| A solutions architect has implemented a SAML 2.0 federated identity solution with their company's on-premises identity provider (IdP) to authenticate users' access to the AWS environment. When the solutions architect tests authentication through the federated identity web portal, access to the AWS environment is granted. However, when test users attempt to authenticate through the federated identity web portal, they are not able to access the AWS environment.
Which items should the solutions architect check to ensure identity federation is properly configured? (Choose three.)
A. The IAM user's permissions policy has allowed the use of SAML federation for that user.
B. The IAM roles created for the federated users' or federated groups' trust policy have set the SAML provider as the principal.
B. Test users are not in the AWSFederatedUsers group in the company's IdP.
C. The web portal calls the AWS STS AssumeRoleWithSAML API with the ARN of the SAML provider, the ARN of the IAM role, and the SAML assertion from IdP.
D. The on-premises IdP's DNS hostname is reachable from the AWS environment VPCs.
E. The company's IdP defines SAML assertions that properly map users or groups. In the company to IAM roles with appropriate permissions. | The IAM roles created for the federated users' or federated groups' trust policy have set the SAML provider as the principal.
The web portal calls the AWS STS AssumeRoleWithSAML API with the ARN of the SAML provider, the ARN of the IAM role, and the SAML assertion from IdP.
The company's IdP defines SAML assertions that properly map users or groups. In the company to IAM roles with appropriate permissions. |
| A solutions architect needs to improve an application that is hosted in the AWS Cloud. The application uses an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB instance that is experiencing overloaded connections. Most of the application’s operations insert records into the database. The application currently stores credentials in a text-based configuration file.
The solutions architect needs to implement a solution so that the application can handle the current connection load. The solution must keep the credentials secure and must provide the ability to rotate the credentials automatically on a regular basis.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Deploy an Amazon RDS Proxy layer. In front of the DB instance. Store the connection credentials as a secret in AWS Secrets Manager.
B. Deploy an Amazon RDS Proxy layer in front of the DB instance. Store the connection credentials in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store
C. Create an Aurora Replica. Store the connection credentials as a secret in AWS Secrets Manager
D. Create an Aurora Replica. Store the connection credentials in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. | Deploy an Amazon RDS Proxy layer. In front of the DB instance. Store the connection credentials as a secret in AWS Secrets Manager |
| A company needs to build a disaster recovery (DR) solution for its ecommerce website. The web application is hosted on a fleet of t3.large Amazon EC2 instances and uses an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance. The EC2 instances are in an Auto Scaling group that extends across multiple Availability Zones.
In the event of a disaster, the web application must fail over to the secondary environment with an RPO of 30 seconds and an RTO of 10 minutes.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Use infrastructure as code (IaC) to provision the new infrastructure in the DR Region. Create a cross-Region read replica for the DB instance. Set up a backup plan in AWS Backup to create cross-Region backups for the EC2 instances and the DB instance. Create a cron expression to back up the EC2 instances and the DB instance every 30 seconds to the DR Region. Recover the EC2 instances from the latest EC2 backup. Use an Amazon Route 53 geolocation routing policy to automatically fail over to the DR Region in the event of a disaster.
B. Use infrastructure as code (IaC) to provision the new infrastructure in the DR Region. Create a cross-Region read replica for the DB instance. Set up AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery to continuously replicate the EC2 instances to the DR Region. Run the EC2 instances at the minimum capacity in the DR Region. Use an Amazon Route 53 failover routing policy to automatically fail over to the DR Region in the event of a disaster. Increase the desired capacity of the Auto Scaling group.
C. Set up a backup plan in AWS Backup to create cross-Region backups for the EC2 instances and the DB instance. Create a cron expression to back up the EC2 instances and the DB instance every 30 seconds to the DR Region. Use infrastructure as code (IaC) to provision the new infrastructure in the DR Region. Manually restore the backed-up data on new instances. Use an Amazon Route 53 simple routing policy to automatically fail over to the DR Region in the event of a disaster.
D. Use infrastructure as code (IaC) to provision the new infrastructure in the DR Region. Create an Amazon Aurora global database. Set up AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery to continuously replicate the EC2 instances to the DR Region. Run the Auto Scaling group of EC2 instances at full capacity in the DR Region. Use an Amazon Route 53 failover routing policy to automatically fail over to the DR Region in the event of a disaster. | Use infrastructure as code (IaC) to provision the new infrastructure in the DR Region. Create a cross-Region read replica for the DB instance. Set up AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery to continuously replicate the EC2 instances to the DR Region. Run the EC2 instances at the minimum capacity in the DR Region. Use an Amazon Route 53 failover routing policy to automatically fail over to the DR Region in the event of a disaster. Increase the desired capacity of the Auto Scaling group. |
| A company is planning a one-time migration of an on-premises MySQL database to Amazon Aurora MySQL in the us-east-1 Region. The company's current internet connection has limited bandwidth. The on-premises MySQL database is 60 TB in size. The company estimates that it will take a month to transfer the data to AWS over the current internet connection. The company needs a migration solution that will migrate the database more quickly.
Which solution will migrate the database in the LEAST amount of time?
A. Request a 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection between the on-premises data center and AWS. Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate the on-premises MySQL database to Aurora MySQL.
B. Use AWS DataSync with the current internet connection to accelerate the data transfer between the on-premises data center and AWS. Use AWS Application Migration Service to migrate the on-premises MySQL database to Aurora MySQL.
C. Order an AWS Snowball Edge device. Load the data into an Amazon S3 bucket by using the S3 interface. Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate the data from Amazon S3 to Aurora MySQL.
D. Order an AWS Snowball device. Load the data into an Amazon S3 bucket by using the S3 Adapter for Snowball. Use AWS Application Migration Service to migrate the data from Amazon S3 to Aurora MySQL. | Order an AWS Snowball Edge device. Load the data into an Amazon S3 bucket by using the S3 interface. Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate the data from Amazon S3 to Aurora MySQL. |
| A company has an application in the AWS Cloud. The application runs on a fleet of 20 Amazon EC2 instances. The EC2 instances are persistent and store data on multiple attached Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes.
The company must maintain backups in a separate AWS Region. The company must be able to recover the EC2 instances and their configuration within 1 business day, with loss of no more than 1 day's worth of data. The company has limited staff and needs a backup solution that optimizes operational efficiency and cost. The company already has created an AWS CloudFormation template that can deploy the required network configuration in a secondary Region.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create a second CloudFormation template that can recreate the EC2 instances in the secondary Region. Run daily multivolume snapshots by using AWS Systems Manager Automation runbooks. Copy the snapshots to the secondary Region. In the event of a failure launch the CloudFormation templates, restore the EBS volumes from snapshots, and transfer usage to the secondary Region.
B. Use Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager (Amazon DLM) to create daily multivolume snapshots of the EBS volumes. In the event of a failure, launch the CloudFormation template and use Amazon DLM to restore the EBS volumes and transfer usage to the secondary Region.
C. Use AWS Backup to create a scheduled daily backup plan for the EC2 instances. Configure the backup task to copy the backups to a vault in the secondary Region. In the event of a failure, launch the CloudFormation template, restore the instance volumes and configurations from the backup vault, and transfer usage to the secondary Region.
D. Deploy EC2 instances of the same size and configuration to the secondary Region. Configure AWS DataSync daily to copy data from the primary Region to the secondary Region. In the event of a failure, launch the CloudFormation template and transfer usage to the secondary Region. | Use AWS Backup to create a scheduled daily backup plan for the EC2 instances. Configure the backup task to copy the backups to a vault in the secondary Region. In the event of a failure, launch the CloudFormation template, restore the instance volumes and configurations from the backup vault, and transfer usage to the secondary Region. |
| A company is designing a new website that hosts static content. The website will give users the ability to upload and download large files. According to company requirements, all data must be encrypted in transit and at rest. A solutions architect is building the solution by using Amazon S3 and Amazon CloudFront.
Which combination of steps will meet the encryption requirements? (Choose three.)
A. Turn on S3 server-side encryption for the S3 bucket that the web application uses.
B. Add a policy attribute of "aws:SecureTransport": "true" for read and write operations in the S3 ACLs.
C. Create a bucket policy that denies any unencrypted operations in the S3 bucket that the web application uses.
D. Configure encryption at rest on CloudFront by using server-side encryption with AWS KMS keys (SSE-KMS).
E. Configure redirection of HTTP requests to HTTPS requests in CloudFront.
F. Use the RequireSSL option in the creation of presigned URLs for the S3 bucket that the web application uses. | Turn on S3 server-side encryption for the S3 bucket that the web application uses.
Create a bucket policy that denies any unencrypted operations in the S3 bucket that the web application uses
Configure redirection of HTTP requests to HTTPS requests in CloudFront |
| A company is implementing a serverless architecture by using AWS Lambda functions that need to access a Microsoft SQL Server DB instance on Amazon RDS. The company has separate environments for development and production, including a clone of the database system.
The company's developers are allowed to access the credentials for the development database. However, the credentials for the production database must be encrypted with a key that only members of the IT security team's IAM user group can access. This key must be rotated on a regular basis.
What should a solutions architect do in the production environment to meet these requirements?
A. Store the database credentials in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store by using a SecureString parameter that is encrypted by an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key. Attach a role to each Lambda function to provide access to the SecureString parameter. Restrict access to the SecureString parameter and the customer managed key so that only the IT security team can access the parameter and the key.
B. Encrypt the database credentials by using the AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) default Lambda key. Store the credentials in the environment variables of each Lambda function. Load the credentials from the environment variables in the Lambda code. Restrict access to the KMS key so that only the IT security team can access the key.
C. Store the database credentials in the environment variables of each Lambda function. Encrypt the environment variables by using an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key. Restrict access to the customer managed key so that only the IT security team can access the key.
D. Store the database credentials in AWS Secrets Manager as a secret that is associated with an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key. Attach a role to each Lambda function to provide access to the secret. Restrict access to the secret and the customer managed key so that only the IT security team can access the secret and the key. | Store the database credentials in AWS Secrets Manager as a secret that is associated with an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key. Attach a role to each Lambda function to provide access to the secret. Restrict access to the secret and the customer managed key so that only the IT security team can access the secret and the key. |
| An online retail company is migrating its legacy on-premises .NET application to AWS. The application runs on load-balanced frontend web servers, load-balanced application servers, and a Microsoft SQL Server database.
The company wants to use AWS managed services where possible and does not want to rewrite the application. A solutions architect needs to implement a solution to resolve scaling issues and minimize licensing costs as the application scales.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Deploy Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer for the web tier and for the application tier. Use Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL with Babelfish turned on to replatform the SQL Server database.
B. Create images of all the servers by using AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS). Deploy Amazon EC2 instances that are based on the on-premises imports. Deploy the instances in an Auto Scaling group behind a Network Load Balancer for the web tier and for the application tier. Use Amazon DynamoDB as the database tier.
C. Containerize the web frontend tier and the application tier. Provision an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster. Create an Auto Scaling group behind a Network Load Balancer for the web tier and for the application tier. Use Amazon RDS for SQL Server to host the database.
D. Separate the application functions into AWS Lambda functions. Use Amazon API Gateway for the web frontend tier and the application tier. Migrate the data to Amazon S3. Use Amazon Athena to query the data. | Deploy Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer for the web tier and for the application tier. Use Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL with Babelfish turned on to replatform the SQL Server database. |
| A software-as-a-service (SaaS) provider exposes APIs through an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB connects to an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster that is deployed in the us-east-1 Region. The exposed APIs contain usage of a few non-standard REST methods: LINK, UNLINK, LOCK, and UNLOCK.
Users outside the United States are reporting long and inconsistent response times for these APIs. A solutions architect needs to resolve this problem with a solution that minimizes operational overhead.
Which solution meets these requirements?
A. Add an Amazon CloudFront distribution. Configure the ALB as the origin.
B. Add an Amazon API Gateway edge-optimized API endpoint to expose the APIs. Configure the ALB as the target.
C. Add an accelerator in AWS Global Accelerator. Configure the ALB as the origin.
D. Deploy the APIs to two additional AWS Regions: eu-west-1 and ap-southeast-2. Add latency-based routing records in Amazon Route 53. | Add an accelerator in AWS Global Accelerator. Configure the ALB as the origin. |
| A company runs an IoT application in the AWS Cloud. The company has millions of sensors that collect data from houses in the United States. The sensors use the MQTT protocol to connect and send data to a custom MQTT broker. The MQTT broker stores the data on a single Amazon EC2 instance. The sensors connect to the broker through the domain named iot.example.com. The company uses Amazon Route 53 as its DNS service. The company stores the data in Amazon DynamoDB.
On several occasions, the amount of data has overloaded the MQTT broker and has resulted in lost sensor data. The company must improve the reliability of the solution.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and an Auto Scaling group for the MQTT broker. Use the Auto Scaling group as the target for the ALB. Update the DNS record in Route 53 to an alias record. Point the alias record to the ALB. Use the MQTT broker to store the data.
B. Set up AWS IoT Core to receive the sensor data. Create and configure a custom domain to connect to AWS IoT Core. Update the DNS record in Route 53 to point to the AWS IoT Core Data-ATS endpoint. Configure an AWS IoT rule to store the data.
C. Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Set the MQTT broker as the target. Create an AWS Global Accelerator accelerator. Set the NLB as the endpoint for the accelerator. Update the DNS record in Route 53 to a multivalue answer record. Set the Global Accelerator IP addresses as values. Use the MQTT broker to store the data.
D. Set up AWS IoT Greengrass to receive the sensor data. Update the DNS record in Route 53 to point to the AWS IoT Greengrass endpoint. Configure an AWS IoT rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to store the data. | Set up AWS IoT Core to receive the sensor data. Create and configure a custom domain to connect to AWS IoT Core. Update the DNS record in Route 53 to point to the AWS IoT Core Data-ATS endpoint. Configure an AWS IoT rule to store the data |
| A company has Linux-based Amazon EC2 instances. Users must access the instances by using SSH with EC2 SSH key pairs. Each machine requires a unique EC2 key pair.
The company wants to implement a key rotation policy that will, upon request, automatically rotate all the EC2 key pairs and keep the keys in a securely encrypted place. The company will accept less than 1 minute of downtime during key rotation.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Store all the keys in AWS Secrets Manager. Define a Secrets Manager rotation schedule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to generate new key pairs. Replace public keys on EC2 instances. Update the private keys in Secrets Manager.
B. Store all the keys in Parameter Store, a capability of AWS Systems Manager, as a string. Define a Systems Manager maintenance window to invoke an AWS Lambda function to generate new key pairs. Replace public keys on EC2 instances. Update the private keys in Parameter Store.
C. Import the EC2 key pairs into AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS). Configure automatic key rotation for these key pairs. Create an Amazon EventBridge scheduled rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to initiate the key rotation in AWS KMS.
D. Add all the EC2 instances to Fleet Manager, a capability of AWS Systems Manager. Define a Systems Manager maintenance window to issue a Systems Manager Run Command document to generate new key pairs and to rotate public keys to all the instances in Fleet Manager. | Store all the keys in AWS Secrets Manager. Define a Secrets Manager rotation schedule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to generate new key pairs. Replace public keys on EC2 instances. Update the private keys in Secrets Manager. |
| A company wants to migrate to AWS. The company is running thousands of VMs in a VMware ESXi environment. The company has no configuration management database and has little knowledge about the utilization of the VMware portfolio.
A solutions architect must provide the company with an accurate inventory so that the company can plan for a cost-effective migration.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Use AWS Systems Manager Patch Manager to deploy Migration Evaluator to each VM. Review the collected data in Amazon QuickSight. Identify servers that have high utilization. Remove the servers that have high utilization from the migration list. Import the data to AWS Migration Hub.
B. Export the VMware portfolio to a .csv file. Check the disk utilization for each server. Remove servers that have high utilization. Export the data to AWS Application Migration Service. Use AWS Server Migration Service (AWS SMS) to migrate the remaining servers.
C. Deploy the Migration Evaluator agentless collector to the ESXi hypervisor. Review the collected data in Migration Evaluator. Identify inactive servers. Remove the inactive servers from the migration list. Import the data to AWS Migration Hub.
D. Deploy the AWS Application Migration Service Agent to each VM. When the data is collected, use Amazon Redshift to import and analyze the data. Use Amazon QuickSight for data visualization. | Deploy the Migration Evaluator agentless collector to the ESXi hypervisor. Review the collected data in Migration Evaluator. Identify inactive servers. Remove the inactive servers from the migration list. Import the data to AWS Migration Hub. |
| A company runs a microservice as an AWS Lambda function. The microservice writes data to an on-premises SQL database that supports a limited number of concurrent connections. When the number of Lambda function invocations is too high, the database crashes and causes application downtime. The company has an AWS Direct Connect connection between the company's VPC and the on-premises data center. The company wants to protect the database from crashes.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Write the data to an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Configure the Lambda function to read from the queue and write to the existing database. Set a reserved concurrency limit on the Lambda function that is less than the number of connections that the database supports.
B. Create a new Amazon Aurora Serverless DB cluster. Use AWS DataSync to migrate the data from the existing database to Aurora Serverless. Reconfigure the Lambda function to write to Aurora.
C. Create an Amazon RDS Proxy DB instance. Attach the RDS Proxy DB instance to the Amazon RDS DB instance. Reconfigure the Lambda function to write to the RDS Proxy DB instance.
D. Write the data to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Invoke the Lambda function to write to the existing database when the topic receives new messages. Configure provisioned concurrency for the Lambda function to be equal to the number of connections that the database supports. | Write the data to an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Configure the Lambda function to read from the queue and write to the existing database. Set a reserved concurrency limit on the Lambda function that is less than the number of connections that the database supports |
| A company uses a Grafana data visualization solution that runs on a single Amazon EC2 instance to monitor the health of the company's AWS workloads. The company has invested time and effort to create dashboards that the company wants to preserve. The dashboards need to be highly available and cannot be down for longer than 10 minutes. The company needs to minimize ongoing maintenance.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Migrate to Amazon CloudWatch dashboards. Recreate the dashboards to match the existing Grafana dashboards. Use automatic dashboards where possible.
B. Create an Amazon Managed Grafana workspace. Configure a new Amazon CloudWatch data source. Export dashboards from the existing Grafana instance. Import the dashboards into the new workspace.
C. Create an AMI that has Grafana pre-installed. Store the existing dashboards in Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS). Create an Auto Scaling group that uses the new AMI. Set the Auto Scaling group's minimum, desired, and maximum number of instances to one. Create an Application Load Balancer that serves at least two Availability Zones.
D. Configure AWS Backup to back up the EC2 instance that runs Grafana once each hour. Restore the EC2 instance from the most recent snapshot in an alternate Availability Zone when required. | Create an Amazon Managed Grafana workspace. Configure a new Amazon CloudWatch data source. Export dashboards from the existing Grafana instance. Import the dashboards into the new workspace. |
| A company needs to migrate its customer transactions database from on premises to AWS. The database resides on an Oracle DB instance that runs on a Linux server. According to a new security requirement, the company must rotate the database password each year.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Convert the database to Amazon DynamoDB by using the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT). Store the password in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm to invoke an AWS Lambda function for yearly passtard rotation.
B. Migrate the database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. Store the password in AWS Secrets Manager. Turn on automatic rotation. Configure a yearly rotation schedule.
C. Migrate the database to an Amazon EC2 instance. Use AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store to keep and rotate the connection string by using an AWS Lambda function on a yearly schedule.
D. Migrate the database to Amazon Neptune by using the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT). Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm to invoke an AWS Lambda function for yearly password rotation. | Migrate the database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. Store the password in AWS Secrets Manager. Turn on automatic rotation. Configure a yearly rotation sched |
| A solutions architect is designing an AWS account structure for a company that consists of multiple teams. All the teams will work in the same AWS Region. The company needs a VPC that is connected to the on-premises network. The company expects less than 50 Mbps of total traffic to and from the on-premises network.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively? (Choose two.)
A. Create an AWS CloudFormation template that provisions a VPC and the required subnets. Deploy the template to each AWS account.
B. Create an AWS CloudFormation template that provisions a VPC and the required subnets. Deploy the template to a shared services account. Share the subnets by using AWS Resource Access Manager.
C. Use AWS Transit Gateway along with an AWS Site-to-Site VPN for connectivity to the on-premises network. Share the transit gateway by using AWS Resource Access Manager.
D. Use AWS Site-to-Site VPN for connectivity to the on-premises network.
E. Use AWS Direct Connect for connectivity to the on-premises network. | Create an AWS CloudFormation template that provisions a VPC and the required subnets. Deploy the template to a shared services account. Share the subnets by using AWS Resource Access Manager.
Use AWS Site-to-Site VPN for connectivity to the on-premises network. |
| A solutions architect at a large company needs to set up network security for outbound traffic to the internet from all AWS accounts within an organization in AWS Organizations. The organization has more than 100 AWS accounts, and the accounts route to each other by using a centralized AWS Transit Gateway. Each account has both an internet gateway and a NAT gateway for outbound traffic to the internet. The company deploys resources only into a single AWS Region.
The company needs the ability to add centrally managed rule-based filtering on all outbound traffic to the internet for all AWS accounts in the organization. The peak load of outbound traffic will not exceed 25 Gbps in each Availability Zone.
Which solution meets these requirements?
A. Create a new VPC for outbound traffic to the internet. Connect the existing transit gateway to the new VPC. Configure a new NAT gateway. Create an Auto Scaling group of Amazon EC2 instances that run an open-source internet proxy for rule-based filtering across all Availability Zones in the Region. Modify all default routes to point to the proxy's Auto Scaling group.
B. Create a new VPC for outbound traffic to the internet. Connect the existing transit gateway to the new VPC. Configure a new NAT gateway. Use an AWS Network Firewall firewall for rule-based filtering. Create Network Firewall endpoints in each Availability Zone. Modify all default routes to point to the Network Firewall endpoints.
C. Create an AWS Network Firewall firewall for rule-based filtering in each AWS account. Modify all default routes to point to the Network Firewall firewalls in each account.
D. In each AWS account, create an Auto Scaling group of network-optimized Amazon EC2 instances that run an open-source internet proxy for rule-based filtering. Modify all default routes to point to the proxy's Auto Scaling group. | In each AWS account, create an Auto Scaling group of network-optimized Amazon EC2 instances that run an open-source internet proxy for rule-based filtering. Modify all default routes to point to the proxy's Auto Scaling group. |
| A company uses a load balancer to distribute traffic to Amazon EC2 instances in a single Availability Zone. The company is concerned about security and wants a solutions architect to re-architect the solution to meet the following requirements:
• Inbound requests must be filtered for common vulnerability attacks.
• Rejected requests must be sent to a third-party auditing application.
• All resources should be highly available.
Which solution meets these requirements?
A. Configure a Multi-AZ Auto Scaling group using the application's AMI. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and select the previously created Auto Scaling group as the target. Use Amazon Inspector to monitor traffic to the ALB and EC2 instances. Create a web ACL in WAF. Create an AWS WAF using the web ACL and ALB. Use an AWS Lambda function to frequently push the Amazon Inspector report to the third-party auditing application.
B. Configure an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and add the EC2 instances as targets. Create a web ACL in WAF. Create an AWS WAF using the web ACL and ALB name and enable logging with Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Use an AWS Lambda function to frequently push the logs to the third-party auditing application.
C. Configure an Application Load Balancer (ALB) along with a target group adding the EC2 instances as targets. Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose with the destination of the third-party auditing application. Create a web ACL in WAF. Create an AWS WAF using the web ACL and ALB then enable logging by selecting the Kinesis Data Firehose as the destination. Subscribe to AWS Managed Rules in AWS Marketplace, choosing the WAF as the subscriber.
D. Configure a Multi-AZ Auto Scaling group using the application's AMI. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and select the previously created Auto Scaling group as the target. Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose with a destination of the third-party auditing application. Create a web ACL in WAF. Create an AWS WAF using the WebACL and ALB then enable logging by selecting the Kinesis Data Firehose as the destination. Subscribe to AWS Managed Rules in AWS Marketplace, choosing the WAF as the subscriber. | Configure a Multi-AZ Auto Scaling group using the application's AMI. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and select the previously created Auto Scaling group as the target. Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose with a destination of the third-party auditing application. Create a web ACL in WAF. Create an AWS WAF using the WebACL and ALB then enable logging by selecting the Kinesis Data Firehose as the destination. Subscribe to AWS Managed Rules in AWS Marketplace, choosing the WAF as the subscriber |
| A company is running an application in the AWS Cloud. The application consists of microservices that run on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances in multiple Availability Zones behind an Application Load Balancer. The company recently added a new REST API that was implemented in Amazon API Gateway. Some of the older microservices that run on EC2 instances need to call this new API.
