| Momentum is the product of mass and velocity. | Momentum Definition |
| How is momentum defined? | Momentum is the product of mass and velocity. |
| Momentum = mass × velocity. | Momentum Formula |
| What is the formula for momentum? | Momentum = mass × velocity. |
| Momentum is always conserved in any interaction where no external forces act. This means Momentum before = Momentum after. | Conservation of Momentum |
| What does the conservation of momentum state? | Momentum is always conserved in any interaction with no external forces: Momentum before = Momentum after. |
| A car (500 kg, 4 m/s) collides with a stationary truck (1500 kg). Total momentum before = (500 × 4) + (1500 × 0) = 2000 kg·m/s. | Example: Momentum Before Collision |
| How do you calculate total momentum before a collision in the example? | Use Momentum = mass × velocity for each object and add them: (500 × 4) + (1500 × 0) = 2000 kg·m/s. |
| After the collision, the car and truck move together with velocity V. Momentum after = (500 + 1500) × V = 2000. Solve for V: V = 2000 ÷ 2000 = 1 m/s. | Example: Momentum After Collision |
| How do you find the velocity after a collision when objects stick together? | Use Momentum before = Momentum after:
2000 = (500 + 1500) × V → V = 1 m/s. |
| The change in momentum is given by:Δ(mv) or Δv × mass. | Change in Momentum |
| How do you calculate the change in momentum? | Use Δ(mv) or Δv × mass. |
| Newton's 2nd law states F = m × a, where F is the force, m is mass, and a is acceleration. | Newton's 2nd Law and Force |
| What is Newton's 2nd law? | Newton's 2nd law states F = m × a. |
| From F = m × a, and a = Δv ÷ Δt, we get F = Δ(mv) ÷ Δt. | Force and Rate of Change of Momentum |
| How does force relate to momentum? | Force is the rate of change of momentum:
F = Δ(mv) ÷ Δt. |
| Rearranging F = Δ(mv) ÷ Δt gives F × Δt = Δ(mv), where impulse = change in momentum. | Impulse Formula |
| What is the relationship between impulse and momentum? | Impulse is the change in momentum: F × Δt = Δ(mv). |
| The area under a force-time graph equals the impulse and is also equal to the change in momentum. (the x axis is time) | Impulse on a Force-Time Graph |
| What does the area under a force-time graph represent? | The area under a force-time graph represents the impulse, which equals the change in momentum. |
| A ball is hit with a force of 100 N over 0.5 s. To find the change in momentum, use: Impulse = F × Δt = Δ(mv) Change in momentum = 100 N × 0.5 s = 50 kg·m/s. | Impulse Example |
| What is the change in momentum of the ball when hit with a force of 100 N for 0.5 s? | 100 N × 0.5 s = 50 kg·m/s. |
| In car design, impulse is important in reducing the force on passengers during a crash. Crumple zones, seat belts, and airbags increase impact time, reducing the force and the risk of serious injury. | Impulse and Car Safety Features |
| How do car safety features reduce the risk of injury during a crash? | Car safety features like crumple zones, seat belts, and airbags increase impact time, reducing the force and risk of serious injury. |
| In an elastic collision, both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved. | Types of Collisions - Elastic |
| What is conserved in an elastic collision? | In an elastic collision, both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved. |
| In an inelastic collision, momentum is conserved, but some kinetic energy is converted into other forms like heat, sound, or potential energy. | Types of Collisions - Inelastic |
| What is conserved in an inelastic collision? | In an inelastic collision, momentum is conserved, but some kinetic energy is converted into other forms. |
| If objects stick together after a collision, it is called an inelastic collision. | Inelastic Collision (Objects Stick Together) |
| What is an inelastic collision where objects stick together? | It is an inelastic collision where the objects stick together after the collision. |
| An explosion is an example of an inelastic collision where the kinetic energy after the collision is greater than before the collision. | Explosion as an Inelastic Collision |
| How is an explosion related to inelastic collisions? | An explosion is an inelastic collision where the kinetic energy after the collision is greater than before the collision. |
