannot be changed. |
| Lebensraum | ‘living space’ |
| Volksdeutsche | People of the German race |
| Anschluss | Uniting Germany with Austria - Union |
| Bolshevism | Another name for Communism, a system of government in which everyone is considered equal |
| Adolf Hitler promised to reduce the number of people who were unemployed in Germany | True |
| Adolf Hitler promised to increase the number of people who were unemployed in Germany | False |
| How many people were unemployed in Germany prior to the 1933 Reichstag Elections | 30% - 6 million people |
| Who was Britain’s prime minister from 1937 to 1940? | Neville Chamberlain |
| Why did some British people support Germany reclaiming what it had lost? | They believed the Treaty of Versailles was too harsh and wanted Germany to become strong to counter the Communist USSR and France. |
| Why didn’t France act when Germany re-occupied the Rhineland? | France was between governments, had weakened forces near the Rhineland, and thought Germany’s army was larger than it was. |
| What was the Hoare-Laval Fiasco? | An attempt by Britain and France to appease Mussolini by offering him land in Abyssinia, which led to a deeply unpopular outcome and the fall of the French government. |
| What defensive strategy did France rely on instead of attacking Germany? | The Maginot Line of fortifications on the Franco-German border. |
| Why did Hitler want to destroy Communism? | He believed Communism, developed by a Jewish man (Karl Marx), would destroy Germany and linked it to his hatred of Jews. |
| When was the USSR allowed to join the League of Nations? | 1934 |
| In which year did the USSR and France sign a treaty of mutual assistance? (aimed against Germany) | 1935 |
| When did Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) come to power? | 1932 |
| What foreign policy did America follow throughout the 1920s and 1930s? | Isolationism |
| What was FDR's focus after the Wall Street Crash (1929)? | Creating jobs for Americans due to 25 percent unemployment. |
| What did a 1934 poll reveal about American public opinion on the First World War? | 70% of Americans felt the USA should never have gotten involved and should stay out of any future war. |
| What promise did FDR make in the 1936 election? | To keep America out of any war in Europe. |
| What did the US government do after FDR's attempt to get Hitler to stop invading countries failed? | Watched events unfold and quietly started preparing its armed forces. |
| What did Hitler do after becoming chancellor in 1933? | He immediately started testing the Treaty of Versailles. |
| What happened on March 16 1935? | Hitler revealed that Germany had begun to construct an air force, and unveiled plans to reinstitute conscription and create a German army of more than half a million men. |
| What did Hitler propose during the League of Nations Disarmament Conference? | He said he would disarm if every other nation did too or wanted an army equal to France's. |
| Why did Hitler storm out of the Disarmament Conference (October 23, 1933)? | France refused to cooperate, and he claimed they were being unreasonable. |
| When was the referendum on withdrawing from the League of Nations held in Germany? | 12 November 1933 |
| What percentage of German voters approved the measure to withdraw from the League of Nations? | 95.1% |
| Why were many Austrians and Germans outraged by the Treaty of Versailles? | It forbade Anschluss (union) between Austria and Germany. |
| What did Hitler do in response to Austrian Chancellor Dollfuss banning the Nazi Party in Austria? | He told Austrian Nazis to create havoc, which led to the murder of Dollfuss. |
| Why did Hitler’s 1934 attempt at Anschluss fail? | The Austrian army supported the government, and Mussolini moved troops to the Austrian border, promising to stop Hitler. |
| What was the Saar and why was it significant? | A rich industrial area given to the League of Nations for 15 years under the Treaty of Versailles. |
| What was the result of the 1935 Saar plebiscite? | Ninety percent of the population voted to re-join Germany. |
| How did Hitler use the Saar’s return to Germany? | As propaganda to show German-speaking people wanted to unite under the Nazis and to gain coalfields for industry and weapons production. |
| What did Hitler reveal at the ‘Freedom to Rearm Rally’ in 1935? | Weapons and troops he had secretly been building. |
| What military measures did Hitler announce at the Freedom to Rearm Rally? | Reintroducing conscription, expanding the army to one million men, and building a Luftwaffe (air force). |
| What did Hitler’s actions at the rally signify? | That he was confident he could openly defy the Treaty of Versailles without other countries stopping him. |
| What was the purpose of the Stresa Front agreement? | To guarantee the Locarno Treaty, protect Austrian independence, and stop Hitler from breaking more terms of the Treaty of Versailles. |
| Why was Hitler not concerned about the Stresa Front? | Mussolini later reneged on the agreement and formed a military alliance with Germany against communism. |
| Which countries were part of the Stresa Front? | Britain, France, and Italy. |
| When was the Anglo-German Naval Agreement signed? | 1935 |
| What was the purpose of the Anglo-German Naval Agreement? | To allow Germany to build a navy up to 35% the size of Britain’s, violating the Treaty of Versailles. |