The company does not want the API to be accessible from the public internet and does not want proprietary data to traverse the public internet.
What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?
A. Create an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between the VPC and the API Gateway. Use API Gateway to generate a unique API Key for each microservice. Configure the API methods to require the key.
B. Create an interface VPC endpoint for API Gateway, and set an endpoint policy to only allow access to the specific API. Add a resource policy to API Gateway to only allow access from the VPC endpoint. Change the API Gateway endpoint type to private.
C. Modify the API Gateway to use IAM authentication. Update the IAM policy for the IAM role that is assigned to the EC2 instances to allow access to the API Gateway. Move the API Gateway into a new VPDeploy a transit gateway and connect the VPCs.
D. Create an accelerator in AWS Global Accelerator, and connect the accelerator to the API Gateway. Update the route table for all VPC subnets with a route to the created Global Accelerator endpoint IP address. Add an API key for each service to use for authentication. | Create an interface VPC endpoint for API Gateway, and set an endpoint policy to only allow access to the specific API. Add a resource policy to API Gateway to only allow access from the VPC endpoint. Change the API Gateway endpoint type to private. |
| A company has set up its entire infrastructure on AWS. The company uses Amazon EC2 instances to host its ecommerce website and uses Amazon S3 to store static data. Three engineers at the company handle the cloud administration and development through one AWS account. Occasionally, an engineer alters an EC2 security group configuration of another engineer and causes noncompliance issues in the environment.
A solutions architect must set up a system that tracks changes that the engineers make. The system must send alerts when the engineers make noncompliant changes to the security settings for the EC2 instances.
What is the FASTEST way for the solutions architect to meet these requirements?
A. Set up AWS Organizations for the company. Apply SCPs to govern and track noncompliant security group changes that are made to the AWS account.
B. Enable AWS CloudTrail to capture the changes to EC2 security groups. Enable Amazon CloudWatch rules to provide alerts when noncompliant security settings are detected.
C. Enable SCPs on the AWS account to provide alerts when noncompliant security group changes are made to the environment.
D. Enable AWS Config on the EC2 security groups to track any noncompliant changes. Send the changes as alerts through an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. | Enable AWS Config on the EC2 security groups to track any noncompliant changes. Send the changes as alerts through an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. |
| A company has IoT sensors that monitor traffic patterns throughout a large city. The company wants to read and collect data from the sensors and perform aggregations on the data.
A solutions architect designs a solution in which the IoT devices are streaming to Amazon Kinesis Data Streams. Several applications are reading from the stream. However, several consumers are experiencing throttling and are periodically encountering a ReadProvisionedThroughputExceeded error.
Which actions should the solutions architect take to resolve this issue? (Choose three.)
A. Reshard the stream to increase the number of shards in the stream.
B. Use the Kinesis Producer Library (KPL). Adjust the polling frequency.
C. Use consumers with the enhanced fan-out feature.
D. Reshard the stream to reduce the number of shards in the stream.
E. Use an error retry and exponential backoff mechanism in the consumer logic.
F. Configure the stream to use dynamic partitioning. | Reshard the stream to increase the number of shards in the stream
Use consumers with the enhanced fan-out feature.
Use an error retry and exponential backoff mechanism in the consumer logi |
| A company uses AWS Organizations to manage its AWS accounts. The company needs a list of all its Amazon EC2 instances that have underutilized CPU or memory usage. The company also needs recommendations for how to downsize these underutilized instances.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST effort?
A. Install a CPU and memory monitoring tool from AWS Marketplace on all the EC2 instances. Store the findings in Amazon S3. Implement a Python script to identify underutilized instances. Reference EC2 instance pricing information for recommendations about downsizing options.
B. Install the Amazon CloudWatch agent on all the EC2 instances by using AWS Systems Manager. Retrieve the resource optimization recommendations from AWS Cost Explorer in the organization’s management account. Use the recommendations to downsize underutilized instances in all accounts of the organization.
C. Install the Amazon CloudWatch agent on all the EC2 instances by using AWS Systems Manager. Retrieve the resource optimization recommendations from AWS Cost Explorer in each account of the organization. Use the recommendations to downsize underutilized instances in all accounts of the organization.
D. Install the Amazon CloudWatch agent on all the EC2 instances by using AWS Systems Manager. Create an AWS Lambda function to extract CPU and memory usage from all the EC2 instances. Store the findings as files in Amazon S3. Use Amazon Athena to find underutilized instances. Reference EC2 instance pricing information for recommendations about downsizing options. | Install the Amazon CloudWatch agent on all the EC2 instances by using AWS Systems Manager. Retrieve the resource optimization recommendations from AWS Cost Explorer in the organization’s management account. Use the recommendations to downsize underutilized instances in all accounts of the organization. |
| A company wants to run a custom network analysis software package to inspect traffic as traffic leaves and enters a VPC. The company has deployed the solution by using AWS CloudFormation on three Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. All network routing has been established to direct traffic to the EC2 instances.
Whenever the analysis software stops working, the Auto Scaling group replaces an instance. The network routes are not updated when the instance replacement occurs.
Which combination of steps will resolve this issue? (Choose three.)
A. Create alarms based on EC2 status check metrics that will cause the Auto Scaling group to replace the failed instance.
B. Update the CloudFormation template to install the Amazon CloudWatch agent on the EC2 instances. Configure the CloudWatch agent to send process metrics for the application.
C. Update the CloudFormation template to install AWS Systems Manager Agent on the EC2 instances. Configure Systems Manager Agent to send process metrics for the application.
D. Create an alarm for the custom metric in Amazon CloudWatch for the failure scenarios. Configure the alarm to publish a message to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.
E. Create an AWS Lambda function that responds to the Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) message to take the instance out of service. Update the network routes to point to the replacement instance.
F. In the CloudFormation template, write a condition that updates the network routes when a replacement instance is launched. | Update the CloudFormation template to install the Amazon CloudWatch agent on the EC2 instances. Configure the CloudWatch agent to send process metrics for the application.
Create an alarm for the custom metric in Amazon CloudWatch for the failure scenarios. Configure the alarm to publish a message to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic
Create an AWS Lambda function that responds to the Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) message to take the instance out of service. Update the network routes to point to the replacement instance. |
| A company is developing a new on-demand video application that is based on microservices. The application will have 5 million users at launch and will have 30 million users after 6 months. The company has deployed the application on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) on AWS Fargate. The company developed the application by using ECS services that use the HTTPS protocol.
A solutions architect needs to implement updates to the application by using blue/green deployments. The solution must distribute traffic to each ECS service through a load balancer. The application must automatically adjust the number of tasks in response to an Amazon CloudWatch alarm.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Configure the ECS services to use the blue/green deployment type and a Network Load Balancer. Request increases to the service quota for tasks per service to meet the demand.
B. Configure the ECS services to use the blue/green deployment type and a Network Load Balancer. Implement Auto Scaling group for each ECS service by using the Cluster Autoscaler.
C. Configure the ECS services to use the blue/green deployment type and an Application Load Balancer. Implement an Auto Scaling group for each ECS service by using the Cluster Autoscaler.
D. Configure the ECS services to use the blue/green deployment type and an Application Load Balancer. Implement Service Auto Scaling for each ECS service. | Configure the ECS services to use the blue/green deployment type and an Application Load Balancer. Implement Service Auto Scaling for each ECS service. |
| A company is running a containerized application in the AWS Cloud. The application is running by using Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) on a set of Amazon EC2 instances. The EC2 instances run in an Auto Scaling group.
The company uses Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) to store its container images. When a new image version is uploaded, the new image version receives a unique tag.
The company needs a solution that inspects new image versions for common vulnerabilities and exposures. The solution must automatically delete new image tags that have Critical or High severity findings. The solution also must notify the development team when such a deletion occurs.
Which solution meets these requirements?
A. Configure scan on push on the repository. Use Amazon EventBridge to invoke an AWS Step Functions state machine when a scan is complete for images that have Critical or High severity findings. Use the Step Functions state machine to delete the image tag for those images and to notify the development team through Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS).
B. Configure scan on push on the repository. Configure scan results to be pushed to an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Invoke an AWS Lambda function when a new message is added to the SQS queue. Use the Lambda function to delete the image tag for images that have Critical or High severity findings. Notify the development team by using Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES).
C. Schedule an AWS Lambda function to start a manual image scan every hour. Configure Amazon EventBridge to invoke another Lambda function when a scan is complete. Use the second Lambda function to delete the image tag for images that have Critical or High severity findings. Notify the development team by using Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS).
D. Configure periodic image scan on the repository. Configure scan results to be added to an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Invoke an AWS Step Functions state machine when a new message is added to the SQS queue. Use the Step Functions state machine to delete the image tag for images that have Critical or High severity findings. Notify the development team by using Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES). | Configure scan on push on the repository. Use Amazon EventBridge to invoke an AWS Step Functions state machine when a scan is complete for images that have Critical or High severity findings. Use the Step Functions state machine to delete the image tag for those images and to notify the development team through Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS). |
| A company runs many workloads on AWS and uses AWS Organizations to manage its accounts. The workloads are hosted on Amazon EC2. AWS Fargate. and AWS Lambda. Some of the workloads have unpredictable demand. Accounts record high usage in some months and low usage in other months.
The company wants to optimize its compute costs over the next 3 years. A solutions architect obtains a 6-month average for each of the accounts across the organization to calculate usage.
Which solution will provide the MOST cost savings for all the organization's compute usage?
A. Purchase Reserved Instances for the organization to match the size and number of the most common EC2 instances from the member accounts.
B. Purchase a Compute Savings Plan for the organization from the management account by using the recommendation at the management account level.
C. Purchase Reserved Instances for each member account that had high EC2 usage according to the data from the last 6 months.
D. Purchase an EC2 Instance Savings Plan for each member account from the management account based on EC2 usage data from the last 6 months. | Purchase a Compute Savings Plan for the organization from the management account by using the recommendation at the management account level. |
| A company has hundreds of AWS accounts. The company uses an organization in AWS Organizations to manage all the accounts. The company has turned on all features.
A finance team has allocated a daily budget for AWS costs. The finance team must receive an email notification if the organization's AWS costs exceed 80% of the allocated budget. A solutions architect needs to implement a solution to track the costs and deliver the notifications.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. In the organization's management account, use AWS Budgets to create a budget that has a daily period. Add an alert threshold and set the value to 80%. Use Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to notify the finance team.
B. In the organization’s management account, set up the organizational view feature for AWS Trusted Advisor. Create an organizational view report for cost optimization. Set an alert threshold of 80%. Configure notification preferences. Add the email addresses of the finance team.
C. Register the organization with AWS Control Tower. Activate the optional cost control (guardrail). Set a control (guardrail) parameter of 80%. Configure control (guardrail) notification preferences. Use Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to notify the finance team.
D. Configure the member accounts to save a daily AWS Cost and Usage Report to an Amazon S3 bucket in the organization's management account. Use Amazon EventBridge to schedule a daily Amazon Athena query to calculate the organization’s costs. Configure Athena to send an Amazon CloudWatch alert if the total costs are more than 80% of the allocated budget. Use Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to notify the finance team. | In the organization's management account, use AWS Budgets to create a budget that has a daily period. Add an alert threshold and set the value to 80%. Use Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to notify the finance team. |
| A company provides auction services for artwork and has users across North America and Europe. The company hosts its application in Amazon EC2 instances in the us-east-1 Region. Artists upload photos of their work as large-size. high-resolution image files from their mobile phones to a centralized Amazon S3 bucket created in the us-east-1 Region. The users in Europe are reporting slow performance for their image uploads.
How can a solutions architect improve the performance of the image upload process?
A. Redeploy the application to use S3 multipart uploads.
B. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution and point to the application as a custom origin.
C. Configure the buckets to use S3 Transfer Acceleration.
D. Create an Auto Scaling group for the EC2 instances and create a scaling policy. | Configure the buckets to use S3 Transfer Acceleration. |
| A company wants to containerize a multi-tier web application and move the application from an on-premises data center to AWS. The application includes web. application, and database tiers. The company needs to make the application fault tolerant and scalable. Some frequently accessed data must always be available across application servers. Frontend web servers need session persistence and must scale to meet increases in traffic.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST ongoing operational overhead?
A. Run the application on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) on AWS Fargate. Use Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) for data that is frequently accessed between the web and application tiers. Store the frontend web server session data in Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS).
B. Run the application on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) on Amazon EC2. Use Amazon ElastiCache for Redis to cache frontend web server session data. Use Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) with Multi-Attach on EC2 instances that are distributed across multiple Availability Zones.
C. Run the application on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS). Configure Amazon EKS to use managed node groups. Use ReplicaSets to run the web servers and applications. Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system. Mount the EFS file system across all EKS pods to store frontend web server session data.
D. Deploy the application on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS). Configure Amazon EKS to use managed node groups. Run the web servers and application as Kubernetes deployments in the EKS cluster. Store the frontend web server session data in an Amazon DynamoDB table. Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) volume that all applications will mount at the time of deployment. | Deploy the application on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS). Configure Amazon EKS to use managed node groups. Run the web servers and application as Kubernetes deployments in the EKS cluster. Store the frontend web server session data in an Amazon DynamoDB table. Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) volume that all applications will mount at the time of deployment. |
| A solutions architect is planning to migrate critical Microsoft SQL Server databases to AWS. Because the databases are legacy systems, the solutions architect will move the databases to a modern data architecture. The solutions architect must migrate the databases with near-zero downtime.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use AWS Application Migration Service and the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT). Perform an in-place upgrade before the migration. Export the migrated data to Amazon Aurora Serverless after cutover. Repoint the applications to Amazon Aurora.
B. Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to rehost the database. Set Amazon S3 as a target. Set up change data capture (CDC) replication. When the source and destination are fully synchronized, load the data from Amazon S3 into an Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server DB instance.
C. Use native database high availability tools. Connect the source system to an Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server DB instance. Configure replication accordingly. When data replication is finished, transition the workload to an Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server DB instance.
D. Use AWS Application Migration Service. Rehost the database server on Amazon EC2. When data replication is finished, detach the database and move the database to an Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server DB instance. Reattach the database and then cut over all networking. | Use native database high availability tools. Connect the source system to an Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server DB instance. Configure replication accordingly. When data replication is finished, transition the workload to an Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server DB instance. |
| A company's solutions architect is analyzing costs of a multi-application environment. The environment is deployed across multiple Availability Zones in a single AWS Region. After a recent acquisition, the company manages two organizations in AWS Organizations. The company has created multiple service provider applications as AWS PrivateLink-powered VPC endpoint services in one organization. The company has created multiple service consumer applications in the other organization.
Data transfer charges are much higher than the company expected, and the solutions architect needs to reduce the costs. The solutions architect must recommend guidelines for developers to follow when they deploy services. These guidelines must minimize data transfer charges for the whole environment.
Which guidelines meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
A. Use AWS Resource Access Manager to share the subnets that host the service provider applications with other accounts in the organization.
B. Place the service provider applications and the service consumer applications in AWS accounts in the same organization.
C. Turn off cross-zone load balancing for the Network Load Balancer in all service provider application deployments.
D. Ensure that service consumer compute resources use the Availability Zone-specific endpoint service by using the endpoint's local DNS name.
E. Create a Savings Plan that provides adequate coverage for the organization's planned inter-Availability Zone data transfer usage. | Use AWS Resource Access Manager to share the subnets that host the service provider applications with other accounts in the organization.
Ensure that service consumer compute resources use the Availability Zone-specific endpoint service by using the endpoint's local DNS name. |
| A company has an on-premises Microsoft SQL Server database that writes a nightly 200 GB export to a local drive. The company wants to move the backups to more robust cloud storage on Amazon S3. The company has set up a 10 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection between the on-premises data center and AWS.
Which solution meets these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Create a new S3 bucket. Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway within the VPC that is connected to the Direct Connect connection. Create a new SMB file share. Write nightly database exports to the new SMB file share.
B. Create an Amazon FSx for Windows File Server Single-AZ file system within the VPC that is connected to the Direct Connect connection. Create a new SMB file share. Write nightly database exports to an SMB file share on the Amazon FSx file system. Enable nightly backups.
C. Create an Amazon FSx for Windows File Server Multi-AZ file system within the VPC that is connected to the Direct Connect connection. Create a new SMB file share. Write nightly database exports to an SMB file share on the Amazon FSx file system. Enable nightly backups.
D. Create a new S3 bucket. Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway volume gateway within the VPC that is connected to the Direct Connect connection. Create a new SMB file share. Write nightly database exports to the new SMB file share on the volume gateway, and automate copies of this data to an S3 bucket. | Create a new S3 bucket. Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway within the VPC that is connected to the Direct Connect connection. Create a new SMB file share. Write nightly database exports to the new SMB file share. |
| A company needs to establish a connection from its on-premises data center to AWS. The company needs to connect all of its VPCs that are located in different AWS Regions with transitive routing capabilities between VPC networks. The company also must reduce network outbound traffic costs, increase bandwidth throughput, and provide a consistent network experience for end users.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between the on-premises data center and a new central VPC. Create VPC peering connections that initiate from the central VPC to all other VPCs.
B. Create an AWS Direct Connect connection between the on-premises data center and AWS. Provision a transit VIF, and connect it to a Direct Connect gateway. Connect the Direct Connect gateway to all the other VPCs by using a transit gateway in each Region.
C. Create an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between the on-premises data center and a new central VPUse a transit gateway with dynamic routing. Connect the transit gateway to all other VPCs.
D. Create an AWS Direct Connect connection between the on-premises data center and AWS. Establish an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between all VPCs in each Region. Create VPC peering connections that initiate from the central VPC to all other VPCs. | Create an AWS Direct Connect connection between the on-premises data center and AWS. Provision a transit VIF, and connect it to a Direct Connect gateway. Connect the Direct Connect gateway to all the other VPCs by using a transit gateway in each Region. |
| A company is migrating its development and production workloads to a new organization in AWS Organizations. The company has created a separate member account for development and a separate member account for production. Consolidated billing is linked to the management account. In the management account, a solutions architect needs to create an IAM user that can stop or terminate resources in both member accounts.
Which solution will meet this requirement?
A. Create an IAM user and a cross-account role in the management account. Configure the cross-account role with least privilege access to the member accounts.
B. Create an IAM user in each member account. In the management account, create a cross-account role that has least privilege access. Grant the IAM users access to the cross-account role by using a trust policy.
C. Create an IAM user in the management account. In the member accounts, create an IAM group that has least privilege access. Add the IAM user from the management account to each IAM group in the member accounts.
D. Create an IAM user in the management account. In the member accounts, create cross-account roles that have least privilege access. Grant the IAM user access to the roles by using a trust policy. | Create an IAM user in the management account. In the member accounts, create cross-account roles that have least privilege access. Grant the IAM user access to the roles by using a trust policy. |
| A company wants to use AWS for disaster recovery for an on-premises application. The company has hundreds of Windows-based servers that run the application. All the servers mount a common share.
The company has an RTO of 15 minutes and an RPO of 5 minutes. The solution must support native failover and fallback capabilities.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Create an AWS Storage Gateway File Gateway. Schedule daily Windows server backups. Save the data to Amazon S3. During a disaster, recover the on-premises servers from the backup. During tailback, run the on-premises servers on Amazon EC2 instances.
B. Create a set of AWS CloudFormation templates to create infrastructure. Replicate all data to Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) by using AWS DataSync. During a disaster, use AWS CodePipeline to deploy the templates to restore the on-premises servers. Fail back the data by using DataSync.
C. Create an AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) pipeline to stand up a multi-site active-active environment on AWS. Replicate data into Amazon S3 by using the s3 sync command. During a disaster, swap DNS endpoints to point to AWS. Fail back the data by using the s3 sync command.
D. Use AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery to replicate the on-premises servers. Replicate data to an Amazon FSx for Windows File Server file system by using AWS DataSync. Mount the file system to AWS servers. During a disaster, fail over the on-premises servers to AWS. Fail back to new or existing servers by using Elastic Disaster Recovery. | Use AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery to replicate the on-premises servers. Replicate data to an Amazon FSx for Windows File Server file system by using AWS DataSync. Mount the file system to AWS servers. During a disaster, fail over the on-premises servers to AWS. Fail back to new or existing servers by using Elastic Disaster Recovery. |
| A company has built a high performance computing (HPC) cluster in AWS for a tightly coupled workload that generates a large number of shared files stored in Amazon EFS. The cluster was performing well when the number of Amazon EC2 instances in the cluster was 100. However, when the company increased the cluster size to 1.000 EC2 instances, overall performance was well below expectations.
Which collection of design choices should a solutions architect make to achieve the maximum performance from the HPC cluster? (Choose three.)
A. Ensure the HPC cluster is launched within a single Availability Zone.
B. Launch the EC2 instances and attach elastic network interfaces in multiples of four.
C. Select EC2 instance types with an Elastic Fabric Adapter (EFA) enabled.
D. Ensure the cluster is launched across multiple Availability Zones.
E. Replace Amazon EFS with multiple Amazon EBS volumes in a RAID array.
F. Replace Amazon EFS with Amazon FSx for Lustre. | Ensure the HPC cluster is launched within a single Availability Zone.
Select EC2 instance types with an Elastic Fabric Adapter (EFA) enabled.
Replace Amazon EFS with Amazon FSx for Lustre. |
| A company is designing an AWS Organizations structure. The company wants to standardize a process to apply tags across the entire organization. The company will require tags with specific values when a user creates a new resource. Each of the company's OUs will have unique tag values.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use an SCP to deny the creation of resources that do not have the required tags. Create a tag policy that includes the tag values that the company has assigned to each OU. Attach the tag policies to the OUs.
B. Use an SCP to deny the creation of resources that do not have the required tags. Create a tag policy that includes the tag values that the company has assigned to each OU. Attach the tag policies to the organization's management account.
C. Use an SCP to allow the creation of resources only when the resources have the required tags. Create a tag policy that includes the tag values that the company has assigned to each OU. Attach the tag policies to the OUs.
D. Use an SCP to deny the creation of resources that do not have the required tags. Define the list of tags. Attach the SCP to the OUs. | Use an SCP to deny the creation of resources that do not have the required tags. Create a tag policy that includes the tag values that the company has assigned to each OU. Attach the tag policies to the OUs. |
| A company has more than 10,000 sensors that send data to an on-premises Apache Kafka server by using the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol. The on-premises Kafka server transforms the data and then stores the results as objects in an Amazon S3 bucket.
Recently, the Kafka server crashed. The company lost sensor data while the server was being restored. A solutions architect must create a new design on AWS that is highly available and scalable to prevent a similar occurrence.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Launch two Amazon EC2 instances to host the Kafka server in an active/standby configuration across two Availability Zones. Create a domain name in Amazon Route 53. Create a Route 53 failover policy. Route the sensors to send the data to the domain name.
B. Migrate the on-premises Kafka server to Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka (Amazon MSK). Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB) that points to the Amazon MSK broker. Enable NLB health checks. Route the sensors to send the data to the NLB.
C. Deploy AWS IoT Core, and connect it to an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream. Use an AWS Lambda function to handle data transformation. Route the sensors to send the data to AWS IoT Core.
D. Deploy AWS IoT Core, and launch an Amazon EC2 instance to host the Kafka server. Configure AWS IoT Core to send the data to the EC2 instance. Route the sensors to send the data to AWS IoT Core. | Deploy AWS IoT Core, and connect it to an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream. Use an AWS Lambda function to handle data transformation. Route the sensors to send the data to AWS IoT Core. |
| A company recently started hosting new application workloads in the AWS Cloud. The company is using Amazon EC2 instances. Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file systems, and Amazon RDS DB instances.
To meet regulatory and business requirements, the company must make the following changes for data backups:
• Backups must be retained based on custom daily, weekly, and monthly requirements.
• Backups must be replicated to at least one other AWS Region immediately after capture.
• The backup solution must provide a single source of backup status across the AWS environment.
• The backup solution must send immediate notifications upon failure of any resource backup.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of operational overhead? (Choose three.)
A. Create an AWS Backup plan with a backup rule for each of the retention requirements.
B. Configure an AWS Backup plan to copy backups to another Region.
C. Create an AWS Lambda function to replicate backups to another Region and send notification if a failure occurs.
D. Add an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic to the backup plan to send a notification for finished jobs that have any status except BACKUP_JOB_COMPLETED.
E. Create an Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager (Amazon DLM) snapshot lifecycle policy for each of the retention requirements.
F. Set up RDS snapshots on each database. | Create an AWS Backup plan with a backup rule for each of the retention requirements.
Configure an AWS Backup plan to copy backups to another Region.
