| What are the two types of Cholesterol and what is the bad one | LDL and HDL, L dl is the bad one because it carries fatty acids to the heart whereas HDL carries fatty acids to the liver to be destroyed. |
| What is the definition of health (1) | The complete state of physical, emotional, and social wellbeing, not just the absence of disease or infirmity |
| What is the definition of fitness (1) | The ability to meet the demands of the environment and have reserves incase of an emergency |
| how are trained individuals different from untrained individuals(4) | increased cardiac output
Increased stroke volume
Increased muscular and cardiac hypertrophy
lower resting heart rate
higher aerobic capacity (more oxygen delivered to muscles)
more tidal volume (more oxygen per breath)
higher bone density |
| define stroke volume (1) | the amount of blood pumped out of the heart per pump |
| define venous return(1) | The volume of blood returning to the heart during diastole |
| define the terms used for the heart relaxing and contracting (2) | Relax= systolic, systole
Contract= Diastolic, diastole |
| State the formula of Ejection fraction(1) | Formula = Stroke volume/end diastolic volume |
| define ejection fraction (1) | Definition= % of blood in ventricles pumped out per stroke |
| What are the average ejection fractions at rest and during exercise (1) | Rest=60%
Exercise= up to 85% (or increase from 60% is fine) |
| Describe the transport of a red blood cell and its oxygenation status in the cardiac cycle (4) | Vena cava (no)-->Right atrium(no)-->right ventricle(no)-->pulmonary artery(no)-->lungs(gets it here)-->pulmonary vein (yes)--> left atrium(yes)--> left ventricle(yes)--> aorta(yes)-->body(yes) |
| define myogenic in terms of the Sino Atrial Node (1) | The Sino Atrial Node produces it's own electrical impulse |
| What are the two types of Cholesterol and what is the bad one | LDL and HDL, L dl is the bad one because it carries fatty acids to the heart whereas HDL carries fatty acids to the liver to be destroyed. |
| Where is the Cardiac control center located | Medulla oblongata |
| Chemoreceptors | Detect chemical changes in blood, such as Carbon dioxide and oxygen, located in carotid arteries and aortic arch |
| Baroreceptors | detects changes in blood pressure. found in arterial wall and changes are detected with nerve endings |
| Proprioceptors | Detects movement and body position. Found in sensory nerve endings in muscles, joints and tendons. |
| why does the heart rate stay elevated after stopping excersise | To get rid of the excess lactic acid through oxidation |
| Parasympathetic vs sympathetic nervous system | Parasympathetic= Relaxes body (calming)
Sympathetic= Hypes up Body (arousal) |
| during submaximal excersise, how much will the HR increase | HR will increase to meet the oxygen demand |
| during maximal excersise, how does the HR increase | proportional increase until max HR (220-age) is reached |
