| British taxes and colonial reactions (violent and non violent) strain ____. | relations |
| Massachusetts emerges as the leading colony for revolutionary activity mainly because their economy was most affected by... | British policies (taxes and Trade) |
| Presence of _____ in major colonial cities are a daily reminder of what colonists would call tyranny by the British. | British soldiers |
| Parliament reacts to the Boston Tea Party with the Intolerable or Coercive
Acts: | 1.Port of Boston was closed 2. Massachusetts legislature was
abolished 3. A new Quartering Act--colonists forced to house British
soldiers 4. British officials charged with offenses received a trial in
England and not America |
| ______ among colonial leaders (i.e. Committee of Correspondence) leads to the calling of a “Congress” to address the crisis. | Enhanced communication |
| The first continental Congress included, Delegates from _____ colonies (only Ga
was absent) | 12 out of the 13 |
| What was the purpose of the First Continental Congress | Craft a response to the Intolerable Acts. Formally protest Parliament Actions. Seek pathways to reconciliation. |
| Who were the radicals led by | Patrick Henry from Va., John and Sam Adams from Mass. |
| What are Radicals | ● Most forceful with
concessions
● Demand apologies and
repeal of taxes.
● Demands for return of
self government
● Confident in American
unity |
| Who were the moderates led by | John Dickinson from Pa. |
| What are moderates | ● Mild statement of
protest
● Recognized valuable
economic ties between
America and Britain
● Believed most
Americans want a
peaceful resolution. |
| Who were the conservatives led by | John Jay from New York |
| What are conservatives | ● Wait and see approach
● Fearful of alienating
Brittain
● Believed armed conflict
was unwinnable
● Skeptical of American
commitment to resisting
British actions. |
| Early Confrontations with British Army | Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed's Hill) outside of Boston |
| British attack ____ | colonial militia |
| British take the hill but lose 1000 men….Colonist lose less than... | 250 |
| In both battles ____ claim victory | Patriots |
| Word spreads--leads to the formation of ___ in other colonies | militias |
| Confidence grows that a war was ____ against the British | winnable |
| Reshapes opinion in the... | Continental Congress |
| Radicals: _____ Led Delegates | New England |
| Who was the chief spokesperson for the radicals | John Adams |
| What did the radicals call for on the Spectrum at the Second
Continental Congress by the beginning of 1776 | ● Called for complete separation
and independence
● Encouraged the writing of
constitutions by each of the
states |
| Moderates: ____ Led Delegates | Middle |
| Who was the chief spokesperson for the moderates | John Dickinson |
| What did the moderates call for on the Spectrum at the Second Continental Congress by the beginning of 1776 | ● Called for negotiated
settlement
● Colonial self government on
local affairs and rely on
British protection and
management of continental
affairs |
| Actions pursuing a military
option | ● Called for the raising a
Continental Army
● Appoint Washington
Commander |
| Actions pursuing a
reconciliation option | ● Send the Olive Branch Petition”
Pledge Loyalty to the King
Seek peaceful settlement |
| What did actions pursuing a military option lead to | Parliament suspends trade with
colonies |
| What did actions pursing a reconciliation option | King dismisses the petition Declares New England a state of rebellion |
| Thomas Paine’s Common Sense, March 1776 | ● Political Pamphlet
● Forceful language
● Colonial literacy rates were higher than in other areas
● Thousands of copies in circulation (goes “viral”) |
| What was the main idea of Common Sense | Called monarchy a corrupt form of government. Called for complete independence. Irrational to think Britain could rule from 3ooo miles away |
| Delegates on the Spectrum at the Second Continental Congress by June of 1776. (Radicals leaders) | Rest of Colonies |
| Delegates on the Spectrum at the Second
Continental Congress by June of 1776 (Radicals chief spokesperson) | John Adams (Mass.) |
| Delegates on the Spectrum at the Second Continental Congress by June of 1776(Radicals description) | ● Independence immediately
● Seek foreign aid and recognition
● Create a national government to
carry out the war |
| Delegates on the Spectrum at the Second
Continental Congress by June of 1776 (Moderates leaders) | Leaders from New
Jersey, Pa., S.C |
| Delegates on the Spectrum at the Second
Continental Congress by June of 1776 (Moderates chief spokesperson) | John Dickinson (Pa.) |
| Delegates on the Spectrum at the Second
Continental Congress by June of 1776 (Moderates description) | ● Delay independence until a
statement can be written and
made public |
| June 7-_____, delegate from Va., introduces a resolution
calling for separation from Great Britain | Richard Henry Lee |
| When declaring for independence, A committee of ___was appointed to write a statement | 5 |
| Who was apart of the committee to write a statement | Ben Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston and
Thomas Jefferson |
| Who was the chief writer of the DOI | Jefferson |
| July ___-Final vote to declare independence was unanimous | 2 |
| July ___- Independence declared | 4 |