Add an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic to the backup plan to send a notification for finished jobs that have any status except BACKUP_JOB_COMPLETED. |
| A company is developing a gene reporting device that will collect genomic information to assist researchers with collecting large samples of data from a diverse population. The device will push 8 KB of genomic data every second to a data platform that will need to process and analyze the data and provide information back to researchers. The data platform must meet the following requirements:
• Provide near-real-time analytics of the inbound genomic data
• Ensure the data is flexible, parallel, and durable
• Deliver results of processing to a data warehouse
Which strategy should a solutions architect use to meet these requirements?
A. Use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to collect the inbound sensor data, analyze the data with Kinesis clients, and save the results to an Amazon RDS instance.
B. Use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to collect the inbound sensor data, analyze the data with Kinesis clients, and save the results to an Amazon Redshift cluster using Amazon EMR.
C. Use Amazon S3 to collect the inbound device data, analyze the data from Amazon SQS with Kinesis, and save the results to an Amazon Redshift cluster.
D. Use an Amazon API Gateway to put requests into an Amazon SQS queue, analyze the data with an AWS Lambda function, and save the results to an Amazon Redshift cluster using Amazon EMR. | Use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to collect the inbound sensor data, analyze the data with Kinesis clients, and save the results to an Amazon Redshift cluster using Amazon EMR. |
| A solutions architect needs to define a reference architecture for a solution for three-tier applications with web. application, and NoSQL data layers. The reference architecture must meet the following requirements:
• High availability within an AWS Region
• Able to fail over in 1 minute to another AWS Region for disaster recovery
• Provide the most efficient solution while minimizing the impact on the user experience
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)
A. Use an Amazon Route 53 weighted routing policy set to 100/0 across the two selected Regions. Set Time to Live (TTL) to 1 hour.
B. Use an Amazon Route 53 failover routing policy for failover from the primary Region to the disaster recovery Region. Set Time to Live (TTL) to 30 seconds.
C. Use a global table within Amazon DynamoDB so data can be accessed in the two selected Regions.
D. Back up data from an Amazon DynamoDB table in the primary Region every 60 minutes and then write the data to Amazon S3. Use S3 cross-Region replication to copy the data from the primary Region to the disaster recovery Region. Have a script import the data into DynamoDB in a disaster recovery scenario.
E. Implement a hot standby model using Auto Scaling groups for the web and application layers across multiple Availability Zones in the Regions. Use zonal Reserved Instances for the minimum number of servers and On-Demand Instances for any additional resources.
F. Use Auto Scaling groups for the web and application layers across multiple Availability Zones in the Regions. Use Spot Instances for the required resources. | Use an Amazon Route 53 failover routing policy for failover from the primary Region to the disaster recovery Region. Set Time to Live (TTL) to 30 seconds.
Use a global table within Amazon DynamoDB so data can be accessed in the two selected Regions.
Implement a hot standby model using Auto Scaling groups for the web and application layers across multiple Availability Zones in the Regions. Use zonal Reserved Instances for the minimum number of servers and On-Demand Instances for any additional resources |
| A company manufactures smart vehicles. The company uses a custom application to collect vehicle data. The vehicles use the MQTT protocol to connect to the application. The company processes the data in 5-minute intervals. The company then copies vehicle telematics data to on-premises storage. Custom applications analyze this data to detect anomalies.
The number of vehicles that send data grows constantly. Newer vehicles generate high volumes of data. The on-premises storage solution is not able to scale for peak traffic, which results in data loss. The company must modernize the solution and migrate the solution to AWS to resolve the scaling challenges.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Use AWS IoT Greengrass to send the vehicle data to Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka (Amazon MSK). Create an Apache Kafka application to store the data in Amazon S3. Use a pretrained model in Amazon SageMaker to detect anomalies.
B. Use AWS IoT Core to receive the vehicle data. Configure rules to route data to an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream that stores the data in Amazon S3. Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics application that reads from the delivery stream to detect anomalies.
C. Use AWS IoT FleetWise to collect the vehicle data. Send the data to an Amazon Kinesis data stream. Use an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream to store the data in Amazon S3. Use the built-in machine learning transforms in AWS Glue to detect anomalies.
D. Use Amazon MQ for RabbitMQ to collect the vehicle data. Send the data to an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream to store the data in Amazon S3. Use Amazon Lookout for Metrics to detect anomalies. | Use AWS IoT Core to receive the vehicle data. Configure rules to route data to an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream that stores the data in Amazon S3. Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics application that reads from the delivery stream to detect anomalies |
| During an audit, a security team discovered that a development team was putting IAM user secret access keys in their code and then committing it to an AWS CodeCommit repository. The security team wants to automatically find and remediate instances of this security vulnerability.
Which solution will ensure that the credentials are appropriately secured automatically?
A. Run a script nightly using AWS Systems Manager Run Command to search for credentials on the development instances. If found, use AWS Secrets Manager to rotate the credentials
B. Use a scheduled AWS Lambda function to download and scan the application code from CodeCommit. If credentials are found, generate new credentials and store them in AWS KMS.
C. Configure Amazon Macie to scan for credentials in CodeCommit repositories. If credentials are found, trigger an AWS Lambda function to disable the credentials and notify the user.
D. Configure a CodeCommit trigger to invoke an AWS Lambda function to scan new code submissions for credentials. If credentials are found, disable them in AWS IAM and notify the user. | Configure a CodeCommit trigger to invoke an AWS Lambda function to scan new code submissions for credentials. If credentials are found, disable them in AWS IAM and notify the user. |
| A company has a data lake in Amazon S3 that needs to be accessed by hundreds of applications across many AWS accounts. The company's information security policy states that the S3 bucket must not be accessed over the public internet and that each application should have the minimum permissions necessary to function.
To meet these requirements, a solutions architect plans to use an S3 access point that is restricted to specific VPCs for each application.
Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to implement this solution? (Choose two.)
A. Create an S3 access point for each application in the AWS account that owns the S3 bucket. Configure each access point to be accessible only from the application’s VPC. Update the bucket policy to require access from an access point.
B. Create an interface endpoint for Amazon S3 in each application's VPC. Configure the endpoint policy to allow access to an S3 access point. Create a VPC gateway attachment for the S3 endpoint.
C. Create a gateway endpoint for Amazon S3 in each application's VPConfigure the endpoint policy to allow access to an S3 access point. Specify the route table that is used to access the access point.
D. Create an S3 access point for each application in each AWS account and attach the access points to the S3 bucket. Configure each access point to be accessible only from the application's VPC. Update the bucket policy to require access from an access point.
E. Create a gateway endpoint for Amazon S3 in the data lake's VPC. Attach an endpoint policy to allow access to the S3 bucket. Specify the route table that is used to access the bucket. | Create an S3 access point for each application in the AWS account that owns the S3 bucket. Configure each access point to be accessible only from the application’s VPC. Update the bucket policy to require access from an access point.
Create a gateway endpoint for Amazon S3 in each application's VPConfigure the endpoint policy to allow access to an S3 access point. Specify the route table that is used to access the access point. |
| A company has developed a hybrid solution between its data center and AWS. The company uses Amazon VPC and Amazon EC2 instances that send application logs to Amazon CloudWatch. The EC2 instances read data from multiple relational databases that are hosted on premises.
The company wants to monitor which EC2 instances are connected to the databases in near-real time. The company already has a monitoring solution that uses Splunk on premises. A solutions architect needs to determine how to send networking traffic to Splunk.
How should the solutions architect meet these requirements?
A. Enable VPC flows logs, and send them to CloudWatch. Create an AWS Lambda function to periodically export the CloudWatch logs to an Amazon S3 bucket by using the pre-defined export function. Generate ACCESS_KEY and SECRET_KEY AWS credentials. Configure Splunk to pull the logs from the S3 bucket by using those credentials.
B. Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream with Splunk as the destination. Configure a pre-processing AWS Lambda function with a Kinesis Data Firehose stream processor that extracts individual log events from records sent by CloudWatch Logs subscription filters. Enable VPC flows logs, and send them to CloudWatch. Create a CloudWatch Logs subscription that sends log events to the Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream.
C. Ask the company to log every request that is made to the databases along with the EC2 instance IP address. Export the CloudWatch logs to an Amazon S3 bucket. Use Amazon Athena to query the logs grouped by database name. Export Athena results to another S3 bucket. Invoke an AWS Lambda function to automatically send any new file that is put in the S3 bucket to Splunk.
D. Send the CloudWatch logs to an Amazon Kinesis data stream with Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for SQL Applications. Configure a 1-minute sliding window to collect the events. Create a SQL query that uses the anomaly detection template to monitor any networking traffic anomalies in near-real time. Send the result to an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream with Splunk as the destination. | Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream with Splunk as the destination. Configure a pre-processing AWS Lambda function with a Kinesis Data Firehose stream processor that extracts individual log events from records sent by CloudWatch Logs subscription filters. Enable VPC flows logs, and send them to CloudWatch. Create a CloudWatch Logs subscription that sends log events to the Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream. |
| A company has five development teams that have each created five AWS accounts to develop and host applications. To track spending, the development teams log in to each account every month, record the current cost from the AWS Billing and Cost Management console, and provide the information to the company's finance team.
The company has strict compliance requirements and needs to ensure that resources are created only in AWS Regions in the United States. However, some resources have been created in other Regions.
A solutions architect needs to implement a solution that gives the finance team the ability to track and consolidate expenditures for all the accounts. The solution also must ensure that the company can create resources only in Regions in the United States.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way? (Choose three.)
A. Create a new account to serve as a management account. Create an Amazon S3 bucket for the finance team. Use AWS Cost and Usage Reports to create monthly reports and to store the data in the finance team's S3 bucket.
B. Create a new account to serve as a management account. Deploy an organization in AWS Organizations with all features enabled. Invite all the existing accounts to the organization. Ensure that each account accepts the invitation.
C. Create an OU that includes all the development teams. Create an SCP that allows the creation of resources only in Regions that are in the United States. Apply the SCP to the OU.
D. Create an OU that includes all the development teams. Create an SCP that denies the creation of resources in Regions that are outside the United States. Apply the SCP to the OU.
E. Create an IAM role in the management account. Attach a policy that includes permissions to view the Billing and Cost Management console. Allow the finance team users to assume the role. Use AWS Cost Explorer and the Billing and Cost Management console to analyze cost.
F. Create an IAM role in each AWS account. Attach a policy that includes permissions to view the Billing and Cost Management console. Allow the finance team users to assume the role. | Create a new account to serve as a management account. Deploy an organization in AWS Organizations with all features enabled. Invite all the existing accounts to the organization. Ensure that each account accepts the invitation
Create an OU that includes all the development teams. Create an SCP that denies the creation of resources in Regions that are outside the United States. Apply the SCP to the OU
Create an IAM role in the management account. Attach a policy that includes permissions to view the Billing and Cost Management console. Allow the finance team users to assume the role. Use AWS Cost Explorer and the Billing and Cost Management console to analyze cost. |
| A company needs to create and manage multiple AWS accounts for a number of departments from a central location. The security team requires read-only access to all accounts from its own AWS account. The company is using AWS Organizations and created an account for the security team.
How should a solutions architect meet these requirements?
A. Use the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role to create a new IAM policy with read-only access in each member account. Establish a trust relationship between the IAM policy in each member account and the security account. Ask the security team to use the IAM policy to gain access.
B. Use the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role to create a new IAM role with read-only access in each member account. Establish a trust relationship between the IAM role in each member account and the security account. Ask the security team to use the IAM role to gain access.
C. Ask the security team to use AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) to call the AssumeRole API for the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role in the management account from the security account. Use the generated temporary credentials to gain access.
D. Ask the security team to use AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) to call the AssumeRole API for the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role in the member account from the security account. Use the generated temporary credentials to gain access. | Use the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role to create a new IAM role with read-only access in each member account. Establish a trust relationship between the IAM role in each member account and the security account. Ask the security team to use the IAM role to gain access. |
| A large company runs workloads in VPCs that are deployed across hundreds of AWS accounts. Each VPC consists of public subnets and private subnets that span across multiple Availability Zones. NAT gateways are deployed in the public subnets and allow outbound connectivity to the internet from the private subnets.
A solutions architect is working on a hub-and-spoke design. All private subnets in the spoke VPCs must route traffic to the internet through an egress VPC. The solutions architect already has deployed a NAT gateway in an egress VPC in a central AWS account.
Which set of additional steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements?
A. Create peering connections between the egress VPC and the spoke VPCs. Configure the required routing to allow access to the internet.
B. Create a transit gateway, and share it with the existing AWS accounts. Attach existing VPCs to the transit gateway. Configure the required routing to allow access to the internet.
C. Create a transit gateway in every account. Attach the NAT gateway to the transit gateways. Configure the required routing to allow access to the internet.
D. Create an AWS PrivateLink connection between the egress VPC and the spoke VPCs. Configure the required routing to allow access to the internet. | Create a transit gateway, and share it with the existing AWS accounts. Attach existing VPCs to the transit gateway. Configure the required routing to allow access to the internet. |
| An education company is running a web application used by college students around the world. The application runs in an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). A system administrator detects a weekly spike in the number of failed login attempts, which overwhelm the application's authentication service. All the failed login attempts originate from about 500 different IP addresses that change each week. A solutions architect must prevent the failed login attempts from overwhelming the authentication service.
Which solution meets these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency?
A. Use AWS Firewall Manager to create a security group and security group policy to deny access from the IP addresses.
B. Create an AWS WAF web ACL with a rate-based rule, and set the rule action to Block. Connect the web ACL to the ALB.
C. Use AWS Firewall Manager to create a security group and security group policy to allow access only to specific CIDR ranges.
D. Create an AWS WAF web ACL with an IP set match rule, and set the rule action to Block. Connect the web ACL to the ALB. | Create an AWS WAF web ACL with a rate-based rule, and set the rule action to Block. Connect the web ACL to the ALB |
| A company operates an on-premises software-as-a-service (SaaS) solution that ingests several files daily. The company provides multiple public SFTP endpoints to its customers to facilitate the file transfers. The customers add the SFTP endpoint IP addresses to their firewall allow list for outbound traffic. Changes to the SFTP endpoint IP addresses are not permitted.
The company wants to migrate the SaaS solution to AWS and decrease the operational overhead of the file transfer service.
Which solution meets these requirements?
A. Register the customer-owned block of IP addresses in the company's AWS account. Create Elastic IP addresses from the address pool and assign them to an AWS Transfer for SFTP endpoint. Use AWS Transfer to store the files in Amazon S3.
B. Add a subnet containing the customer-owned block of IP addresses to a VPC. Create Elastic IP addresses from the address pool and assign them to an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Launch EC2 instances hosting FTP services in an Auto Scaling group behind the ALStore the files in attached Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes.
C. Register the customer-owned block of IP addresses with Amazon Route 53. Create alias records in Route 53 that point to a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Launch EC2 instances hosting FTP services in an Auto Scaling group behind the NLB. Store the files in Amazon S3.
D. Register the customer-owned block of IP addresses in the company’s AWS account. Create Elastic IP addresses from the address pool and assign them to an Amazon S3 VPC endpoint. Enable SFTP support on the S3 bucket. | Register the customer-owned block of IP addresses in the company's AWS account. Create Elastic IP addresses from the address pool and assign them to an AWS Transfer for SFTP endpoint. Use AWS Transfer to store the files in Amazon S3 |
| A company has a new application that needs to run on five Amazon EC2 instances in a single AWS Region. The application requires high-throughput, low-latency network connections between all of the EC2 instances where the application will run. There is no requirement for the application to be fault tolerant.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Launch five new EC2 instances into a cluster placement group. Ensure that the EC2 instance type supports enhanced networking.
B. Launch five new EC2 instances into an Auto Scaling group in the same Availability Zone. Attach an extra elastic network interface to each EC2 instance.
C. Launch five new EC2 instances into a partition placement group. Ensure that the EC2 instance type supports enhanced networking.
D. Launch five new EC2 instances into a spread placement group. Attach an extra elastic network interface to each EC2 instance. | Launch five new EC2 instances into a cluster placement group. Ensure that the EC2 instance type supports enhanced networking. |
| A company is creating a REST API to share information with six of its partners based in the United States. The company has created an Amazon API Gateway Regional endpoint. Each of the six partners will access the API once per day to post daily sales figures.
After initial deployment, the company observes 1,000 requests per second originating from 500 different IP addresses around the world. The company believes this traffic is originating from a botnet and wants to secure its API while minimizing cost.
Which approach should the company take to secure its API?
A. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution with the API as the origin. Create an AWS WAF web ACL with a rule to block clients that submit more than five requests per day. Associate the web ACL with the CloudFront distribution. Configure CloudFront with an origin access identity (OAI) and associate it with the distribution. Configure API Gateway to ensure only the OAI can run the POST method.
B. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution with the API as the origin. Create an AWS WAF web ACL with a rule to block clients that submit more than five requests per day. Associate the web ACL with the CloudFront distribution. Add a custom header to the CloudFront distribution populated with an API key. Configure the API to require an API key on the POST method.
C. Create an AWS WAF web ACL with a rule to allow access to the IP addresses used by the six partners. Associate the web ACL with the API. Create a resource policy with a request limit and associate it with the API. Configure the API to require an API key on the POST method.
D. Create an AWS WAF web ACL with a rule to allow access to the IP addresses used by the six partners. Associate the web ACL with the API. Create a usage plan with a request limit and associate it with the API. Create an API key and add it to the usage plan. | Create an AWS WAF web ACL with a rule to allow access to the IP addresses used by the six partners. Associate the web ACL with the API. Create a usage plan with a request limit and associate it with the API. Create an API key and add it to the usage plan. |
| A company uses an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster for applications in a single AWS Region. The company's database team must monitor all data activity on all the databases.
Which solution will achieve this goal?
A. Set up an AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) change data capture (CDC) task. Specify the Aurora DB cluster as the source. Specify Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose as the target. Use Kinesis Data Firehose to upload the data into an Amazon OpenSearch Service cluster for further analysis.
B. Start a database activity stream on the Aurora DB cluster to capture the activity stream in Amazon EventBridge. Define an AWS Lambda function as a target for EventBridge. Program the Lambda function to decrypt the messages from EventBridge and to publish all database activity to Amazon S3 for further analysis.
C. Start a database activity stream on the Aurora DB cluster to push the activity stream to an Amazon Kinesis data stream. Configure Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to consume the Kinesis data stream and to deliver the data to Amazon S3 for further analysis.
D. Set up an AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) change data capture (CDC) task. Specify the Aurora DB cluster as the source. Specify Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose as the target. Use Kinesis Data Firehose to upload the data into an Amazon Redshift cluster. Run queries on the Amazon Redshift data to determine database activities on the Aurora database. | Set up an AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) change data capture (CDC) task. Specify the Aurora DB cluster as the source. Specify Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose as the target. Use Kinesis Data Firehose to upload the data into an Amazon Redshift cluster. Run queries on the Amazon Redshift data to determine database activities on the Aurora database. |
| An entertainment company recently launched a new game. To ensure a good experience for players during the launch period, the company deployed a static quantity of 12 r6g.16xlarge (memory optimized) Amazon EC2 instances behind a Network Load Balancer. The company's operations team used the Amazon CloudWatch agent and a custom metric to include memory utilization in its monitoring strategy.
Analysis of the CloudWatch metrics from the launch period showed consumption at about one quarter of the CPU and memory that the company expected. Initial demand for the game has subsided and has become more variable. The company decides to use an Auto Scaling group that monitors the CPU and memory consumption to dynamically scale the instance fleet. A solutions architect needs to configure the Auto Scaling group to meet demand in the most cost-effective way.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Configure the Auto Scaling group to deploy c6g.4xlarge (compute optimized) instances. Configure a minimum capacity of 3, a desired capacity of 3, and a maximum capacity of 12.
B. Configure the Auto Scaling group to deploy m6g.4xlarge (general purpose) instances. Configure a minimum capacity of 3, a desired capacity of 3, and a maximum capacity of 12.
C. Configure the Auto Scaling group to deploy r6g.4xlarge (memory optimized) instances. Configure a minimum capacity of 3, a desired capacity of 3, and a maximum capacity of 12.
D. Configure the Auto Scaling group to deploy r6g.8xlarge (memory optimized) instances. Configure a minimum capacity of 2, a desired capacity of 2, and a maximum capacity of 6. | Configure the Auto Scaling group to deploy r6g.4xlarge (memory optimized) instances. Configure a minimum capacity of 3, a desired capacity of 3, and a maximum capacity of 12 |
| A financial services company loaded millions of historical stock trades into an Amazon DynamoDB table. The table uses on-demand capacity mode. Once each day at midnight, a few million new records are loaded into the table. Application read activity against the table happens in bursts throughout the day. and a limited set of keys are repeatedly looked up. The company needs to reduce costs associated with DynamoDB.
Which strategy should a solutions architect recommend to meet this requirement?
A. Deploy an Amazon ElastiCache cluster in front of the DynamoDB table
B. Deploy DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX). Configure DynamoDB auto scaling. Purchase Savings Plans in Cost Explorer.
C. Use provisioned capacity mode. Purchase Savings Plans in Cost Explorer.
D. Deploy DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX). Use provisioned capacity mode. Configure DynamoDB auto scaling. | Deploy DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX). Use provisioned capacity mode. Configure DynamoDB auto scaling. |
| A company is creating a centralized logging service running on Amazon EC2 that will receive and analyze logs from hundreds of AWS accounts. AWS PrivateLink is being used to provide connectivity between the client services and the logging service.
In each AWS account with a client, an interface endpoint has been created for the logging service and is available. The logging service running on EC2 instances with a Network Load Balancer (NLB) are deployed in different subnets. The clients are unable to submit logs using the VPC endpoint.
Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to resolve this issue? (Choose two.)
A. Check that the NACL is attached to the logging service subnet to allow communications to and from the NLB subnets. Check that the NACL is attached to the NLB subnet to allow communications to and from the logging service subnets running on EC2 instances.
B. Check that the NACL is attached to the logging service subnets to allow communications to and from the interface endpoint subnets. Check that the NACL is attached to the interface endpoint subnet to allow communications to and from the logging service subnets running on EC2 instances.
C. Check the security group for the logging service running on the EC2 instances to ensure it allows ingress from the NLB subnets.
D. Check the security group for the logging service running on EC2 instances to ensure it allows ingress from the clients.
E. Check the security group for the NLB to ensure it allows ingress from the interface endpoint subnets. | Check that the NACL is attached to the logging service subnet to allow communications to and from the NLB subnets. Check that the NACL is attached to the NLB subnet to allow communications to and from the logging service subnets running on EC2 instances.
Check the security group for the logging service running on the EC2 instances to ensure it allows ingress from the NLB subnets. |
| A company has millions of objects in an Amazon S3 bucket. The objects are in the S3 Standard storage class. All the S3 objects are accessed frequently. The number of users and applications that access the objects is increasing rapidly. The objects are encrypted with server-side encryption with AWS KMS keys (SSE-KMS).
A solutions architect reviews the company’s monthly AWS invoice and notices that AWS KMS costs are increasing because of the high number of requests from Amazon S3. The solutions architect needs to optimize costs with minimal changes to the application.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Create a new S3 bucket that has server-side encryption with customer-provided keys (SSE-C) as the encryption type. Copy the existing objects to the new S3 bucket. Specify SSE-C.
B. Create a new S3 bucket that has server-side encryption with Amazon S3 managed keys (SSE-S3) as the encryption type. Use S3 Batch Operations to copy the existing objects to the new S3 bucket. Specify SSE-S3.
C. Use AWS CloudHSM to store the encryption keys. Create a new S3 bucket. Use S3 Batch Operations to copy the existing objects to the new S3 bucket. Encrypt the objects by using the keys from CloudHSM.
D. Use the S3 Intelligent-Tiering storage class for the S3 bucket. Create an S3 Intelligent-Tiering archive configuration to transition objects that are not accessed for 90 days to S3 Glacier Deep Archive. | Create a new S3 bucket that has server-side encryption with Amazon S3 managed keys (SSE-S3) as the encryption type. Use S3 Batch Operations to copy the existing objects to the new S3 bucket. Specify SSE-S3 |
| A media storage application uploads user photos to Amazon S3 for processing by AWS Lambda functions. Application state is stored in Amazon DynamoDB tables. Users are reporting that some uploaded photos are not being processed properly. The application developers trace the logs and find that Lambda is experiencing photo processing issues when thousands of users upload photos simultaneously. The issues are the result of Lambda concurrency limits and the performance of DynamoDB when data is saved.
Which combination of actions should a solutions architect take to increase the performance and reliability of the application? (Choose two.)
A. Evaluate and adjust the RCUs for the DynamoDB tables.
B. Evaluate and adjust the WCUs for the DynamoDB tables.
C. Add an Amazon ElastiCache layer to increase the performance of Lambda functions.
D. Add an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue and reprocessing logic between Amazon S3 and the Lambda functions.
E. Use S3 Transfer Acceleration to provide lower latency to users. | Evaluate and adjust the WCUs for the DynamoDB tables
Add an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue and reprocessing logic between Amazon S3 and the Lambda functions. |
| A company runs an application in an on-premises data center. The application gives users the ability to upload media files. The files persist in a file server. The web application has many users. The application server is overutilized, which causes data uploads to fail occasionally. The company frequently adds new storage to the file server. The company wants to resolve these challenges by migrating the application to AWS.
Users from across the United States and Canada access the application. Only authenticated users should have the ability to access the application to upload files. The company will consider a solution that refactors the application, and the company needs to accelerate application development.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Use AWS Application Migration Service to migrate the application server to Amazon EC2 instances. Create an Auto Scaling group for the EC2 instances. Use an Application Load Balancer to distribute the requests. Modify the application to use Amazon S3 to persist the files. Use Amazon Cognito to authenticate users.
B. Use AWS Application Migration Service to migrate the application server to Amazon EC2 instances. Create an Auto Scaling group for the EC2 instances. Use an Application Load Balancer to distribute the requests. Set up AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to give users the ability to sign in to the application. Modify the application to use Amazon S3 to persist the files.
C. Create a static website for uploads of media files. Store the static assets in Amazon S3. Use AWS AppSync to create an API. Use AWS Lambda resolvers to upload the media files to Amazon S3. Use Amazon Cognito to authenticate users.
D. Use AWS Amplify to create a static website for uploads of media files. Use Amplify Hosting to serve the website through Amazon CloudFront. Use Amazon S3 to store the uploaded media files. Use Amazon Cognito to authenticate users. | Use AWS Amplify to create a static website for uploads of media files. Use Amplify Hosting to serve the website through Amazon CloudFront. Use Amazon S3 to store the uploaded media files. Use Amazon Cognito to authenticate users |
| A company has an application that is deployed on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The instances are part of an Auto Scaling group. The application has unpredictable workloads and frequently scales out and in. The company’s development team wants to analyze application logs to find ways to improve the application's performance. However, the logs are no longer available after instances scale in.
Which solution will give the development team the ability to view the application logs after a scale-in event?
A. Enable access logs for the ALB. Store the logs in an Amazon S3 bucket.
B. Configure the EC2 instances to publish logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs by using the unified CloudWatch agent.
C. Modify the Auto Scaling group to use a step scaling policy.
D. Instrument the application with AWS X-Ray tracing. | Configure the EC2 instances to publish logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs by using the unified CloudWatch agent. |
| A company runs an unauthenticated static website (www.example.com) that includes a registration form for users. The website uses Amazon S3 for hosting and uses Amazon CloudFront as the content delivery network with AWS WAF configured. When the registration form is submitted, the website calls an Amazon API Gateway API endpoint that invokes an AWS Lambda function to process the payload and forward the payload to an external API call.
During testing, a solutions architect encounters a cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) error. The solutions architect confirms that the CloudFront distribution origin has the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header set to www.example.com.
What should the solutions architect do to resolve the error?
A. Change the CORS configuration on the S3 bucket. Add rules for CORS to the AllowedOrigin element for www.example.com.
B. Enable the CORS setting in AWS WAF. Create a web ACL rule in which the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header is set to www.example.com.
C. Enable the CORS setting on the API Gateway API endpoint. Ensure that the API endpoint is configured to return all responses that have the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header set to www.example.com.
D. Enable the CORS setting on the Lambda function. Ensure that the return code of the function has the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header set to www.example.com. | Enable the CORS setting on the API Gateway API endpoint. Ensure that the API endpoint is configured to return all responses that have the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header set to www.example.com |
| A company has many separate AWS accounts and uses no central billing or management. Each AWS account hosts services for different departments in the company. The company has a Microsoft Azure Active Directory that is deployed.
A solutions architect needs to centralize billing and management of the company’s AWS accounts. The company wants to start using identity federation instead of manual user management. The company also wants to use temporary credentials instead of long-lived access keys.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)
A. Create a new AWS account to serve as a management account. Deploy an organization in AWS Organizations. Invite each existing AWS account to join the organization. Ensure that each account accepts the invitation.
B. Configure each AWS account's email address to be aws+@example.com so that account management email messages and invoices are sent to the same place.
C. Deploy AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) in the management account. Connect IAM Identity Center to the Azure Active Directory. Configure IAM Identity Center for automatic synchronization of users and groups.
D. Deploy an AWS Managed Microsoft AD directory in the management account. Share the directory with all other accounts in the organization by using AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM).
E. Create AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) permission sets. Attach the permission sets to the appropriate IAM Identity Center groups and AWS accounts.
F. Configure AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) in each AWS account to use AWS Managed Microsoft AD for authentication and authorization. | Create a new AWS account to serve as a management account. Deploy an organization in AWS Organizations. Invite each existing AWS account to join the organization. Ensure that each account accepts the invitation
Deploy AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) in the management account. Connect IAM Identity Center to the Azure Active Directory. Configure IAM Identity Center for automatic synchronization of users and groups
Create AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) permission sets. Attach the permission sets to the appropriate IAM Identity Center groups and AWS accounts |
| A company wants to manage the costs associated with a group of 20 applications that are infrequently used, but are still business-critical, by migrating to AWS. The applications are a mix of Java and Node.js spread across different instance clusters. The company wants to minimize costs while standardizing by using a single deployment methodology.
Most of the applications are part of month-end processing routines with a small number of concurrent users, but they are occasionally run at other times. Average application memory consumption is less than 1 GB. though some applications use as much as 2.5 GB of memory during peak processing. The most important application in the group is a billing report written in Java that accesses multiple data sources and often runs for several hours.
Which is the MOST cost-effective solution?
A. Deploy a separate AWS Lambda function for each application. Use AWS CloudTrail logs and Amazon CloudWatch alarms to verify completion of critical jobs.
B. Deploy Amazon ECS containers on Amazon EC2 with Auto Scaling configured for memory utilization of 75%. Deploy an ECS task for each application being migrated with ECS task scaling. Monitor services and hosts by using Amazon CloudWatch.
C. Deploy AWS Elastic Beanstalk for each application with Auto Scaling to ensure that all requests have sufficient resources. Monitor each AWS Elastic Beanstalk deployment by using CloudWatch alarms.
D. Deploy a new Amazon EC2 instance cluster that co-hosts all applications by using EC2 Auto Scaling and Application Load Balancers. Scale cluster size based on a custom metric set on instance memory utilization. Purchase 3-year Reserved Instance reservations equal to the GroupMaxSize parameter of the Auto Scaling group. | Deploy Amazon ECS containers on Amazon EC2 with Auto Scaling configured for memory utilization of 75%. Deploy an ECS task for each application being migrated with ECS task scaling. Monitor services and hosts by using Amazon CloudWatch. |
| A solutions architect needs to review the design of an Amazon EMR cluster that is using the EMR File System (EMRFS). The cluster performs tasks that are critical to business needs. The cluster is running Amazon EC2 On-Demand Instances at all times for all task, primary, and core nodes. The EMR tasks run each morning, starting at 1:00 AM. and take 6 hours to finish running. The amount of time to complete the processing is not a priority because the data is not referenced until late in the day.
The solutions architect must review the architecture and suggest a solution to minimize the compute costs.
Which solution should the solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements?
A. Launch all task, primary, and core nodes on Spot Instances in an instance fleet. Terminate the cluster, including all instances, when the processing is completed.
B. Launch the primary and core nodes on On-Demand Instances. Launch the task nodes on Spot Instances in an instance fleet. Terminate the cluster, including all instances, when the processing is completed. Purchase Compute Savings Plans to cover the On-Demand Instance usage.
C. Continue to launch all nodes on On-Demand Instances. Terminate the cluster, including all instances, when the processing is completed. Purchase Compute Savings Plans to cover the On-Demand Instance usage.
D. Launch the primary and core nodes on On-Demand Instances. Launch the task nodes on Spot Instances in an instance fleet. Terminate only the task node instances when the processing is completed. Purchase Compute Savings Plans to cover the On-Demand Instance usage. | Launch the primary and core nodes on On-Demand Instances. Launch the task nodes on Spot Instances in an instance fleet. Terminate only the task node instances when the processing is completed. Purchase Compute Savings Plans to cover the On-Demand Instance usage |
| A company has migrated a legacy application to the AWS Cloud. The application runs on three Amazon EC2 instances that are spread across three Availability Zones. One EC2 instance is in each Availability Zone. The EC2 instances are running in three private subnets of the VPC and are set up as targets for an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that is associated with three public subnets.
The application needs to communicate with on-premises systems. Only traffic from IP addresses in the company's IP address range are allowed to access the on-premises systems. The company’s security team is bringing only one IP address from its internal IP address range to the cloud. The company has added this IP address to the allow list for the company firewall. The company also has created an Elastic IP address for this IP address.
A solutions architect needs to create a solution that gives the application the ability to communicate with the on-premises systems. The solution also must be able to mitigate failures automatically.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Deploy three NAT gateways, one in each public subnet. Assign the Elastic IP address to the NAT gateways. Turn on health checks for the NAT gateways. If a NAT gateway fails a health check, recreate the NAT gateway and assign the Elastic IP address to the new NAT gateway.
B. Replace the ALB with a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Assign the Elastic IP address to the NLTurn on health checks for the NLIn the case of a failed health check, redeploy the NLB in different subnets.
C. Deploy a single NAT gateway in a public subnet. Assign the Elastic IP address to the NAT gateway. Use Amazon CloudWatch with a custom metric to monitor the NAT gateway. If the NAT gateway is unhealthy, invoke an AWS Lambda function to create a new NAT gateway in a different subnet. Assign the Elastic IP address to the new NAT gateway.
D. Assign the Elastic IP address to the ALB. Create an Amazon Route 53 simple record with the Elastic IP address as the value. Create a Route 53 health check. In the case of a failed health check, recreate the ALB in different subnets. | Deploy a single NAT gateway in a public subnet. Assign the Elastic IP address to the NAT gateway. Use Amazon CloudWatch with a custom metric to monitor the NAT gateway. If the NAT gateway is unhealthy, invoke an AWS Lambda function to create a new NAT gateway in a different subnet. Assign the Elastic IP address to the new NAT gateway. |
| A company uses AWS Organizations to manage more than 1,000 AWS accounts. The company has created a new developer organization. There are 540 developer member accounts that must be moved to the new developer organization. All accounts are set up with all the required information so that each account can be operated as a standalone account.
Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to move all of the developer accounts to the new developer organization? (Choose three.)
A. Call the MoveAccount operation in the Organizations API from the old organization's management account to migrate the developer accounts to the new developer organization.
B. From the management account, remove each developer account from the old organization using the RemoveAccountFromOrganization operation in the Organizations API.
C. From each developer account, remove the account from the old organization using the RemoveAccountFromOrganization operation in the Organizations API.
D. Sign in to the new developer organization's management account and create a placeholder member account that acts as a target for the developer account migration.
E. Call the InviteAccountToOrganization operation in the Organizations API from the new developer organization's management account to send invitations to the developer accounts.
F. Have each developer sign in to their account and confirm to join the new developer organization. | From the management account, remove each developer account from the old organization using the RemoveAccountFromOrganization operation in the Organizations API.
Call the InviteAccountToOrganization operation in the Organizations API from the new developer organization's management account to send invitations to the developer accounts.
Have each developer sign in to their account and confirm to join the new developer organization |
| A company’s interactive web application uses an Amazon CloudFront distribution to serve images from an Amazon S3 bucket. Occasionally, third-party tools ingest corrupted images into the S3 bucket. This image corruption causes a poor user experience in the application later. The company has successfully implemented and tested Python logic to detect corrupt images.
A solutions architect must recommend a solution to integrate the detection logic with minimal latency between the ingestion and serving.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use a Lambda@Edge function that is invoked by a viewer-response event.
B. Use a Lambda@Edge function that is invoked by an origin-response event.
C. Use an S3 event notification that invokes an AWS Lambda function.
D. Use an S3 event notification that invokes an AWS Step Functions state machine. | Use an S3 event notification that invokes an AWS Lambda function |
| A company has an application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances in an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group. The company uses AWS CodePipeline to deploy the application. The instances that run in the Auto Scaling group are constantly changing because of scaling events.
When the company deploys new application code versions, the company installs the AWS CodeDeploy agent on any new target EC2 instances and associates the instances with the CodeDeploy deployment group. The application is set to go live within the next 24 hours.
What should a solutions architect recommend to automate the application deployment process with the LEAST amount of operational overhead?
A. Configure Amazon EventBridge to invoke an AWS Lambda function when a new EC2 instance is launched into the Auto Scaling group. Code the Lambda function to associate the EC2 instances with the CodeDeploy deployment group.
B. Write a script to suspend Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling operations before the deployment of new code. When the deployment is complete, create a new AMI and configure the Auto Scaling group's launch template to use the new AMI for new launches. Resume Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling operations.
C. Create a new AWS CodeBuild project that creates a new AMI that contains the new code. Configure CodeBuild to update the Auto Scaling group’s launch template to the new AMI. Run an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling instance refresh operation.
D. Create a new AMI that has the CodeDeploy agent installed. Configure the Auto Scaling group’s launch template to use the new AMI. Associate the CodeDeploy deployment group with the Auto Scaling group instead of the EC2 instances. | Create a new AMI that has the CodeDeploy agent installed. Configure the Auto Scaling group’s launch template to use the new AMI. Associate the CodeDeploy deployment group with the Auto Scaling group instead of the EC2 instances. |
| A company has a website that runs on four Amazon EC2 instances that are behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). When the ALB detects that an EC2 instance is no longer available, an Amazon CloudWatch alarm enters the ALARM state. A member of the company's operations team then manually adds a new EC2 instance behind the ALB.
A solutions architect needs to design a highly available solution that automatically handles the replacement of EC2 instances. The company needs to minimize downtime during the switch to the new solution.
Which set of steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements?
A. Delete the existing ALB. Create an Auto Scaling group that is configured to handle the web application traffic. Attach a new launch template to the Auto Scaling group. Create a new ALB. Attach the Auto Scaling group to the new ALB. Attach the existing EC2 instances to the Auto Scaling group.
B. Create an Auto Scaling group that is configured to handle the web application traffic. Attach a new launch template to the Auto Scaling group. Attach the Auto Scaling group to the existing ALAttach the existing EC2 instances to the Auto Scaling group.
C. Delete the existing ALB and the EC2 instances. Create an Auto Scaling group that is configured to handle the web application traffic. Attach a new launch template to the Auto Scaling group. Create a new ALB. Attach the Auto Scaling group to the new ALB. Wait for the Auto Scaling group to launch the minimum number of EC2 instances.
D. Create an Auto Scaling group that is configured to handle the web application traffic. Attach a new launch template to the Auto Scaling group. Attach the Auto Scaling group to the existing ALB. Wait for the existing ALB to register the existing EC2 instances with the Auto Scaling group. | Create an Auto Scaling group that is configured to handle the web application traffic. Attach a new launch template to the Auto Scaling group. Attach the Auto Scaling group to the existing ALAttach the existing EC2 instances to the Auto Scaling group |
| A company wants to optimize AWS data-transfer costs and compute costs across developer accounts within the company's organization in AWS Organizations. Developers can configure VPCs and launch Amazon EC2 instances in a single AWS Region. The EC2 instances retrieve approximately 1 TB of data each day from Amazon S3.
The developer activity leads to excessive monthly data-transfer charges and NAT gateway processing charges between EC2 instances and S3 buckets, along with high compute costs. The company wants to proactively enforce approved architectural patterns for any EC2 instance and VPC infrastructure that developers deploy within the AWS accounts. The company does not want this enforcement to negatively affect the speed at which the developers can perform their tasks.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Create SCPs to prevent developers from launching unapproved EC2 instance types. Provide the developers with an AWS CloudFormation template to deploy an approved VPC configuration with S3 interface endpoints. Scope the developers' IAM permissions so that the developers can launch VPC resources only with CloudFormation.
B. Create a daily forecasted budget with AWS Budgets to monitor EC2 compute costs and S3 data-transfer costs across the developer accounts. When the forecasted cost is 75% of the actual budget cost, send an alert to the developer teams. If the actual budget cost is 100%, create a budget action to terminate the developers' EC2 instances and VPC infrastructure.
C. Create an AWS Service Catalog portfolio that users can use to create an approved VPC configuration with S3 gateway endpoints and approved EC2 instances. Share the portfolio with the developer accounts. Configure an AWS Service Catalog launch constraint to use an approved IAM role. Scope the developers' IAM permissions to allow access only to AWS Service Catalog.
D. Create and deploy AWS Config rules to monitor the compliance of EC2 and VPC resources in the developer AWS accounts. If developers launch unapproved EC2 instances or if developers create VPCs without S3 gateway endpoints, perform a remediation action to terminate the unapproved resources. | Create an AWS Service Catalog portfolio that users can use to create an approved VPC configuration with S3 gateway endpoints and approved EC2 instances. Share the portfolio with the developer accounts. Configure an AWS Service Catalog launch constraint to use an approved IAM role. Scope the developers' IAM permissions to allow access only to AWS Service Catalo |
| A company is expanding. The company plans to separate its resources into hundreds of different AWS accounts in multiple AWS Regions. A solutions architect must recommend a solution that denies access to any operations outside of specifically designated Regions.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create IAM roles for each account. Create IAM policies with conditional allow permissions that include only approved Regions for the accounts.
B. Create an organization in AWS Organizations. Create IAM users for each account. Attach a policy to each user to block access to Regions where an account cannot deploy infrastructure.
C. Launch an AWS Control Tower landing zone. Create OUs and attach SCPs that deny access to run services outside of the approved Regions.
D. Enable AWS Security Hub in each account. Create controls to specify the Regions where an account can deploy infrastructure. | Launch an AWS Control Tower landing zone. Create OUs and attach SCPs that deny access to run services outside of the approved Regions |
| A company wants to refactor its retail ordering web application that currently has a load-balanced Amazon EC2 instance fleet for web hosting, database API services, and business logic. The company needs to create a decoupled, scalable architecture with a mechanism for retaining failed orders while also minimizing operational costs.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use Amazon S3 for web hosting with Amazon API Gateway for database API services. Use Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) for order queuing. Use Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) for business logic with Amazon SQS long polling for retaining failed orders.
B. Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk for web hosting with Amazon API Gateway for database API services. Use Amazon MQ for order queuing. Use AWS Step Functions for business logic with Amazon S3 Glacier Deep Archive for retaining failed orders.
C. Use Amazon S3 for web hosting with AWS AppSync for database API services. Use Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) for order queuing. Use AWS Lambda for business logic with an Amazon SQS dead-letter queue for retaining failed orders.
D. Use Amazon Lightsail for web hosting with AWS AppSync for database API services. Use Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) for order queuing. Use Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) for business logic with Amazon OpenSearch Service for retaining failed orders. | Use Amazon S3 for web hosting with AWS AppSync for database API services. Use Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) for order queuing. Use AWS Lambda for business logic with an Amazon SQS dead-letter queue for retaining failed orders |
| A company hosts a web application on AWS in the us-east-1 Region. The application servers are distributed across three Availability Zones behind an Application Load Balancer. The database is hosted in a MySQL database on an Amazon EC2 instance. A solutions architect needs to design a cross-Region data recovery solution using AWS services with an RTO of less than 5 minutes and an RPO of less than 1 minute. The solutions architect is deploying application servers in us-west-2, and has configured Amazon Route 53 health checks and DNS failover to us-west-2.
Which additional step should the solutions architect take?
A. Migrate the database to an Amazon RDS for MySQL instance with a cross-Region read replica in us-west-2.
B. Migrate the database to an Amazon Aurora global database with the primary in us-east-1 and the secondary in us-west-2.
C. Migrate the database to an Amazon RDS for MySQL instance with a Multi-AZ deployment.
D. Create a MySQL standby database on an Amazon EC2 instance in us-west-2. | Migrate the database to an Amazon Aurora global database with the primary in us-east-1 and the secondary in us-west-2. |
| A company is using AWS Organizations to manage multiple accounts. Due to regulatory requirements, the company wants to restrict specific member accounts to certain AWS Regions, where they are permitted to deploy resources. The resources in the accounts must be tagged, enforced based on a group standard, and centrally managed with minimal configuration.
What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?
A. Create an AWS Config rule in the specific member accounts to limit Regions and apply a tag policy.
B. From the AWS Billing and Cost Management console, in the management account, disable Regions for the specific member accounts and apply a tag policy on the root.
C. Associate the specific member accounts with the root. Apply a tag policy and an SCP using conditions to limit Regions.
D. Associate the specific member accounts with a new OU. Apply a tag policy and an SCP using conditions to limit Regions. | Associate the specific member accounts with a new OU. Apply a tag policy and an SCP using conditions to limit Regions. |
| A company has an application that generates reports and stores them in an Amazon S3 bucket. When a user accesses their report, the application generates a signed URL to allow the user to download the report. The company's security team has discovered that the files are public and that anyone can download them without authentication. The company has suspended the generation of new reports until the problem is resolved.
Which set of actions will immediately remediate the security issue without impacting the application's normal workflow?
A. Create an AWS Lambda function that applies a deny all policy for users who are not authenticated. Create a scheduled event to invoke the Lambda function.
B. Review the AWS Trusted Advisor bucket permissions check and implement the recommended actions.
C. Run a script that puts a private ACL on all of the objects in the bucket.
D. Use the Block Public Access feature in Amazon S3 to set the IgnorePublicAcIs option to TRUE on the bucket. | Use the Block Public Access feature in Amazon S3 to set the IgnorePublicAcIs option to TRUE on the bucket. |
| A company is planning to migrate an Amazon RDS for Oracle database to an RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance in another AWS account. A solutions architect needs to design a migration strategy that will require no downtime and that will minimize the amount of time necessary to complete the migration. The migration strategy must replicate all existing data and any new data that is created during the migration. The target database must be identical to the source database at completion of the migration process.
All applications currently use an Amazon Route 53 CNAME record as their endpoint for communication with the RDS for Oracle DB instance. The RDS for Oracle DB instance is in a private subnet.
Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)
A. Create a new RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance in the target account. Use the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT) to migrate the database schema from the source database to the target database.
B. Use the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT) to create a new RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance in the target account with the schema and initial data from the source database.
C. Configure VPC peering between the VPCs in the two AWS accounts to provide connectivity to both DB instances from the target account. Configure the security groups that are attached to each DB instance to allow traffic on the database port from the VPC in the target account.
D. Temporarily allow the source DB instance to be publicly accessible to provide connectivity from the VPC in the target account. Configure the security groups that are attached to each DB instance to allow traffic on the database port from the VPC in the target account.
E. Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) in the target account to perform a full load plus change data capture (CDC) migration from the source database to the target database. When the migration is complete, change the CNAME record to point to the target DB instance endpoint.
F. Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) in the target account to perform a change data capture (CDC) migration from the source database to the target database. When the migration is complete, change the CNAME record to point to the target DB instance endpoint. | Create a new RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance in the target account. Use the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT) to migrate the database schema from the source database to the target database
Configure VPC peering between the VPCs in the two AWS accounts to provide connectivity to both DB instances from the target account. Configure the security groups that are attached to each DB instance to allow traffic on the database port from the VPC in the target account.
Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) in the target account to perform a full load plus change data capture (CDC) migration from the source database to the target database. When the migration is complete, change the CNAME record to point to the target DB instance endpoint. |
| A company has implemented an ordering system using an event-driven architecture. During initial testing, the system stopped processing orders. Further log analysis revealed that one order message in an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) standard queue was causing an error on the backend and blocking all subsequent order messages. The visibility timeout of the queue is set to 30 seconds, and the backend processing timeout is set to 10 seconds. A solutions architect needs to analyze faulty order messages and ensure that the system continues to process subsequent messages.
Which step should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements?
A. Increase the backend processing timeout to 30 seconds to match the visibility timeout.
B. Reduce the visibility timeout of the queue to automatically remove the faulty message.
C. Configure a new SQS FIFO queue as a dead-letter queue to isolate the faulty messages.
D. Configure a new SQS standard queue as a dead-letter queue to isolate the faulty messages. | Configure a new SQS standard queue as a dead-letter queue to isolate the faulty messages. |
| A company has automated the nightly retraining of its machine learning models by using AWS Step Functions. The workflow consists of multiple steps that use AWS Lambda. Each step can fail for various reasons, and any failure causes a failure of the overall workflow.
A review reveals that the retraining has failed multiple nights in a row without the company noticing the failure. A solutions architect needs to improve the workflow so that notifications are sent for all types of failures in the retraining process.
Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)
A. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic with a subscription of type "Email" that targets the team's mailing list.
B. Create a task named "Email" that forwards the input arguments to the SNS topic.
C. Add a Catch field to all Task, Map, and Parallel states that have a statement of "ErrorEquals": [ "States.ALL" ] and "Next”: "Email".
D. Add a new email address to Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES). Verify the email address.
E. Create a task named "Email" that forwards the input arguments to the SES email address.
F. Add a Catch field to all Task, Map, and Parallel states that have a statement of "ErrorEquals": [ "States.Runtime" ] and "Next": "Email". | Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic with a subscription of type "Email" that targets the team's mailing list.
Create a task named "Email" that forwards the input arguments to the SNS topic.
Add a Catch field to all Task, Map, and Parallel states that have a statement of "ErrorEquals": [ "States.ALL" ] and "Next”: "Email". |
| A company plans to deploy a new private intranet service on Amazon EC2 instances inside a VPC. An AWS Site-to-Site VPN connects the VPC to the company's on-premises network. The new service must communicate with existing on-premises services. The on-premises services are accessible through the use of hostnames that reside in the company.example DNS zone. This DNS zone is wholly hosted on premises and is available only on the company's private network.
A solutions architect must ensure that the new service can resolve hostnames on the company.example domain to integrate with existing services.
Which solution meets these requirements?
A. Create an empty private zone in Amazon Route 53 for company.example. Add an additional NS record to the company's on-premises company.example zone that points to the authoritative name servers for the new private zone in Route 53.
B. Turn on DNS hostnames for the VPC. Configure a new outbound endpoint with Amazon Route 53 Resolver. Create a Resolver rule to forward requests for company.example to the on-premises name servers.
C. Turn on DNS hostnames for the VPConfigure a new inbound resolver endpoint with Amazon Route 53 Resolver. Configur&the on-premises DNS server to forward requests for company.example to the new resolver.
D. Use AWS Systems Manager to configure a run document that will install a hosts file that contains any required hostnames. Use an Amazon EventBridge rule to run the document when an instance is entering the running state. | Turn on DNS hostnames for the VPC. Configure a new outbound endpoint with Amazon Route 53 Resolver. Create a Resolver rule to forward requests for company.example to the on-premises name servers. |
| A company uses AWS CloudFormation to deploy applications within multiple VPCs that are all attached to a transit gateway. Each VPC that sends traffic to the public internet must send the traffic through a shared services VPC. Each subnet within a VPC uses the default VPC route table, and the traffic is routed to the transit gateway. The transit gateway uses its default route table for any VPC attachment.
A security audit reveals that an Amazon EC2 instance that is deployed within a VPC can communicate with an EC2 instance that is deployed in any of the company's other VPCs. A solutions architect needs to limit the traffic between the VPCs. Each VPC must be able to communicate only with a predefined, limited set of authorized VPCs.
What should the solutions architect do to meet these requirements?
A. Update the network ACL of each subnet within a VPC to allow outbound traffic only to the authorized VPCs. Remove all deny rules except the default deny rule.
B. Update all the security groups that are used within a VPC to deny outbound traffic to security groups that are used within the unauthorized VPCs.
C. Create a dedicated transit gateway route table for each VPC attachment. Route traffic only to the authorized VPCs.
D. Update the main route table of each VPC to route traffic only to the authorized VPCs through the transit gateway. | Create a dedicated transit gateway route table for each VPC attachment. Route traffic only to the authorized VPCs. |
| A company has a Windows-based desktop application that is packaged and deployed to the users' Windows machines. The company recently acquired another company that has employees who primarily use machines with a Linux operating system. The acquiring company has decided to migrate and rehost the Windows-based desktop application to AWS.
All employees must be authenticated before they use the application. The acquiring company uses Active Directory on premises but wants a simplified way to manage access to the application on AWS for all the employees.
Which solution will rehost the application on AWS with the LEAST development effort?
A. Set up and provision an Amazon Workspaces virtual desktop for every employee. Implement authentication by using Amazon Cognito identity pools. Instruct employees to run the application from their provisioned Workspaces virtual desktops.
B. Create an Auto Scaling group of Windows-based Amazon EC2 instances. Join each EC2 instance to the company’s Active Directory domain. Implement authentication by using the Active Directory that is running on premises. Instruct employees to run the application by using a Windows remote desktop.
C. Use an Amazon AppStream 2.0 image builder to create an image that includes the application and the required configurations. Provision an AppStream 2.0 On-Demand fleet with dynamic Fleet Auto Scaling policies for running the image. Implement authentication by using AppStream 2.0 user pools. Instruct the employees to access the application by starting browser-based AppStream 2.0 streaming sessions.
D. Refactor and containerize the application to run as a web-based application. Run the application in Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) on AWS Fargate with step scaling policies. Implement authentication by using Amazon Cognito user pools. Instruct the employees to run the application from their browsers. | Use an Amazon AppStream 2.0 image builder to create an image that includes the application and the required configurations. Provision an AppStream 2.0 On-Demand fleet with dynamic Fleet Auto Scaling policies for running the image. Implement authentication by using AppStream 2.0 user pools. Instruct the employees to access the application by starting browser-based AppStream 2.0 streaming sessions. |
| A company is collecting a large amount of data from a fleet of IoT devices. Data is stored as Optimized Row Columnar (ORC) files in the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) on a persistent Amazon EMR cluster. The company's data analytics team queries the data by using SQL in Apache Presto deployed on the same EMR cluster. Queries scan large amounts of data, always run for less than 15 minutes, and run only between 5 PM and 10 PM.
The company is concerned about the high cost associated with the current solution. A solutions architect must propose the most cost-effective solution that will allow SQL data queries.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Store data in Amazon S3. Use Amazon Redshift Spectrum to query data.
B. Store data in Amazon S3. Use the AWS Glue Data Catalog and Amazon Athena to query data.
C. Store data in EMR File System (EMRFS). Use Presto in Amazon EMR to query data.
D. Store data in Amazon Redshift. Use Amazon Redshift to query data. | Store data in Amazon S3. Use the AWS Glue Data Catalog and Amazon Athena to query data. |
| A large company recently experienced an unexpected increase in Amazon RDS and Amazon DynamoDB costs. The company needs to increase visibility into details of AWS Billing and Cost Management. There are various accounts associated with AWS Organizations, including many development and production accounts. There is no consistent tagging strategy across the organization, but there are guidelines in place that require all infrastructure to be deployed using AWS CloudFormation with consistent tagging. Management requires cost center numbers and project ID numbers for all existing and future DynamoDB tables and RDS instances.
Which strategy should the solutions architect provide to meet these requirements?
A. Use Tag Editor to tag existing resources. Create cost allocation tags to define the cost center and project ID and allow 24 hours for tags to propagate to existing resources.
B. Use an AWS Config rule to alert the finance team of untagged resources. Create a centralized AWS Lambda based solution to tag untagged RDS databases and DynamoDB resources every hour using a cross-account role.
C. Use Tag Editor to tag existing resources. Create cost allocation tags to define the cost center and project ID. Use SCPs to restrict resource creation that do not have the cost center and project ID on the resource.
D. Create cost allocation tags to define the cost center and project ID and allow 24 hours for tags to propagate to existing resources. Update existing federated roles to restrict privileges to provision resources that do not include the cost center and project ID on the resource. | Use Tag Editor to tag existing resources. Create cost allocation tags to define the cost center and project ID. Use SCPs to restrict resource creation that do not have the cost center and project ID on the resource. |
| A company wants to send data from its on-premises systems to Amazon S3 buckets. The company created the S3 buckets in three different accounts. The company must send the data privately without the data traveling across the internet. The company has no existing dedicated connectivity to AWS.
Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
A. Establish a networking account in the AWS Cloud. Create a private VPC in the networking account. Set up an AWS Direct Connect connection with a private VIF between the on-premises environment and the private VPC.
B. Establish a networking account in the AWS Cloud. Create a private VPC in the networking account. Set up an AWS Direct Connect connection with a public VIF between the on-premises environment and the private VPC.
C. Create an Amazon S3 interface endpoint in the networking account.
D. Create an Amazon S3 gateway endpoint in the networking account.
E. Establish a networking account in the AWS Cloud. Create a private VPC in the networking account. Peer VPCs from the accounts that host the S3 buckets with the VPC in the network account. | Establish a networking account in the AWS Cloud. Create a private VPC in the networking account. Set up an AWS Direct Connect connection with a private VIF between the on-premises environment and the private VPC.
Create an Amazon S3 interface endpoint in the networking account |
| A company operates quick-service restaurants. The restaurants follow a predictable model with high sales traffic for 4 hours daily. Sales traffic is lower outside of those peak hours.
The point of sale and management platform is deployed in the AWS Cloud and has a backend that is based on Amazon DynamoDB. The database table uses provisioned throughput mode with 100,000 RCUs and 80,000 WCUs to match known peak resource consumption.
The company wants to reduce its DynamoDB cost and minimize the operational overhead for the IT staff.
Which solution meets these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Reduce the provisioned RCUs and WCUs.
B. Change the DynamoDB table to use on-demand capacity.
C. Enable Dynamo DB auto scaling for the table.
D. Purchase 1-year reserved capacity that is sufficient to cover the peak load for 4 hours each day. | Enable Dynamo DB auto scaling for the table. |
| A company hosts a blog post application on AWS using Amazon API Gateway, Amazon DynamoDB, and AWS Lambda. The application currently does not use API keys to authorize requests. The API model is as follows:
GET /posts/{postId}: to get post details
GET /users/{userId}: to get user details
GET /comments/{commentId}: to get comments details
The company has noticed users are actively discussing topics in the comments section, and the company wants to increase user engagement by making the comments appear in real time.
Which design should be used to reduce comment latency and improve user experience?
A. Use edge-optimized API with Amazon CloudFront to cache API responses.
B. Modify the blog application code to request GET/comments/{commentId} every 10 seconds.
C. Use AWS AppSync and leverage WebSockets to deliver comments.
D. Change the concurrency limit of the Lambda functions to lower the API response time. | Use AWS AppSync and leverage WebSockets to deliver comments. |
| A company manages hundreds of AWS accounts centrally in an organization in AWS Organizations. The company recently started to allow product teams to create and manage their own S3 access points in their accounts. The S3 access points can be accessed only within VPCs, not on the internet.
What is the MOST operationally efficient way to enforce this requirement?
A. Set the S3 access point resource policy to deny the s3:CreateAccessPoint action unless the s3:AccessPointNetworkOrigin condition key evaluates to VPC.
B. Create an SCP at the root level in the organization to deny the s3:CreateAccessPoint action unless the s3:AccessPointNetworkOrigin condition key evaluates to VPC.
C. Use AWS CloudFormation StackSets to create a new IAM policy in each AWS account that allows the s3:CreateAccessPoint action only if the s3:AccessPointNetworkOrigin condition key evaluates to VPC.
D. Set the S3 bucket policy to deny the s3:CreateAccessPoint action unless the s3:AccessPointNetworkOrigin condition key evaluates to VPC. | Create an SCP at the root level in the organization to deny the s3:CreateAccessPoint action unless the s3:AccessPointNetworkOrigin condition key evaluates to VPC |
| A solutions architect must update an application environment within AWS Elastic Beanstalk using a blue/green deployment methodology. The solutions architect creates an environment that is identical to the existing application environment and deploys the application to the new environment.
What should be done next to complete the update?
A. Redirect to the new environment using Amazon Route 53.
B. Select the Swap Environment URLs option.
C. Replace the Auto Scaling launch configuration.
D. Update the DNS records to point to the green environment. | Select the Swap Environment URLs option |
| A company has deployed its database on an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance in the us-east-1 Region. The company needs to make its data available to customers in Europe. The customers in Europe must have access to the same data as customers in the United States (US) and will not tolerate high application latency or stale data. The customers in Europe and the customers in the US need to write to the database. Both groups of customers need to see updates from the other group in real time.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create an Amazon Aurora MySQL replica of the RDS for MySQL DB instance. Pause application writes to the RDS DB instance. Promote the Aurora Replica to a standalone DB cluster. Reconfigure the application to use the Aurora database and resume writes. Add eu-west-1 as a secondary Region to the DB cluster. Enable write forwarding on the DB cluster. Deploy the application in eu-west-1. Configure the application to use the Aurora MySQL endpoint in eu-west-1.
B. Add a cross-Region replica in eu-west-1 for the RDS for MySQL DB instance. Configure the replica to replicate write queries back to the primary DB instance. Deploy the application in eu-west-1. Configure the application to use the RDS for MySQL endpoint in eu-west-1.
C. Copy the most recent snapshot from the RDS for MySQL DB instance to eu-west-1. Create a new RDS for MySQL DB instance in eu-west-1 from the snapshot. Configure MySQL logical replication from us-east-1 to eu-west-1. Enable write forwarding on the DB cluster. Deploy the application in eu-wes&1. Configure the application to use the RDS for MySQL endpoint in eu-west-1.
D. Convert the RDS for MySQL DB instance to an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster. Add eu-west-1 as a secondary Region to the DB cluster. Enable write forwarding on the DB cluster. Deploy the application in eu-west-1. Configure the application to use the Aurora MySQL endpoint in eu-west-1. | Create an Amazon Aurora MySQL replica of the RDS for MySQL DB instance. Pause application writes to the RDS DB instance. Promote the Aurora Replica to a standalone DB cluster. Reconfigure the application to use the Aurora database and resume writes. Add eu-west-1 as a secondary Region to the DB cluster. Enable write forwarding on the DB cluster. Deploy the application in eu-west-1. Configure the application to use the Aurora MySQL endpoint in eu-west-1. |
| A company is serving files to its customers through an SFTP server that is accessible over the internet. The SFTP server is running on a single Amazon EC2 instance with an Elastic IP address attached. Customers connect to the SFTP server through its Elastic IP address and use SSH for authentication. The EC2 instance also has an attached security group that allows access from all customer IP addresses.
A solutions architect must implement a solution to improve availability, minimize the complexity of infrastructure management, and minimize the disruption to customers who access files. The solution must not change the way customers connect.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Disassociate the Elastic IP address from the EC2 instance. Create an Amazon S3 bucket to be used for SFTP file hosting. Create an AWS Transfer Family server. Configure the Transfer Family server with a publicly accessible endpoint. Associate the SFTP Elastic IP address with the new endpoint. Point the Transfer Family server to the S3 bucket. Sync all files from the SFTP server to the S3 bucket.
B. Disassociate the Elastic IP address from the EC2 instance. Create an Amazon S3 bucket to be used for SFTP file hosting. Create an AWS Transfer Family server. Configure the Transfer Family server with a VPC-hosted, internet-facing endpoint. Associate the SFTP Elastic IP address with the new endpoint. Attach the security group with customer IP addresses to the new endpoint. Point the Transfer Family server to the S3 bucket. Sync all files from the SFTP server to the S3 bucket.
C. Disassociate the Elastic IP address from the EC2 instance. Create a new Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system to be used for SFTP file hosting. Create an AWS Fargate task definition to run an SFTP server. Specify the EFS file system as a mount in the task definition. Create a Fargate service by using the task definition, and place a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in front of the service. When configuring the service, attach the security group with customer IP addresses to the tasks that run the SFTP server. Associate the Elastic IP address with the NLB. Sync all files from the SFTP server to the S3 bucket.
D. Disassociate the Elastic IP address from the EC2 instance. Create a multi-attach Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume to be used for SFTP file hosting. Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB) with the Elastic IP address attached. Create an Auto Scaling group with EC2 instances that run an SFTP server. Define in the Auto Scaling group that instances that are launched should attach the new multi-attach EBS volume. Configure the Auto Scaling group to automatically add instances behind the NLB. Configure the Auto Scaling group to use the security group that allows customer IP addresses for the EC2 instances that the Auto Scaling group launches. Sync all files from the SFTP server to the new multi-attach EBS volume. | Disassociate the Elastic IP address from the EC2 instance. Create an Amazon S3 bucket to be used for SFTP file hosting. Create an AWS Transfer Family server. Configure the Transfer Family server with a VPC-hosted, internet-facing endpoint. Associate the SFTP Elastic IP address with the new endpoint. Attach the security group with customer IP addresses to the new endpoint. Point the Transfer Family server to the S3 bucket. Sync all files from the SFTP server to the S3 bucket. |
| A company ingests and processes streaming market data. The data rate is constant. A nightly process that calculates aggregate statistics takes 4 hours to complete. The statistical analysis is not critical to the business, and data points are processed during the next iteration if a particular run fails.
The current architecture uses a pool of Amazon EC2 Reserved Instances with 1-year reservations. These EC2 instances run full time to ingest and store the streaming data in attached Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes. A scheduled script launches EC2 On-Demand Instances each night to perform the nightly processing. The instances access the stored data from NFS shares on the ingestion servers. The script terminates the instances when the processing is complete.
The Reserved Instance reservations are expiring. The company needs to determine whether to purchase new reservations or implement a new design.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Update the ingestion process to use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to save data to Amazon S3. Use a scheduled script to launch a fleet of EC2 On-Demand Instances each night to perform the batch processing of the S3 data. Configure the script to terminate the instances when the processing is complete.
B. Update the ingestion process to use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to save data to Amazon S3. Use AWS Batch with Spot Instances to perform nightly processing with a maximum Spot price that is 50% of the On-Demand price.
C. Update the ingestion process to use a fleet of EC2 Reserved Instances with 3-year reservations behind a Network LoadBalancer. Use AWS Batch with Spot Instances to perform nightly processing with a maximum Spot price that is 50% of the On-Demand price.
D. Update the ingestion process to use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to save data to Amazon Redshift. Use Amazon EventBridge to schedule an AWS Lambda function to run nightly to query Amazon Redshift to generate the daily statistics. | Update the ingestion process to use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to save data to Amazon S3. Use AWS Batch with Spot Instances to perform nightly processing with a maximum Spot price that is 50% of the On-Demand price. |
| A company needs to migrate an on-premises SFTP site to AWS. The SFTP site currently runs on a Linux VM. Uploaded files are made available to downstream applications through an NFS share.
As part of the migration to AWS, a solutions architect must implement high availability. The solution must provide external vendors with a set of static public IP addresses that the vendors can allow. The company has set up an AWS Direct Connect connection between its on-premises data center and its VPC.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Create an AWS Transfer Family server. Configure an internet-facing VPC endpoint for the Transfer Family server. Specify an Elastic IP address for each subnet. Configure the Transfer Family server to place files into an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system that is deployed across multiple Availability Zones. Modify the configuration on the downstream applications that access the existing NFS share to mount the EFS endpoint instead.
B. Create an AWS Transfer Family server. Configure a publicly accessible endpoint for the Transfer Family server. Configure the Transfer Family server to place files into an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system that is deployed across multiple Availability Zones. Modify the configuration on the downstream applications that access the existing NFS share to mount the EFS endpoint instead.
C. Use AWS Application Migration Service to migrate the existing Linux VM to an Amazon EC2 instance. Assign an Elastic IP address to the EC2 instance. Mount an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system to the EC2 instance. Configure the SFTP server to place files in the EFS file system. Modify the configuration on the downstream applications that access the existing NFS share to mount the EFS endpoint instead.
D. Use AWS Application Migration Service to migrate the existing Linux VM to an AWS Transfer Family server. Configure a publicly accessible endpoint for the Transfer Family server. Configure the Transfer Family server to place files into an Amazon FSx for Lustre file system that is deployed across multiple Availability Zones. Modify the configuration on the downstream applications that access the existing NFS share to mount the FSx for Lustre endpoint instead. | Create an AWS Transfer Family server. Configure an internet-facing VPC endpoint for the Transfer Family server. Specify an Elastic IP address for each subnet. Configure the Transfer Family server to place files into an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system that is deployed across multiple Availability Zones. Modify the configuration on the downstream applications that access the existing NFS share to mount the EFS endpoint instead |
| A solutions architect has an operational workload deployed on Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. The VPC architecture spans two Availability Zones (AZ) with a subnet in each that the Auto Scaling group is targeting. The VPC is connected to an on-premises environment and connectivity cannot be interrupted. The maximum size of the Auto Scaling group is 20 instances in service. The VPC IPv4 addressing is as follows:
VPC CIDR: 10.0.0.0/23 -
AZ1 subnet CIDR: 10.0.0.0/24 -
AZ2 subnet CIDR: 10.0.1.0/24 -
Since deployment, a third AZ has become available in the Region. The solutions architect wants to adopt the new AZ without adding additional IPv4 address space and without service downtime. Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Update the Auto Scaling group to use the AZ2 subnet only. Delete and re-create the AZ1 subnet using half the previous address space. Adjust the Auto Scaling group to also use the new AZ1 subnet. When the instances are healthy, adjust the Auto Scaling group to use the AZ1 subnet only. Remove the current AZ2 subnet. Create a new AZ2 subnet using the second half of the address space from the original AZ1 subnet. Create a new AZ3 subnet using half the original AZ2 subnet address space, then update the Auto Scaling group to target all three new subnets.
B. Terminate the EC2 instances in the AZ1 subnet. Delete and re-create the AZ1 subnet using half the address space. Update the Auto Scaling group to use this new subnet. Repeat this for the second AZ. Define a new subnet in AZ3, then update the Auto Scaling group to target all three new subnets.
C. Create a new VPC with the same IPv4 address space and define three subnets, with one for each AZ. Update the existing Auto Scaling group to target the new subnets in the new VPC.
D. Update the Auto Scaling group to use the AZ2 subnet only. Update the AZ1 subnet to have half the previous address space. Adjust the Auto Scaling group to also use the AZ1 subnet again. When the instances are healthy, adjust the Auto Scaling group to use the AZ1 subnet only. Update the current AZ2 subnet and assign the second half of the address space from the original AZ1 subnet. Create a new AZ3 subnet using half the original AZ2 subnet address space, then update the Auto Scaling group to target all three new subnets. | Update the Auto Scaling group to use the AZ2 subnet only. Delete and re-create the AZ1 subnet using half the previous address space. Adjust the Auto Scaling group to also use the new AZ1 subnet. When the instances are healthy, adjust the Auto Scaling group to use the AZ1 subnet only. Remove the current AZ2 subnet. Create a new AZ2 subnet using the second half of the address space from the original AZ1 subnet. Create a new AZ3 subnet using half the original AZ2 subnet address space, then update the Auto Scaling group to target all three new subnets |
| A company uses an organization in AWS Organizations to manage the company's AWS accounts. The company uses AWS CloudFormation to deploy all infrastructure. A finance team wants to build a chargeback model. The finance team asked each business unit to tag resources by using a predefined list of project values.
When the finance team used the AWS Cost and Usage Report in AWS Cost Explorer and filtered based on project, the team noticed noncompliant project values. The company wants to enforce the use of project tags for new resources.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST effort?
A. Create a tag policy that contains the allowed project tag values in the organization's management account. Create an SCP that denies the cloudformation:CreateStack API operation unless a project tag is added. Attach the SCP to each OU.
B. Create a tag policy that contains the allowed project tag values in each OU. Create an SCP that denies the cloudformation:CreateStack API operation unless a project tag is added. Attach the SCP to each OU.
C. Create a tag policy that contains the allowed project tag values in the AWS management account. Create an IAM policy that denies the cloudformation:CreateStack API operation unless a project tag is added. Assign the policy to each user.
D. Use AWS Service Catalog to manage the CloudFormation stacks as products. Use a TagOptions library to control project tag values. Share the portfolio with all OUs that are in the organization. | Create a tag policy that contains the allowed project tag values in the organization's management account. Create an SCP that denies the cloudformation:CreateStack API operation unless a project tag is added. Attach the SCP to each OU. |
| An application is deployed on Amazon EC2 instances that run in an Auto Scaling group. The Auto Scaling group configuration uses only one type of instance.
CPU and memory utilization metrics show that the instances are underutilized. A solutions architect needs to implement a solution to permanently reduce the EC2 cost and increase the utilization.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST number of configuration changes in the future?
A. List instance types that have properties that are similar to the properties that the current instances have. Modify the Auto Scaling group's launch template configuration to use multiple instance types from the list.
B. Use the information about the application's CPU and memory utilization to select an instance type that matches the requirements. Modify the Auto Scaling group's configuration by adding the new instance type. Remove the current instance type from the configuration.
C. Use the information about the application's CPU and memory utilization to specify CPU and memory requirements in a new revision of the Auto Scaling group's launch template. Remove the current instance type from the configuration.
D. Create a script that selects the appropriate instance types from the AWS Price List Bulk API. Use the selected instance types to create a new revision of the Auto Scaling group's launch template. | Use the information about the application's CPU and memory utilization to specify CPU and memory requirements in a new revision of the Auto Scaling group's launch template. Remove the current instance type from the configuration |
| A company implements a containerized application by using Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) and Amazon API Gateway The application data is stored in Amazon Aurora databases and Amazon DynamoDB databases. The company automates infrastructure provisioning by using AWS CloudFormation. The company automates application deployment by using AWS CodePipeline.
A solutions architect needs to implement a disaster recovery (DR) strategy that meets an RPO of 2 hours and an RTO of 4 hours.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Set up an Aurora global database and DynamoDB global tables to replicate the databases to a secondary AWS Region. In the primary Region and in the secondary Region, configure an API Gateway API with a Regional endpoint. Implement Amazon CloudFront with origin failover to route traffic to the secondary Region during a DR scenario.
B. Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS), Amazon EventBridge, and AWS Lambda to replicate the Aurora databases to a secondary AWS Region. Use DynamoDB Streams, EventBridge. and Lambda to replicate the DynamoDB databases to the secondary Region. In the primary Region and in the secondary Region, configure an API Gateway API with a Regional endpoint. Implement Amazon Route 53 failover routing to switch traffic from the primary Region to the secondary Region.
C. Use AWS Backup to create backups of the Aurora databases and the DynamoDB databases in a secondary AWS Region. In the primary Region and in the secondary Region, configure an API Gateway API with a Regional endpoint. Implement Amazon Route 53 failover routing to switch traffic from the primary Region to the secondary Region.
D. Set up an Aurora global database and DynamoDB global tables to replicate the databases to a secondary AWS Region. In the primary Region and in the secondary Region, configure an API Gateway API with a Regional endpoint. Implement Amazon Route 53 failover routing to switch traffic from the primary Region to the secondary Region. | Use AWS Backup to create backups of the Aurora databases and the DynamoDB databases in a secondary AWS Region. In the primary Region and in the secondary Region, configure an API Gateway API with a Regional endpoint. Implement Amazon Route 53 failover routing to switch traffic from the primary Region to the secondary Region |
| A company has a complex web application that leverages Amazon CloudFront for global scalability and performance. Over time, users report that the web application is slowing down.
The company's operations team reports that the CloudFront cache hit ratio has been dropping steadily. The cache metrics report indicates that query strings on some URLs are inconsistently ordered and are specified sometimes in mixed-case letters and sometimes in lowercase letters.
Which set of actions should the solutions architect take to increase the cache hit ratio as quickly as possible?
A. Deploy a Lambda@Edge function to sort parameters by name and force them to be lowercase. Select the CloudFront viewer request trigger to invoke the function.
B. Update the CloudFront distribution to disable caching based on query string parameters.
C. Deploy a reverse proxy after the load balancer to post-process the emitted URLs in the application to force the URL strings to be lowercase.
D. Update the CloudFront distribution to specify casing-insensitive query string processing. | Deploy a Lambda@Edge function to sort parameters by name and force them to be lowercase. Select the CloudFront viewer request trigger to invoke the function. |
| A company runs an ecommerce application in a single AWS Region. The application uses a five-node Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster to store information about customers and their recent orders. The DB cluster experiences a large number of write transactions throughout the day.
The company needs to replicate the data in the Aurora database to another Region to meet disaster recovery requirements. The company has an RPO of 1 hour.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LOWEST cost?
A. Modify the Aurora database to be an Aurora global database. Create a second Aurora database in another Region.
B. Enable the Backtrack feature for the Aurora database. Create an AWS Lambda function that runs daily to copy the snapshots of the database to a backup Region.
C. Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS). Create a DMS change data capture (CDC) task that replicates the ongoing changes from the Aurora database to an Amazon S3 bucket in another Region.
D. Turn off automated Aurora backups. Configure Aurora backups with a backup frequency of 1 hour. Specify another Region as the destination Region. Select the Aurora database as the resource assignment. | Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS). Create a DMS change data capture (CDC) task that replicates the ongoing changes from the Aurora database to an Amazon S3 bucket in another Region |
| A company's solutions architect is evaluating an AWS workload that was deployed several years ago. The application tier is stateless and runs on a single large Amazon EC2 instance that was launched from an AMI. The application stores data in a MySQL database that runs on a single EC2 instance.
The CPU utilization on the application server EC2 instance often reaches 100% and causes the application to stop responding. The company manually installs patches on the instances. Patching has caused downtime in the past. The company needs to make the application highly available.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST development me?
A. Move the application tier to AWS Lambda functions in the existing VPC. Create an Application Load Balancer to distribute traffic across the Lambda functions. Use Amazon GuardDuty to scan the Lambda functions. Migrate the database to Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility.
B. Change the EC2 instance type to a smaller Graviton powered instance type. Use the existing AMI to create a launch template for an Auto Scaling group. Create an Application Load Balancer to distribute traffic across the instances in the Auto Scaling group. Set the Auto Scaling group to scale based on CPU utilization. Migrate the database to Amazon DynamoDB.
C. Move the application tier to containers by using Docker. Run the containers on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) with EC2 instances. Create an Application Load Balancer to distribute traffic across the ECS cluster. Configure the ECS cluster to scale based on CPU utilization. Migrate the database to Amazon Neptune.
D. Create a now AMI that is configured with AWS Systems Manager Agent (SSM Agent). Use the new AMI to create a launch template for an Auto Scaling group. Use smaller instances in the Auto Scaling group. Create an Application Load Balancer to distribute traffic across the instances in the Auto Scaling group. Set the Auto Scaling group to scale based on CPU utilization. Migrate the database to Amazon Aurora MySQL. | Create a now AMI that is configured with AWS Systems Manager Agent (SSM Agent). Use the new AMI to create a launch template for an Auto Scaling group. Use smaller instances in the Auto Scaling group. Create an Application Load Balancer to distribute traffic across the instances in the Auto Scaling group. Set the Auto Scaling group to scale based on CPU utilization. Migrate the database to Amazon Aurora MySQL. |
| A company is planning to migrate several applications to AWS. The company does not have a good understanding of its entire application estate. The estate consists of a mixture of physical machines and VMs.
One application that the company will migrate has many dependencies that are sensitive to latency. The company is unsure what all the dependencies are. However the company knows that the low-latency communications use a custom IP-based protocol that runs on port 1000. The company wants to migrate the application and these dependencies together to move all the low-latency interfaces to AWS at the same time.
The company has installed the AWS Application Discovery Agent and has been collecting data for several months.
What should the company do to identify the dependencies that need to be migrated in the same phase as the application?
A. Use AWS Migration Hub and select the servers that host the application. Visualize the network graph to find servers that interact with the application. Turn on data exploration in Amazon Athena. Query the data that is transferred between the servers to identify the servers that communicate on port 1000. Return to Migration Hub. Create a move group that is based on the findings from the Athena queries.
B. Use AWS Application Migration Service and select the servers that host the application. Visualize the network graph to find servers that interact with the application. Configure Application Migration Service to launch test instances for all the servers that interact with the application. Perform acceptance tests on the test instances. If no issues are identified, create a move group that is based on the tested servers.
C. Use AWS Migration Hub and select the servers that host the application. Turn on data exploration in Network Access Analyzer. Use the Network Access Analyzer console to select the servers that host the application. Select a Network Access Scope of port 1000 and note the matching servers. Return to Migration Hub. Create a move group that is based on the findings from Network Access Analyzer.
D. Use AWS Migration Hub and select the servers that host the application. Push the Amazon CloudWalch agent to the identified servers by using the AWS Application Discovery Agent. Export the CloudWatch logs that the agents collect to Amazon S3. Use Amazon Athena to query the logs to find servers that communicate on port 1000. Return to Migration Hub Create a move group that is based on the findings from the Athena queries. | Use AWS Migration Hub and select the servers that host the application. Visualize the network graph to find servers that interact with the application. Turn on data exploration in Amazon Athena. Query the data that is transferred between the servers to identify the servers that communicate on port 1000. Return to Migration Hub. Create a move group that is based on the findings from the Athena queries. |
| A company is building an application that will run on an AWS Lambda function. Hundreds of customers will use the application. The company wants to give each customer a quota of requests for a specific time period. The quotas must match customer usage patterns. Some customers must receive a higher quota for a shorter time period.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create an Amazon API Gateway REST API with a proxy integration to invoke the Lambda function. For each customer, configure an API Gateway usage plan that includes an appropriate request quota. Create an API key from the usage plan for each user that the customer needs.
B. Create an Amazon API Gateway HTTP API with a proxy integration to invoke the Lambda function. For each customer configure an API Gateway usage plan that includes an appropriate request quota Configure route-level throttling for each usage plan. Create an API Key from the usage plan for each user that the customer needs.
C. Create a Lambda function alias for each customer. Include a concurrency limit with an appropriate request quota. Create a Lambda function URL for each function alias. Share the Lambda function URL for each alias with the relevant customer.
D. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in a VPC. Configure the Lambda function as a target for the ALB. Configure an AWS WAF web ACL for the ALB. For each customer configure a rale-based rule that includes an appropriate request quota. | Create an Amazon API Gateway REST API with a proxy integration to invoke the Lambda function. For each customer, configure an API Gateway usage plan that includes an appropriate request quota. Create an API key from the usage plan for each user that the customer needs. |
| A company is planning to migrate its on-premises VMware cluster of 120 VMs to AWS. The VMs have many different operating systems and many custom software packages installed. The company also has an on-premises NFS server that is 10 TB in size. The company has set up a 10 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection to AWS for the migration.
Which solution will complete the migration to AWS in the LEAST amount of time?
A. Export the on-premises VMs and copy them to an Amazon S3 bucket. Use VM Import/Export to create AMIs from the VM images that are stored in Amazon S3. Order an AWS Snowball Edge device. Copy the NFS server data to the device. Restore the NFS server data to an Amazon EC2 instance that has NFS configured.
B. Configure AWS Application Migration Service with a connection to the VMware cluster. Create a replication job for the VMS. Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system. Configure AWS DataSync to copy the NFS server data to the EFS file system over the Direct Connect connection.
C. Recreate the VMs on AWS as Amazon EC2 instances. Install all the required software packages. Create an Amazon FSx for Lustre file system. Configure AWS DataSync to copy the NFS server data to the FSx for Lustre file system over the Direct Connect connection.
D. Order two AWS Snowball Edge devices. Copy the VMs and the NFS server data to the devices. Run VM Import/Export after the data from the devices is loaded to an Amazon S3 bucket. Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system. Copy the NFS server data from Amazon S3 to the EFS file system. | Configure AWS Application Migration Service with a connection to the VMware cluster. Create a replication job for the VMS. Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system. Configure AWS DataSync to copy the NFS server data to the EFS file system over the Direct Connect connection. |
| An online survey company runs its application in the AWS Cloud. The application is distributed and consists of microservices that run in an automatically scaled Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster. The ECS cluster is a target for an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB is a custom origin for an Amazon CloudFront distribution.
The company has a survey that contains sensitive data. The sensitive data must be encrypted when it moves through the application. The application's data-handling microservice is the only microservice that should be able to decrypt the data
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create a symmetric AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key that is dedicated to the data-handling microservice. Create a field-level encryption profile and a configuration. Associate the KMS key and the configuration with the CloudFront cache behavior.
B. Create an RSA key pair that is dedicated to the data-handing microservice. Upload the public key to the CloudFront distribution. Create a field-level encryption profile and a configuration. Add the configuration to the CloudFront cache behavior.
C. Create a symmetric AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key that is dedicated to the data-handling microservice. Create a Lambda@Edge function. Program the function to use the KMS key to encrypt the sensitive data.
D. Create an RSA key pair that is dedicated to the data-handling microservice. Create a Lambda@Edge function. Program the function to use the private key of the RSA key pair to encrypt the sensitive data. | Create an RSA key pair that is dedicated to the data-handing microservice. Upload the public key to the CloudFront distribution. Create a field-level encryption profile and a configuration. Add the configuration to the CloudFront cache behavior. |
| A solutions architect is determining the DNS strategy for an existing VPC. The VPC is provisioned to use the 10.24.34.0/24 CIDR block. The VPC also uses Amazon Route 53 Resolver for DNS. New requirements mandate that DNS queries must use private hosted zones. Additionally instances that have public IP addresses must receive corresponding public hostnames
Which solution will meet these requirements to ensure that the domain names are correctly resolved within the VPC?
A. Create a private hosted zone. Activate the enableDnsSupport attribute and the enableDnsHostnames attribute for the VPC. Update the VPC DHCP options set to include domain-name-servers=10.24.34.2.
B. Create a private hosted zone Associate the private hosted zone with the VPC. Activate the enableDnsSupport attribute and the enableDnsHostnames attribute for the VPC. Create a new VPC DHCP options set, and configure domain-name-servers=AmazonProvidedDNS. Associate the new DHCP options set with the VPC.
C. Deactivate the enableDnsSupport attribute for the VPActivate the enableDnsHostnames attribute for the VPCreate a new VPC DHCP options set, and configure doman-name-servers=10.24.34.2. Associate the new DHCP options set with the VPC.
D. Create a private hosted zone. Associate the private hosted zone with the VPC. Activate the enableDnsSupport attribute for the VPC. Deactivate the enableDnsHostnames attribute for the VPC. Update the VPC DHCP options set to include domain-name-servers=AmazonProvidedDNS. | Create a private hosted zone Associate the private hosted zone with the VPC. Activate the enableDnsSupport attribute and the enableDnsHostnames attribute for the VPC. Create a new VPC DHCP options set, and configure domain-name-servers=AmazonProvidedDNS. Associate the new DHCP options set with the VPC. |
| A data analytics company has an Amazon Redshift cluster that consists of several reserved nodes. The cluster is experiencing unexpected bursts of usage because a team of employees is compiling a deep audit analysis report. The queries to generate the report are complex read queries and are CPU intensive.
Business requirements dictate that the cluster must be able to service read and write queries at all times. A solutions architect must devise a solution that accommodates the bursts of usage.
Which solution meets these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Provision an Amazon EMR cluster Offload the complex data processing tasks.
B. Deploy an AWS Lambda function to add capacity to the Amazon Redshift cluster by using a classic resize operation when the cluster’s CPU metrics in Amazon CloudWatch reach 80%.
C. Deploy an AWS Lambda function to add capacity to the Amazon Redshift cluster by using an elastic resize operation when the cluster’s CPU metrics in Amazon CloudWatch reach 80%.
D. Turn on the Concurrency Scaling feature for the Amazon Redshift cluster. | Turn on the Concurrency Scaling feature for the Amazon Redshift cluster. |
| A research center is migrating to the AWS Cloud and has moved its on-premises 1 PB object storage to an Amazon S3 bucket. One hundred scientists are using this object storage to store their work-related documents. Each scientist has a personal folder on the object store. All the scientists are members of a single IAM user group.
The research center's compliance officer is worried that scientists will be able to access each other's work. The research center has a strict obligation to report on which scientist accesses which documents. The team that is responsible for these reports has little AWS experience and wants a ready-to-use solution that minimizes operational overhead.
Which combination of actions should a solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
A. Create an identity policy that grants the user read and write access. Add a condition that specifies that the S3 paths must be prefixed with $(aws:username). Apply the policy on the scientists’ IAM user group.
B. Configure a trail with AWS CloudTrail to capture all object-level events in the S3 bucket. Store the trail output in another S3 bucket. Use Amazon Athena to query the logs and generate reports.
C. Enable S3 server access logging. Configure another S3 bucket as the target for log delivery. Use Amazon Athena to query the logs and generate reports.
D. Create an S3 bucket policy that grants read and write access to users in the scientists’ IAM user group.
E. Configure a trail with AWS CloudTrail to capture all object-level events in the S3 bucket and write the events to Amazon CloudWatch. Use the Amazon Athena CloudWatch connector to query the logs and generate reports. | Create an identity policy that grants the user read and write access. Add a condition that specifies that the S3 paths must be prefixed with $(aws:username). Apply the policy on the scientists’ IAM user group
Configure a trail with AWS CloudTrail to capture all object-level events in the S3 bucket. Store the trail output in another S3 bucket. Use Amazon Athena to query the logs and generate reports. |
| A company uses AWS Organizations to manage a multi-account structure. The company has hundreds of AWS accounts and expects the number of accounts to increase. The company is building a new application that uses Docker images. The company will push the Docker images to Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR). Only accounts that are within the company’s organization should have access to the images.
The company has a CI/CD process that runs frequently. The company wants to retain all the tagged images. However, the company wants to retain only the five most recent untagged images.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Create a private repository in Amazon ECR. Create a permissions policy for the repository that allows only required ECR operations. Include a condition to allow the ECR operations if the value of the aws:PrincipalOrglD condition key is equal to the ID of the company’s organization. Add a lifecycle rule to the ECR repository that deletes all untagged images over the count of five
B. Create a public repository in Amazon ECR. Create an IAM role in the ECR account. Set permissions so that any account can assume the role if the value of the aws:PrincipalOrglD condition key is equal to the ID of the company’s organization. Add a lifecycle rule to the ECR repository that deletes all untagged images over the count of five.
C. Create a private repository in Amazon ECR. Create a permissions policy for the repository that includes only required ECR operations. Include a condition to allow the ECR operations for all account IDs in the organization Schedule a daily Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function that deletes all untagged images over the count of five.
D. Create a public repository in Amazon ECR. Configure Amazon ECR to use an interface VPC endpoint with an endpoint policy that includes the required permissions for images that the company needs to pull. Include a condition to allow the ECR operations for all account IDs in the company’s organization. Schedule a daily Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function that deletes all untagged images over the count of five. | Create a private repository in Amazon ECR. Create a permissions policy for the repository that allows only required ECR operations. Include a condition to allow the ECR operations if the value of the aws:PrincipalOrglD condition key is equal to the ID of the company’s organization. Add a lifecycle rule to the ECR repository that deletes all untagged images over the count of five |
| A solutions architect is reviewing a company's process for taking snapshots of Amazon RDS DB instances. The company takes automatic snapshots every day and retains the snapshots for 7 days.
The solutions architect needs to recommend a solution that takes snapshots every 6 hours and retains the snapshots for 30 days. The company uses AWS Organizations to manage all of its AWS accounts. The company needs a consolidated view of the health of the RDS snapshots.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Turn on the cross-account management feature in AWS Backup. Create a backup plan that specifies the frequency and retention requirements. Add a tag to the DB instances. Apply the backup plan by using tags. Use AWS Backup to monitor the status of the backups.
B. Turn on the cross-account management feature in Amazon RDS. Create a snapshot global policy that specifies the frequency and retention requirements. Use the RDS console in the management account to monitor the status of the backups.
C. Turn on the cross-account management feature in AWS CloudFormation. From the management account, deploy a CloudFormation stack set that contains a backup plan from AWS Backup that specifies the frequency and retention requirements. Create an AWS Lambda function in the management account to monitor the status of the backups. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule in each account to run the Lambda function on a schedule.
D. Configure AWS Backup in each account. Create an Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager lifecycle policy that specifies the frequency and retention requirements. Specify the DB instances as the target resource Use the Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager console in each member account to monitor the status of the backups | Turn on the cross-account management feature in AWS Backup. Create a backup plan that specifies the frequency and retention requirements. Add a tag to the DB instances. Apply the backup plan by using tags. Use AWS Backup to monitor the status of the backups. |
| A company is using AWS Organizations with a multi-account architecture. The company's current security configuration for the account architecture includes SCPs, resource-based policies, identity-based policies, trust policies, and session policies.
A solutions architect needs to allow an IAM user in Account A to assume a role in Account B.
Which combination of steps must the solutions architect take to meet this requirement? (Choose three.)
A. Configure the SCP for Account A to allow the action.
B. Configure the resource-based policies to allow the action.
C. Configure the identity-based policy on the user in Account A to allow the action.
D. Configure the identity-based policy on the user in Account B to allow the action.
E. Configure the trust policy on the target role in Account B to allow the action.
F. Configure the session policy to allow the action and to be passed programmatically by the GetSessionToken API operation. | Configure the SCP for Account A to allow the action.
Configure the identity-based policy on the user in Account A to allow the action.
Configure the trust policy on the target role in Account B to allow the action. |
| A company wants to use Amazon S3 to back up its on-premises file storage solution. The company’s on-premises file storage solution supports NFS, and the company wants its new solution to support NFS. The company wants to archive the backup files after 5 days. If the company needs archived files for disaster recovery, the company is willing to wait a few days for the retrieval of those files.
Which solution meets these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway that is associated with an S3 bucket. Move the files from the on-premises file storage solution to the file gateway. Create an S3 Lifecycle rule to move the files to S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) after 5 days.
B. Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway volume gateway that is associated with an S3 bucket. Move the files from the on-premises file storage solution to the volume gateway. Create an S3 Lifecycle rule to move the files to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 5 days.
C. Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway tape gateway that is associated with an S3 bucket. Move the files from the on-premises file storage solution to the tape gateway. Create an S3 Lifecycle rule to move the files to S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) after 5 days.
D. Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway that is associated with an S3 bucket. Move the files from the on-premises file storage solution to the file gateway. Create an S3 Lifecycle rule to move the files to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 5 days. | Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway that is associated with an S3 bucket. Move the files from the on-premises file storage solution to the file gateway. Create an S3 Lifecycle rule to move the files to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 5 days. |
| A company runs its application on Amazon EC2 instances and AWS Lambda functions. The EC2 instances experience a continuous and stable load. The Lambda functions experience a varied and unpredictable load. The application includes a caching layer that uses an Amazon MemoryDB for Redis cluster.
A solutions architect must recommend a solution to minimize the company's overall monthly costs.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Purchase an EC2 instance Savings Plan to cover the EC2 instances. Purchase a Compute Savings Plan for Lambda to cover the minimum expected consumption of the Lambda functions. Purchase reserved nodes to cover the MemoryDB cache nodes.
B. Purchase a Compute Savings Plan to cover the EC2 instances. Purchase Lambda reserved concurrency to cover the expected Lambda usage. Purchase reserved nodes to cover the MemoryDB cache nodes.
C. Purchase a Compute Savings Plan to cover the entire expected cost of the EC2 instances, Lambda functions, and MemoryDB cache nodes.
D. Purchase a Compute Savings Plan to cover the EC2 instances and the MemoryDB cache nodes. Purchase Lambda reserved concurrency to cover the expected Lambda usage. | Purchase an EC2 instance Savings Plan to cover the EC2 instances. Purchase a Compute Savings Plan for Lambda to cover the minimum expected consumption of the Lambda functions. Purchase reserved nodes to cover the MemoryDB cache nodes. |
| A company is launching a new online game on Amazon EC2 instances. The game must be available globally. The company plans to run the game in three AWS Regions us-east-1, eu-west-1, and ap-southeast-1. The game's leaderboards, player inventory and event status must be available across Regions.
A solutions architect must design a solution that will give any Region the ability to scale to handle the load of all Regions. Additionally, users must automatically connect to the Region that provides the least latency.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Create an EC2 Spot Fleet. Attach the Spot Fleet to a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in each Region. Create an AWS Global Accelerator IP address that points to the NLB. Create an Amazon Route 53 latency-based routing entry for the Global Accelerator IP address. Save the game metadata to an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance in each Region. Set up a read replica in the other Regions.
B. Create an Auto Scaling group for the EC2 instances Attach the Auto Scaling group to a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in each Region. For each Region, create an Amazon Route 53 entry that uses geoproximity routing and points to the NLB in that Region. Save the game metadata to MySQL databases on EC2 instances in each Region. Set up replication between the database EC2 instances in each Region.
C. Create an Auto Scaling group for the EC2 instances. Attach the Auto Scaling group to a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in each Region. For each Region, create an Amazon Route 53 entry that uses latency-based routing and points to the NLB in that Region. Save the game metadata to an Amazon DynamoDB global table.
D. Use EC2 Global View. Deploy the EC2 instances to each Region. Attach the instances to a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Deploy a DNS server on an EC2 instance in each Region. Set up custom logic on each DNS server to redirect the user to the Region that provides the lowest latency. Save the game metadata to an Amazon Aurora global database. | Create an Auto Scaling group for the EC2 instances. Attach the Auto Scaling group to a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in each Region. For each Region, create an Amazon Route 53 entry that uses latency-based routing and points to the NLB in that Region. Save the game metadata to an Amazon DynamoDB global table. |
| A company is deploying a third-party firewall appliance solution from AWS Marketplace to monitor and protect traffic that leaves the company's AWS environments. The company wants to deploy this appliance into a shared services VPC and route all outbound internet-bound traffic through the appliances.
A solutions architect needs to recommend a deployment method that prioritizes reliability and minimizes failover time between firewall appliances within a single AWS Region. The company has set up routing from the shared services VPC to other VPCs.
Which steps should the solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)
A. Deploy two firewall appliances into the shared services VPC, each in a separate Availability Zone.
B. Create a new Network Load Balancer in the shared services VPC. Create a new target group, and attach it to the new Network Load Balancer. Add each of the firewall appliance instances to the target group.
C. Create a new Gateway Load Balancer in the shared services VPCreate a new target group, and attach it to the new Gateway Load Balancer Add each of the firewall appliance instances to the target group.
D. Create a VPC interface endpoint. Add a route to the route table in the shared services VPC. Designate the new endpoint as the next hop for traffic that enters the shared services VPC from other VPCs.
E. Deploy two firewall appliances into the shared services VPC, each in the same Availability Zone.
F. Create a VPC Gateway Load Balancer endpoint. Add a route to the route table in the shared services VPC. Designate the new endpoint as the next hop for traffic that enters the shared services VPC from other VPCs. | Deploy two firewall appliances into the shared services VPC, each in a separate Availability Zone.
Create a new Gateway Load Balancer in the shared services VPCreate a new target group, and attach it to the new Gateway Load Balancer Add each of the firewall appliance instances to the target group
Create a VPC Gateway Load Balancer endpoint. Add a route to the route table in the shared services VPC. Designate the new endpoint as the next hop for traffic that enters the shared services VPC from other VPCs. |
| A solutions architect needs to migrate an on-premises legacy application to AWS. The application runs on two servers behind a load balancer. The application requires a license file that is associated with the MAC address of the server's network adapter It takes the software vendor 12 hours to send new license files. The application also uses configuration files with a static IP address to access a database server, host names are not supported.
Given these requirements, which combination of steps should be taken to implement highly available architecture for the application servers in AWS? (Choose two.)
A. Create a pool of ENIs. Request license files from the vendor for the pool, and store the license files in Amazon S3. Create a bootstrap automation script to download a license file and attach the corresponding ENI to an Amazon EC2 instance.
B. Create a pool of ENIs. Request license files from the vendor for the pool, store the license files on an Amazon EC2 instance. Create an AMI from the instance and use this AMI for all future EC2 instances.
C. Create a bootstrap automation script to request a new license file from the vendor .When the response is received, apply the license file to an Amazon EC2 instance.
D. Edit the bootstrap automation script to read the database server IP address from the AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store, and inject the value into the local configuration files.
E. Edit an Amazon EC2 instance to include the database server IP address in the configuration files and re-create the AMI to use for all future EC2 stances. | Create a pool of ENIs. Request license files from the vendor for the pool, and store the license files in Amazon S3. Create a bootstrap automation script to download a license file and attach the corresponding ENI to an Amazon EC2 instance.
Edit the bootstrap automation script to read the database server IP address from the AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store, and inject the value into the local configuration files. |
| A company runs its sales reporting application in an AWS Region in the United States. The application uses an Amazon API Gateway Regional API and AWS Lambda functions to generate on-demand reports from data in an Amazon RDS for MySQL database. The frontend of the application is hosted on Amazon S3 and is accessed by users through an Amazon CloudFront distribution. The company is using Amazon Route 53 as the DNS service for the domain. Route 53 is configured with a simple routing policy to route traffic to the API Gateway API.
In the next 6 months, the company plans to expand operations to Europe. More than 90% of the database traffic is read-only traffic. The company has already deployed an API Gateway API and Lambda functions in the new Region.
A solutions architect must design a solution that minimizes latency for users who download reports.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use an AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) task with full load to replicate the primary database in the original Region to the database in the new Region. Change the Route 53 record to latency-based routing to connect to the API Gateway API.
B. Use an AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) task with full load plus change data capture (CDC) to replicate the primary database in the original Region to the database in the new Region. Change the Route 53 record to geolocation routing to connect to the API Gateway API.
C. Configure a cross-Region read replica for the RDS database in the new Region Change the Route 53 record to latency-based routing to connect to the API Gateway API.
D. Configure a cross-Region read replica for the RDS database in the new Region. Change the Route 53 record to geolocation routing to connect to the API Gateway API. | Configure a cross-Region read replica for the RDS database in the new Region Change the Route 53 record to latency-based routing to connect to the API Gateway API |
| A software company needs to create short-lived test environments to test pull requests as part of its development process. Each test environment consists of a single Amazon EC2 instance that is in an Auto Scaling group.
The test environments must be able to communicate with a central server to report test results. The central server is located in an on-premises data center. A solutions architect must implement a solution so that the company can create and delete test environments without any manual intervention. The company has created a transit gateway with a VPN attachment to the on-premises network.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Create an AWS CloudFormation template that contains a transit gateway attachment and related routing configurations. Create a CloudFormation stack set that includes this template. Use CloudFormation StackSets to deploy a new stack for each VPC in the account. Deploy a new VPC for each test environment.
B. Create a single VPC for the test environments. Include a transit gateway attachment and related routing configurations. Use AWS CloudFormation to deploy all test environments into the VPC.
C. Create a new OU in AWS Organizations for testing. Create an AWS CioudFormation template that contains a VPC, necessary networking resources, a transit gateway attachment, and related routing configurations. Create a CloudFormation stack set that includes this template. Use CloudFormation StackSets for deployments into each account under the testing OU. Create a new account for each test environment.
D. Convert the test environment EC2 instances into Docker images. Use AWS CloudFormation to configure an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster in a new VPC, create a transit gateway attachment, and create related routing configurations. Use Kubernetes to manage the deployment and lifecycle of the test environments. | Create a single VPC for the test environments. Include a transit gateway attachment and related routing configurations. Use AWS CloudFormation to deploy all test environments into the VPC. |
| An online retail company hosts its stateful web-based application and MySQL database in an on-premises data center on a single server. The company wants to increase its customer base by conducting more marketing campaigns and promotions. In preparation, the company wants to migrate its application and database to AWS to increase the reliability of its architecture.
Which solution should provide the HIGHEST level of reliability?
A. Migrate the database to an Amazon RDS MySQL Multi-AZ DB instance. Deploy the application in an Auto Scaling group on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. Store sessions in Amazon Neptune
B. Migrate the database to Amazon Aurora MySQL. Deploy the application in an Auto Scaling group on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. Store sessions in an Amazon ElastiCache for Redis replication group.
C. Migrate the database to Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility). Deploy the application in an Auto Scaling group on Amazon EC2 instances behind a Network Load Balancer Store sessions in Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose.
D. Migrate the database to an Amazon RDS MariaDB Multi-AZ DB instance. Deploy the application in an Auto Scaling group on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. Store sessions in Amazon ElastiCache for Memcached. | Migrate the database to Amazon Aurora MySQL. Deploy the application in an Auto Scaling group on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. Store sessions in an Amazon ElastiCache for Redis replication group. |
| A company’s solutions architect needs to provide secure Remote Desktop connectivity to users for Amazon EC2 Windows instances that are hosted in a VPC. The solution must integrate centralized user management with the company's on-premises Active Directory. Connectivity to the VPC is through the internet. The company has hardware that can be used to establish an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Deploy a managed Active Directory by using AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory. Establish a trust with the on-premises Active Directory. Deploy an EC2 instance as a bastion host in the VPC. Ensure that the EC2 instance is joined to the domain. Use the bastion host to access the target instances through RDP.
B. Configure AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to integrate with the on-premises Active Directory by using the AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory AD Connector. Configure permission sets against user groups for access to AWS Systems Manager. Use Systems Manager Fleet Manager to access the target instances through RDP.
C. Implement a VPN between the on-premises environment and the target VPEnsure that the target instances are joined to the on-premises Active Directory domain over the VPN connection. Configure RDP access through the VPN. Connect from the company’s network to the target instances.
D. Deploy a managed Active Directory by using AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory. Establish a trust with the on-premises Active Directory. Deploy a Remote Desktop Gateway on AWS by using an AWS Quick Start. Ensure that the Remote Desktop Gateway is joined to the domain. Use the Remote Desktop Gateway to access the target instances through RDP. | Implement a VPN between the on-premises environment and the target VPEnsure that the target instances are joined to the on-premises Active Directory domain over the VPN connection. Configure RDP access through the VPN. Connect from the company’s network to the target instances. |
| A company's compliance audit reveals that some Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes that were created in an AWS account were not encrypted. A solutions architect must implement a solution to encrypt all new EBS volumes at rest.
Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST effort?
A. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to detect the creation of unencrypted EBS volumes. Invoke an AWS Lambda function to delete noncompliant volumes.
B. Use AWS Audit Manager with data encryption.
C. Create an AWS Config rule to detect the creation of a new EBS volume. Encrypt the volume by using AWS Systems Manager Automation.
D. Turn on EBS encryption by default in all AWS Regions. | Turn on EBS encryption by default in all AWS Regions. |
| A research company is running daily simulations in the AWS Cloud to meet high demand. The simulations run on several hundred Amazon EC2 instances that are based on Amazon Linux 2. Occasionally, a simulation gets stuck and requires a cloud operations engineer to solve the problem by connecting to an EC2 instance through SSH.
Company policy states that no EC2 instance can use the same SSH key and that all connections must be logged in AWS CloudTrail.
How can a solutions architect meet these requirements?
A. Launch new EC2 instances, and generate an individual SSH key for each instance. Store the SSH key in AWS Secrets Manager. Create a new IAM policy, and attach it to the engineers’ IAM role with an Allow statement for the GetSecretValue action. Instruct the engineers to fetch the SSH key from Secrets Manager when they connect through any SSH client.
B. Create an AWS Systems Manager document to run commands on EC2 instances to set a new unique SSH key. Create a new IAM policy, and attach it to the engineers’ IAM role with an Allow statement to run Systems Manager documents. Instruct the engineers to run the document to set an SSH key and to connect through any SSH client.
C. Launch new EC2 instances without setting up any SSH key for the instances. Set up EC2 Instance Connect on each instance. Create a new IAM policy, and attach it to the engineers’ IAM role with an Allow statement for the SendSSHPublicKey action. Instruct the engineers to connect to the instance by using a browser-based SSH client from the EC2 console.
D. Set up AWS Secrets Manager to store the EC2 SSH key. Create a new AWS Lambda function to create a new SSH key and to call AWS Systems Manager Session Manager to set the SSH key on the EC2 instance. Configure Secrets Manager to use the Lambda function for automatic rotation once daily. Instruct the engineers to fetch the SSH key from Secrets Manager when they connect through any SSH client. | Launch new EC2 instances without setting up any SSH key for the instances. Set up EC2 Instance Connect on each instance. Create a new IAM policy, and attach it to the engineers’ IAM role with an Allow statement for the SendSSHPublicKey action. Instruct the engineers to connect to the instance by using a browser-based SSH client from the EC2 console. |
| A company is migrating mobile banking applications to run on Amazon EC2 instances in a VPC. Backend service applications run in an on-premises data center. The data center has an AWS Direct Connect connection into AWS. The applications that run in the VPC need to resolve DNS requests to an on-premises Active Directory domain that runs in the data center.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST administrative overhead?
A. Provision a set of EC2 instances across two Availability Zones in the VPC as caching DNS servers to resolve DNS queries from the application servers within the VPC.
B. Provision an Amazon Route 53 private hosted zone. Configure NS records that point to on-premises DNS servers.
C. Create DNS endpoints by using Amazon Route 53 Resolver. Add conditional forwarding rules to resolve DNS namespaces between the on-premises data center and the VPC.
D. Provision a new Active Directory domain controller in the VPC with a bidirectional trust between this new domain and the on-premises Active Directory domain. | Create DNS endpoints by using Amazon Route 53 Resolver. Add conditional forwarding rules to resolve DNS namespaces between the on-premises data center and the VPC. |
| A company processes environmental data. The company has set up sensors to provide a continuous stream of data from different areas in a city. The data is available in JSON format.
The company wants to use an AWS solution to send the data to a database that does not require fixed schemas for storage. The data must be sent in real time.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to send the data to Amazon Redshift.
B. Use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to send the data to Amazon DynamoDB.
C. Use Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka (Amazon MSK) to send the data to Amazon Aurora.
D. Use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to send the data to Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra). | Use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to send the data to Amazon DynamoDB. |
| A company is migrating a legacy application from an on-premises data center to AWS. The application uses MongoDB as a key-value database. According to the company's technical guidelines, all Amazon EC2 instances must be hosted in a private subnet without an internet connection. In addition, all connectivity between applications and databases must be encrypted. The database must be able to scale based on demand.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create new Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility) tables for the application with Provisioned IOPS volumes. Use the instance endpoint to connect to Amazon DocumentDB.
B. Create new Amazon DynamoDB tables for the application with on-demand capacity. Use a gateway VPC endpoint for DynamoDB to connect to the DynamoDB tables.
C. Create new Amazon DynamoDB tables for the application with on-demand capacity. Use an interface VPC endpoint for DynamoDB to connect to the DynamoDB tables.
D. Create new Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility) tables for the application with Provisioned IOPS volumes. Use the cluster endpoint to connect to Amazon DocumentDB. | Create new Amazon DynamoDB tables for the application with on-demand capacity. Use a gateway VPC endpoint for DynamoDB to connect to the DynamoDB tables. |
| A company is running an application on Amazon EC2 instances in the AWS Cloud. The application is using a MongoDB database with a replica set as its data tier. The MongoDB database is installed on systems in the company’s on-premises data center and is accessible through an AWS Direct Connect connection to the data center environment.
A solutions architect must migrate the on-premises MongoDB database to Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility).
Which strategy should the solutions architect choose to perform this migration?
A. Create a fleet of EC2 instances. Install MongoDB Community Edition on the EC2 instances, and create a database. Configure continuous synchronous replication with the database that is running in the on-premises data center.
B. Create an AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) replication instance. Create a source endpoint for the on-premises MongoDB database by using change data capture (CDC). Create a target endpoint for the Amazon DocumentDB database. Create and run a DMS migration task.
C. Create a data migration pipeline by using AWS Data Pipeline. Define data nodes for the on-premises MongoDB database and the Amazon DocumentDB database. Create a scheduled task to run the data pipeline.
D. Create a source endpoint for the on-premises MongoDB database by using AWS Glue crawlers. Configure continuous asynchronous replication between the MongoDB database and the Amazon DocumentDB database. | Create an AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) replication instance. Create a source endpoint for the on-premises MongoDB database by using change data capture (CDC). Create a target endpoint for the Amazon DocumentDB database. Create and run a DMS migration task |
| A company is rearchitecting its applications to run on AWS. The company’s infrastructure includes multiple Amazon EC2 instances. The company's development team needs different levels of access. The company wants to implement a policy that requires all Windows EC2 instances to be joined to an Active Directory domain on AWS. The company also wants to implement enhanced security processes such as multi-factor authentication (MFA). The company wants to use managed AWS services wherever possible.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create an AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory implementation. Launch an Amazon Workspace. Connect to and use the Workspace for domain security configuration tasks.
B. Create an AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory implementation. Launch an EC2 instance. Connect to and use the EC2 instance for domain security configuration tasks.
C. Create an AWS Directory Service Simple AD implementation. Launch an EC2 instance. Connect to and use the EC2 instance for domain security configuration tasks.
D. Create an AWS Directory Service Simple AD implementation. Launch an Amazon Workspace. Connect to and use the Workspace for domain security configuration tasks. | Create an AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory implementation. Launch an EC2 instance. Connect to and use the EC2 instance for domain security configuration tasks |
| A company orchestrates a multi-account structure on AWS by using AWS Control Tower. The company is using AWS Organizations, AWS Config, and AWS Trusted Advisor. The company has a specific OU for development accounts that developers use to experiment on AWS. The company has hundreds of developers, and each developer has an individual development account.
The company wants to optimize costs in these development accounts. Amazon EC2 instances and Amazon RDS instances in these accounts must be burstable. The company wants to disallow the use of other services that are not relevant.
What should a solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements?
A. Create a custom SCP in AWS Organizations to allow the deployment of only burstable instances and to disallow services that are not relevant. Apply the SCP to the development OU.
B. Create a custom detective control (guardrail) in AWS Control Tower. Configure the control (guardrail) to allow the deployment of only burstable instances and to disallow services that are not relevant. Apply the control (guardrail) to the development OU.
C. Create a custom preventive control (guardrail) in AWS Control Tower. Configure the control (guardrail) to allow the deployment of only burstable instances and to disallow services that are not relevant. Apply the control (guardrail) to the development OU.
D. Create an AWS Config rule in the AWS Control Tower account. Configure the AWS Config rule to allow the deployment of only burstable instances and to disallow services that are not relevant. Deploy the AWS Config rule to the development OU by using AWS CloudFormation StackSets. | Create a custom preventive control (guardrail) in AWS Control Tower. Configure the control (guardrail) to allow the deployment of only burstable instances and to disallow services that are not relevant. Apply the control (guardrail) to the development OU. |
| A financial services company runs a complex, multi-tier application on Amazon EC2 instances and AWS Lambda functions. The application stores temporary data in Amazon S3. The S3 objects are valid for only 45 minutes and are deleted after 24 hours.
The company deploys each version of the application by launching an AWS CloudFormation stack. The stack creates all resources that are required to run the application. When the company deploys and validates a new application version, the company deletes the CloudFormation stack of the old version.
The company recently tried to delete the CloudFormation stack of an old application version, but the operation failed. An analysis shows that CloudFormation failed to delete an existing S3 bucket. A solutions architect needs to resolve this issue without making major changes to the application's architecture.
Which solution meets these requirements?
A. Implement a Lambda function that deletes all files from a given S3 bucket. Integrate this Lambda function as a custom resource into the CloudFormation stack. Ensure that the custom resource has a DependsOn attribute that points to the S3 bucket's resource.
B. Modify the CloudFormation template to provision an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system to store the temporary files there instead of in Amazon S3. Configure the Lambda functions to run in the same VPC as the file system. Mount the file system to the EC2 instances and Lambda functions.
C. Modify the CloudF ormation stack to create an S3 Lifecycle rule that expires all objects 45 minutes after creation. Add a DependsOn attribute that points to the S3 bucket’s resource.
D. Modify the CloudFormation stack to attach a DeletionPolicy attribute with a value of Delete to the S3 bucket. | Implement a Lambda function that deletes all files from a given S3 bucket. Integrate this Lambda function as a custom resource into the CloudFormation stack. Ensure that the custom resource has a DependsOn attribute that points to the S3 bucket's resource. |
| A company has developed a mobile game. The backend for the game runs on several virtual machines located in an on-premises data center. The business logic is exposed using a REST API with multiple functions. Player session data is stored in central file storage. Backend services use different API keys for throttling and to distinguish between live and test traffic.
The load on the game backend varies throughout the day. During peak hours, the server capacity is not sufficient. There are also latency issues when fetching player session data. Management has asked a solutions architect to present a cloud architecture that can handle the game’s varying load and provide low-latency data access. The API model should not be changed.
Which solution meets these requirements?
A. Implement the REST API using a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Run the business logic on an Amazon EC2 instance behind the NLB. Store player session data in Amazon Aurora Serverless.
B. Implement the REST API using an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Run the business logic in AWS Lambda. Store player session data in Amazon DynamoDB with on-demand capacity.
C. Implement the REST API using Amazon API Gateway. Run the business logic in AWS Lambda. Store player session data in Amazon DynamoDB with on-demand capacity.
D. Implement the REST API using AWS AppSync. Run the business logic in AWS Lambda. Store player session data in Amazon Aurora Serverless | Implement the REST API using Amazon API Gateway. Run the business logic in AWS Lambda. Store player session data in Amazon DynamoDB with on-demand capacity. |
| A company is migrating an application to the AWS Cloud. The application runs in an on-premises data center and writes thousands of images into a mounted NFS file system each night. After the company migrates the application, the company will host the application on an Amazon EC2 instance with a mounted Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system.
The company has established an AWS Direct Connect connection to AWS. Before the migration cutover, a solutions architect must build a process that will replicate the newly created on-premises images to the EFS file system.
What is the MOST operationally efficient way to replicate the images?
A. Configure a periodic process to run the aws s3 sync command from the on-premises file system to Amazon S3. Configure an AWS Lambda function to process event notifications from Amazon S3 and copy the images from Amazon S3 to the EFS file system.
B. Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway with an NFS mount point. Mount the file gateway file system on the on-premises server. Configure a process to periodically copy the images to the mount point.
C. Deploy an AWS DataSync agent to an on-premises server that has access to the NFS file system. Send data over the Direct Connect connection to an S3 bucket by using a public VIF. Configure an AWS Lambda function to process event notifications from Amazon S3 and copy the images from Amazon S3 to the EFS file system.
D. Deploy an AWS DataSync agent to an on-premises server that has access to the NFS file system. Send data over the Direct Connect connection to an AWS PrivateLink interface VPC endpoint for Amazon EFS by using a private VIF. Configure a DataSync scheduled task to send the images to the EFS file system every 24 hours. | Deploy an AWS DataSync agent to an on-premises server that has access to the NFS file system. Send data over the Direct Connect connection to an AWS PrivateLink interface VPC endpoint for Amazon EFS by using a private VIF. Configure a DataSync scheduled task to send the images to the EFS file system every 24 hours. |
| A company recently migrated a web application from an on-premises data center to the AWS Cloud. The web application infrastructure consists of an Amazon CloudFront distribution that routes to an Application Load Balancer (ALB), with Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) to process requests. A recent security audit revealed that the web application is accessible by using both CloudFront and ALB endpoints. However, the company requires that the web application must be accessible only by using the CloudFront endpoint.
Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST amount of effort?
A. Create a new security group and attach it to the CloudFront distribution. Update the ALB security group ingress to allow access only from the CloudFront security group.
B. Update ALB security group ingress to allow access only from the com.amazonaws.global.cloudfront.origin-facing CloudFront managed prefix list.
C. Create a com.amazonaws.region.elasticloadbalancing VPC interface endpoint for Elastic Load Balancing. Update the ALB scheme from internet-facing to internal.
D. Extract CloudFront IPs from the AWS provided ip-ranges.json document. Update ALB security group ingress to allow access only from CloudFront IPs. | Update ALB security group ingress to allow access only from the com.amazonaws.global.cloudfront.origin-facing CloudFront managed prefix list |
| A company hosts a community forum site using an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and a Docker application hosted in an Amazon ECS cluster. The site data is stored in Amazon RDS for MySQL and the container image is stored in ECR. The company needs to provide their customers with a disaster recovery SLA with an RTO of no more than 24 hours and RPO of no more than 8 hours.
Which of the following solutions is the MOST cost-effective way to meet the requirements?
A. Use AWS CloudFormation to deploy identical ALB, EC2, ECS and RDS resources in two regions. Schedule RDS snapshots every 8 hours. Use RDS multi-region replication to update the secondary region's copy of the database. In the event of a failure, restore from the latest snapshot, and use an Amazon Route 53 DNS failover policy to automatically redirect customers to the ALB in the secondary region.
B. Store the Docker image in ECR in two regions. Schedule RDS snapshots every 8 hours with snapshots copied to the secondary region. In the event of a failure, use AWS CloudFormation to deploy the ALB, EC2, ECS and RDS resources in the secondary region, restore from the latest snapshot, and update the DNS record to point to the ALB in the secondary region.
C. Use AWS CloudFormation to deploy identical ALB, EC2, ECS, and RDS resources in a secondary region. Schedule hourly RDS MySQL backups to Amazon S3 and use cross-region replication to replicate data to a bucket in the secondary region. In the event of a failure, import the latest Docker image to Amazon ECR in the secondary region, deploy to the EC2 instance, restore the latest MySQL backup, and update the DNS record to point to the ALB in the secondary region.
D. Deploy a pilot light environment in a secondary region with an ALB and a minimal resource EC2 deployment for Docker in an AWS Auto Scaling group with a scaling policy to increase instance size and number of nodes. Create a cross-region read replica of the RDS data. In the event of a failure, promote the replica to primary, and update the DNS record to point to the ALB in the secondary region. | Store the Docker image in ECR in two regions. Schedule RDS snapshots every 8 hours with snapshots copied to the secondary region. In the event of a failure, use AWS CloudFormation to deploy the ALB, EC2, ECS and RDS resources in the secondary region, restore from the latest snapshot, and update the DNS record to point to the ALB in the secondary region |
| A company is migrating its infrastructure to the AWS Cloud. The company must comply with a variety of regulatory standards for different projects. The company needs a multi-account environment.
A solutions architect needs to prepare the baseline infrastructure. The solution must provide a consistent baseline of management and security, but it must allow flexibility for different compliance requirements within various AWS accounts. The solution also needs to integrate with the existing on-premises Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) server.
Which solution meets these requirements with the LEAST amount of operational overhead?
A. Create an organization in AWS Organizations. Create a single SCP for least privilege access across all accounts. Create a single OU for all accounts. Configure an IAM identity provider for federation with the on-premises AD FS server. Configure a central logging account with a defined process for log generating services to send log events to the central account. Enable AWS Config in the central account with conformance packs for all accounts.
B. Create an organization in AWS Organizations. Enable AWS Control Tower on the organization. Review included controls (guardrails) for SCPs. Check AWS Config for areas that require additions. Add OUs as necessary. Connect AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to the on-premises AD FS server.
C. Create an organization in AWS Organizations. Create SCPs for least privilege access. Create an OU structure, and use it to group AWS accounts. Connect AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to the on-premises AD FS server. Configure a central logging account with a defined process for log generating services to send log events to the central account. Enable AWS Config in the central account with aggregators and conformance packs.
D. Create an organization in AWS Organizations. Enable AWS Control Tower on the organization. Review included controls (guardrails) for SCPs. Check AWS Config for areas that require additions. Configure an IAM identity provider for federation with the on-premises AD FS server. | Create an organization in AWS Organizations. Enable AWS Control Tower on the organization. Review included controls (guardrails) for SCPs. Check AWS Config for areas that require additions. Configure an IAM identity provider for federation with the on-premises AD FS server. |
| An online magazine will launch its latest edition this month. This edition will be the first to be distributed globally. The magazine's dynamic website currently uses an Application Load Balancer in front of the web tier, a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances for web and application servers, and Amazon Aurora MySQL. Portions of the website include static content and almost all traffic is read-only.
The magazine is expecting a significant spike in internet traffic when the new edition is launched. Optimal performance is a top priority for the week following the launch.
Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to reduce system response times for a global audience? (Choose two.)
A. Use logical cross-Region replication to replicate the Aurora MySQL database to a secondary Region. Replace the web servers with Amazon S3. Deploy S3 buckets in cross-Region replication mode.
B. Ensure the web and application tiers are each in Auto Scaling groups. Introduce an AWS Direct Connect connection. Deploy the web and application tiers in Regions across the world.
C. Migrate the database from Amazon Aurora to Amazon RDS for MySQL. Ensure all three of the application tiers – web, application, and database – are in private subnets.
D. Use an Aurora global database for physical cross-Region replication. Use Amazon S3 with cross-Region replication for static content and resources. Deploy the web and application tiers in Regions across the world.
E. Introduce Amazon Route 53 with latency-based routing and Amazon CloudFront distributions. Ensure the web and application tiers are each in Auto Scaling groups. | Use an Aurora global database for physical cross-Region replication. Use Amazon S3 with cross-Region replication for static content and resources. Deploy the web and application tiers in Regions across the world.
Introduce Amazon Route 53 with latency-based routing and Amazon CloudFront distributions. Ensure the web and application tiers are each in Auto Scaling groups. |
| An online gaming company needs to optimize the cost of its workloads on AWS. The company uses a dedicated account to host the production environment for its online gaming application and an analytics application.
Amazon EC2 instances host the gaming application and must always be available. The EC2 instances run all year. The analytics application uses data that is stored in Amazon S3. The analytics application can be interrupted and resumed without issue.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Purchase an EC2 Instance Savings Plan for the online gaming application instances. Use On-Demand Instances for the analytics application.
B. Purchase an EC2 Instance Savings Plan for the online gaming application instances. Use Spot Instances for the analytics application.
C. Use Spot Instances for the online gaming application and the analytics application. Set up a catalog in AWS Service Catalog to provision services at a discount.
D. Use On-Demand Instances for the online gaming application. Use Spot Instances for the analytics application. Set up a catalog in AWS Service Catalog to provision services at a discount. | Purchase an EC2 Instance Savings Plan for the online gaming application instances. Use Spot Instances for the analytics application. |
| A company runs applications in hundreds of production AWS accounts. The company uses AWS Organizations with all features enabled and has a centralized backup operation that uses AWS Backup.
The company is concerned about ransomware attacks. To address this concern, the company has created a new policy that all backups must be resilient to breaches of privileged-user credentials in any production account.
Which combination of steps will meet this new requirement? (Choose three.)
A. Implement cross-account backup with AWS Backup vaults in designated non-production accounts.
B. Add an SCP that restricts the modification of AWS Backup vaults.
C. Implement AWS Backup Vault Lock in compliance mode.
C. Implement least privilege access for the IAM service role that is assigned to AWS Backup.
D. Configure the backup frequency, lifecycle, and retention period to ensure that at least one backup always exists in the cold tier.
E. Configure AWS Backup to write all backups to an Amazon S3 bucket in a designated non-production account. Ensure that the S3 bucket has S3 Object Lock enabled. | Implement cross-account backup with AWS Backup vaults in designated non-production accounts.
Add an SCP that restricts the modification of AWS Backup vaults.
Implement AWS Backup Vault Lock in compliance mode. |
| A company needs to aggregate Amazon CloudWatch logs from its AWS accounts into one central logging account. The collected logs must remain in the AWS Region of creation. The central logging account will then process the logs, normalize the logs into standard output format, and stream the output logs to a security tool for more processing.
A solutions architect must design a solution that can handle a large volume of logging data that needs to be ingested. Less logging will occur outside normal business hours than during normal business hours. The logging solution must scale with the anticipated load. The solutions architect has decided to use an AWS Control Tower design to handle the multi-account logging process.
Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet the requirements? (Choose three.)
A. Create a destination Amazon Kinesis data stream in the central logging account.
B. Create a destination Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue in the central logging account.
C. Create an IAM role that grants Amazon CloudWatch Logs the permission to add data to the Amazon Kinesis data stream. Create a trust policy. Specify the trust policy in the IAM role. In each member account, create a subscription filter for each log group to send data to the Kinesis data stream.
D. Create an IAM role that grants Amazon CloudWatch Logs the permission to add data to the Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Create a trust policy. Specify the trust policy in the IAM role. In each member account, create a single subscription filter for all log groups to send data to the SQS queue.
E. Create an AWS Lambda function. Program the Lambda function to normalize the logs in the central logging account and to write the logs to the security tool.
F. Create an AWS Lambda function. Program the Lambda function to normalize the logs in the member accounts and to write the logs to the security tool. | Create a destination Amazon Kinesis data stream in the central logging account
Create an IAM role that grants Amazon CloudWatch Logs the permission to add data to the Amazon Kinesis data stream. Create a trust policy. Specify the trust policy in the IAM role. In each member account, create a subscription filter for each log group to send data to the Kinesis data stream
Create an AWS Lambda function. Program the Lambda function to normalize the logs in the central logging account and to write the logs to the security tool. |
| A company is migrating a legacy application from an on-premises data center to AWS. The application consists of a single application server and a Microsoft SQL Server database server. Each server is deployed on a VMware VM that consumes 500 TB of data across multiple attached volumes.
The company has established a 10 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection from the closest AWS Region to its on-premises data center. The Direct Connect connection is not currently in use by other services.
Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to migrate the application with the LEAST amount of downtime? (Choose two.)
A. Use an AWS Server Migration Service (AWS SMS) replication job to migrate the database server VM to AWS.
B. Use VM Import/Export to import the application server VM.
C. Export the VM images to an AWS Snowball Edge Storage Optimized device.
D. Use an AWS Server Migration Service (AWS SMS) replication job to migrate the application server VM to AWS.
E. Use an AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) replication instance to migrate the database to an Amazon RDS DB instance. | Use an AWS Server Migration Service (AWS SMS) replication job to migrate the application server VM to AWS
Use an AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) replication instance to migrate the database to an Amazon RDS DB instance. |
| A company operates a fleet of servers on premises and operates a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances in its organization in AWS Organizations. The company's AWS accounts contain hundreds of VPCs. The company wants to connect its AWS accounts to its on-premises network. AWS Site-to-Site VPN connections are already established to a single AWS account. The company wants to control which VPCs can communicate with other VPCs.
Which combination of steps will achieve this level of control with the LEAST operational effort? (Choose three.)
A. Create a transit gateway in an AWS account. Share the transit gateway across accounts by using AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM).
B. Configure attachments to all VPCs and VPNs.
C. Setup transit gateway route tables. Associate the VPCs and VPNs with the route tables.
D. Configure VPC peering between the VPCs.
E. Configure attachments between the VPCs and VPNs.
F. Setup route tables on the VPCs and VPNs. | Create a transit gateway in an AWS account. Share the transit gateway across accounts by using AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM)
Configure attachments to all VPCs and VPNs.
Setup transit gateway route tables. Associate the VPCs and VPNs with the route tables. |
| A company needs to optimize the cost of its application on AWS. The application uses AWS Lambda functions and Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) containers that run on AWS Fargate. The application is write-heavy and stores data in an Amazon Aurora MySQL database.
The load on the application is not consistent. The application experiences long periods of no usage, followed by sudden and significant increases and decreases in traffic. The database runs on a memory optimized DB instance that cannot handle the load.
A solutions architect must design a solution that can scale to handle the changes in traffic.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Add additional read replicas to the database. Purchase Instance Savings Plans and RDS Reserved Instances.
B. Migrate the database to an Aurora DB cluster that has multiple writer instances. Purchase Instance Savings Plans.
C. Migrate the database to an Aurora global database. Purchase Compute Savings Plans and RDS Reserved instances.
D. Migrate the database to Aurora Serverless v1. Purchase Compute Savings Plans. | Migrate the database to Aurora Serverless v1. Purchase Compute Savings Plans |
| A company migrated an application to the AWS Cloud. The application runs on two Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB).
Application data is stored in a MySQL database that runs on an additional EC2 instance. The application's use of the database is read-heavy.
The application loads static content from Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes that are attached to each EC2 instance. The static content is updated frequently and must be copied to each EBS volume.
The load on the application changes throughout the day. During peak hours, the application cannot handle all the incoming requests. Trace data shows that the database cannot handle the read load during peak hours.
Which solution will improve the reliability of the application?
A. Migrate the application to a set of AWS Lambda functions. Set the Lambda functions as targets for the ALB. Create a new single EBS volume for the static content. Configure the Lambda functions to read from the new EBS volume. Migrate the database to an Amazon RDS for MySQL Multi-AZ DB cluster.
B. Migrate the application to a set of AWS Step Functions state machines. Set the state machines as targets for the ALCreate an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system for the static content. Configure the state machines to read from the EFS file system. Migrate the database to Amazon Aurora MySQL Serverless v2 with a reader DB instance.
C. Containerize the application. Migrate the application to an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster. Use the AWS Fargate launch type for the tasks that host the application. Create a new single EBS volume for the static content. Mount the new EBS volume on the ECS cluster. Configure AWS Application Auto Scaling on the ECS cluster. Set the ECS service as a target for the ALB. Migrate the database to an Amazon RDS for MySQL Multi-AZ DB cluster.
D. Containerize the application. Migrate the application to an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster. Use the AWS Fargate launch type for the tasks that host the application. Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system for the static content. Mount the EFS file system to each container. Configure AWS Application Auto Scaling on the ECS cluster. Set the ECS service as a target for the ALB. Migrate the database to Amazon Aurora MySQL Serverless v2 with a reader DB instance. | Containerize the application. Migrate the application to an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster. Use the AWS Fargate launch type for the tasks that host the application. Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system for the static content. Mount the EFS file system to each container. Configure AWS Application Auto Scaling on the ECS cluster. Set the ECS service as a target for the ALB. Migrate the database to Amazon Aurora MySQL Serverless v2 with a reader DB instance. |
| A solutions architect wants to make sure that only AWS users or roles with suitable permissions can access a new Amazon API Gateway endpoint. The solutions architect wants an end-to-end view of each request to analyze the latency of the request and create service maps.
How can the solutions architect design the API Gateway access control and perform request inspections?
A. For the API Gateway method, set the authorization to AWS_IAM. Then, give the IAM user or role execute-api:Invoke permission on the REST API resource. Enable the API caller to sign requests with AWS Signature when accessing the endpoint. Use AWS X-Ray to trace and analyze user requests to API Gateway.
B. For the API Gateway resource, set CORS to enabled and only return the company's domain in Access-Control-Allow-Origin headers. Then, give the IAM user or role execute-api:Invoke permission on the REST API resource. Use Amazon CloudWatch to trace and analyze user requests to API Gateway.
C. Create an AWS Lambda function as the custom authorizer, ask the API client to pass the key and secret when making the call, and then use Lambda to validate the key/secret pair against the IAM system. Use AWS X-Ray to trace and analyze user requests to API Gateway.
D. Create a client certificate for API Gateway. Distribute the certificate to the AWS users and roles that need to access the endpoint. Enable the API caller to pass the client certificate when accessing the endpoint. Use Amazon CloudWatch to trace and analyze user requests to API Gateway. | For the API Gateway method, set the authorization to AWS_IAM. Then, give the IAM user or role execute-api:Invoke permission on the REST API resource. Enable the API caller to sign requests with AWS Signature when accessing the endpoint. Use AWS X-Ray to trace and analyze user requests to API Gateway. |
| A company is using AWS CodePipeline for the CI/CD of an application to an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group. All AWS resources are defined in AWS CloudFormation templates. The application artifacts are stored in an Amazon S3 bucket and deployed to the Auto Scaling group using instance user data scripts. As the application has become more complex, recent resource changes in the CloudFormation templates have caused unplanned downtime.
How should a solutions architect improve the CI/CD pipeline to reduce the likelihood that changes in the templates will cause downtime?
A. Adapt the deployment scripts to detect and report CloudFormation error conditions when performing deployments. Write test plans for a testing team to run in a non-production environment before approving the change for production.
B. Implement automated testing using AWS CodeBuild in a test environment. Use CloudFormation change sets to evaluate changes before deployment. Use AWS CodeDeploy to leverage blue/green deployment patterns to allow evaluations and the ability to revert changes, if needed.
C. Use plugins for the integrated development environment (IDE) to check the templates for errors, and use the AWS CLI to validate that the templates are correct. Adapt the deployment code to check for error conditions and generate notifications on errors. Deploy to a test environment and run a manual test plan before approving the change for production.
D. Use AWS CodeDeploy and a blue/green deployment pattern with CloudFormation to replace the user data deployment scripts. Have the operators log in to running instances and go through a manual test plan to verify the application is running as expected. | Use AWS CodeDeploy and a blue/green deployment pattern with CloudFormation to replace the user data deployment scripts. Have the operators log in to running instances and go through a manual test plan to verify the application is running as expected. |
| A North American company with headquarters on the East Coast is deploying a new web application running on Amazon EC2 in the us-east-1 Region. The application should dynamically scale to meet user demand and maintain resiliency. Additionally, the application must have disaster recovery capabilities in an active-passive configuration with the us-west-1 Region.
Which steps should a solutions architect take after creating a VPC in the us-east-1 Region?
A. Create a VPC in the us-west-1 Region. Use inter-Region VPC peering to connect both VPCs. Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) spanning multiple Availability Zones (AZs) to the VPC in the us-east-1 Region. Deploy EC2 instances across multiple AZs in each Region as part of an Auto Scaling group spanning both VPCs and served by the ALB.
B. Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) spanning multiple Availability Zones (AZs) to the VPC in the us-east-1 Region. Deploy EC2 instances across multiple AZs as part of an Auto Scaling group served by the ALDeploy the same solution to the us-west-1 Region. Create an Amazon Route 53 record set with a failover routing policy and health checks enabled to provide high availability across both Regions.
C. Create a VPC in the us-west-1 Region. Use inter-Region VPC peering to connect both VPCs. Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that spans both VPCs. Deploy EC2 instances across multiple Availability Zones as part of an Auto Scaling group in each VPC served by the ALB. Create an Amazon Route 53 record that points to the ALB.
D. Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) spanning multiple Availability Zones (AZs) to the VPC in the us-east-1 Region. Deploy EC2 instances across multiple AZs as part of an Auto Scaling group served by the ALB. Deploy the same solution to the us-west-1 Region. Create separate Amazon Route 53 records in each Region that point to the ALB in the Region. Use Route 53 health checks to provide high availability across both Regions. | Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) spanning multiple Availability Zones (AZs) to the VPC in the us-east-1 Region. Deploy EC2 instances across multiple AZs as part of an Auto Scaling group served by the ALDeploy the same solution to the us-west-1 Region. Create an Amazon Route 53 record set with a failover routing policy and health checks enabled to provide high availability across both Regions. |
| A company has a legacy application that runs on multiple NET Framework components. The components share the same Microsoft SQL Server database and communicate with each other asynchronously by using Microsoft Message Queueing (MSMQ).
The company is starting a migration to containerized .NET Core components and wants to refactor the application to run on AWS. The .NET Core components require complex orchestration. The company must have full control over networking and host configuration. The application's database model is strongly relational.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Host the INET Core components on AWS App Runner. Host the database on Amazon RDS for SQL Server. Use Amazon EventBiridge for asynchronous messaging.
B. Host the .NET Core components on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) with the AWS Fargate launch type. Host the database on Amazon DynamoDUse Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) for asynchronous messaging.
C. Host the .NET Core components on AWS Elastic Beanstalk. Host the database on Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL Serverless v2. Use Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka (Amazon MSK) for asynchronous messaging.
D. Host the NET Core components on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) with the Amazon EC2 launch type. Host the database on Amazon Aurora MySQL Serverless v2. Use Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) for asynchronous messaging. | Host the NET Core components on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) with the Amazon EC2 launch type. Host the database on Amazon Aurora MySQL Serverless v2. Use Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) for asynchronous messaging. |
| A solutions architect has launched multiple Amazon EC2 instances in a placement group within a single Availability Zone. Because of additional load on the system, the solutions architect attempts to add new instances to the placement group. However, the solutions architect receives an insufficient capacity error.
What should the solutions architect do to troubleshoot this issue?
A. Use a spread placement group. Set a minimum of eight instances for each Availability Zone.
B. Stop and start all the instances in the placement group. Try the launch again.
C. Create a new placement group. Merge the new placement group with the original placement group.
D. Launch the additional instances as Dedicated Hosts in the placement groups. | Stop and start all the instances in the placement group. Try the launch again |
| A company has used infrastructure as code (IaC) to provision a set of two Amazon EC2 instances. The instances have remained the same for several years.
The company's business has grown rapidly in the past few months. In response, the company’s operations team has implemented an Auto Scaling group to manage the sudden increases in traffic. Company policy requires a monthly installation of security updates on all operating systems that are running.
The most recent security update required a reboot. As a result, the Auto Scaling group terminated the instances and replaced them with new, unpatched instances.
Which combination of steps should a solutions architect recommend to avoid a recurrence of this issue? (Choose two.)
A. Modify the Auto Scaling group by setting the Update policy to target the oldest launch configuration for replacement.
B. Create a new Auto Scaling group before the next patch maintenance. During the maintenance window, patch both groups and reboot the instances.
C. Create an Elastic Load Balancer in front of the Auto Scaling group. Configure monitoring to ensure that target group health checks return healthy after the Auto Scaling group replaces the terminated instances.
D. Create automation scripts to patch an AMI, update the launch configuration, and invoke an Auto Scaling instance refresh.
E. Create an Elastic Load Balancer in front of the Auto Scaling group. Configure termination protection on the instances. | Create an Elastic Load Balancer in front of the Auto Scaling group. Configure monitoring to ensure that target group health checks return healthy after the Auto Scaling group replaces the terminated instances
Create automation scripts to patch an AMI, update the launch configuration, and invoke an Auto Scaling instance refresh. |
| A team of data scientists is using Amazon SageMaker instances and SageMaker APIs to train machine learning (ML) models. The SageMaker instances are deployed in a VPC that does not have access to or from the internet. Datasets for ML model training are stored in an Amazon S3 bucket. Interface VPC endpoints provide access to Amazon S3 and the SageMaker APIs.
Occasionally, the data scientists require access to the Python Package Index (PyPI) repository to update Python packages that they use as part of their workflow. A solutions architect must provide access to the PyPI repository while ensuring that the SageMaker instances remain isolated from the internet.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create an AWS CodeCommit repository for each package that the data scientists need to access. Configure code synchronization between the PyPI repository and the CodeCommit repository. Create a VPC endpoint for CodeCommit.
B. Create a NAT gateway in the VPC. Configure VPC routes to allow access to the internet with a network ACL that allows access to only the PyPI repository endpoint.
C. Create a NAT instance in the VPConfigure VPC routes to allow access to the internet. Configure SageMaker notebook instance firewall rules that allow access to only the PyPI repository endpoint.
D. Create an AWS CodeArtifact domain and repository. Add an external connection for public:pypi to the CodeArtifact repository. Configure the Python client to use the CodeArtifact repository. Create a VPC endpoint for CodeArtifact. | Create an AWS CodeArtifact domain and repository. Add an external connection for public:pypi to the CodeArtifact repository. Configure the Python client to use the CodeArtifact repository. Create a VPC endpoint for CodeArtifact. |
| A solutions architect works for a government agency that has strict disaster recovery requirements. All Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) snapshots are required to be saved in at least two additional AWS Regions. The agency also is required to maintain the lowest possible operational overhead.
Which solution meets these requirements?
A. Configure a policy in Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager (Amazon DLM) to run once daily to copy the EBS snapshots to the additional Regions.
B. Use Amazon EventBridge to schedule an AWS Lambda function to copy the EBS snapshots to the additional Regions.
C. Setup AWS Backup to create the EBS snapshots. Configure Amazon S3 Cross-Region Replication to copy the EBS snapshots to the additional Regions.
D. Schedule Amazon EC2 Image Builder to run once daily to create an AMI and copy the AMI to the additional Regions. | Configure a policy in Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager (Amazon DLM) to run once daily to copy the EBS snapshots to the additional Regions. |
| A company has a project that is launching Amazon EC2 instances that are larger than required. The project's account cannot be part of the company's organization in AWS Organizations due to policy restrictions to keep this activity outside of corporate IT. The company wants to allow only the launch of t3.small EC2 instances by developers in the project's account. These EC2 instances must be restricted to the us-east-2 Region.
What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?
A. Create a new developer account. Move all EC2 instances, users, and assets into us-east-2. Add the account to the company's organization in AWS Organizations. Enforce a tagging policy that denotes Region affinity.
B. Create an SCP that denies the launch of all EC2 instances except t3.small EC2 instances in us-east-2. Attach the SCP to the project's account.
C. Create and purchase a t3.small EC2 Reserved Instance for each developer in us-east-2. Assign each developer a specific EC2 instance with their name as the tag.
D. Create an IAM policy than allows the launch of only t3.small EC2 instances in us-east-2. Attach the policy to the roles and groups that the developers use in the project's account. | Create an IAM policy than allows the launch of only t3.small EC2 instances in us-east-2. Attach the policy to the roles and groups that the developers use in the project's account |
| A scientific company needs to process text and image data from an Amazon S3 bucket. The data is collected from several radar stations during a live, time-critical phase of a deep space mission. The radar stations upload the data to the source S3 bucket. The data is prefixed by radar station identification number.
The company created a destination S3 bucket in a second account. Data must be copied from the source S3 bucket to the destination S3 bucket to meet a compliance objective. This replication occurs through the use of an S3 replication rule to cover all objects in the source S3 bucket.
One specific radar station is identified as having the most accurate data. Data replication at this radar station must be monitored for completion within 30 minutes after the radar station uploads the objects to the source S3 bucket.
What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?
A. Setup an AWS DataSync agent to replicate the prefixed data from the source S3 bucket to the destination S3 bucket. Select to use all available bandwidth on the task, and monitor the task to ensure that itis in the TRANSFERRING status. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to initiate an alert if this status changes.
B. In the second account, create another S3 bucket to receive data from the radar station with the most accurate data. Set up a new replication rule for this new S3 bucket to separate the replication from the other radar stations. Monitor the maximum replication time to the destination. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to initiate an alert when the time exceeds the desired threshold.
C. Enable Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration on the source S3 bucket, and configure the radar station with the most accurate data to use the new endpoint. Monitor the S3 destination bucket's TotalRequestLatency metric. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to initiate an alert if this status changes.
D. Create a new S3 replication rule on the source S3 bucket that filters for the keys that use the prefix of the radar station with the most accurate data. Enable S3 Replication Time Control (S3 RTC). Monitor the maximum replication time to the destination. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to initiate an alert when the time exceeds the desired threshold. | Create a new S3 replication rule on the source S3 bucket that filters for the keys that use the prefix of the radar station with the most accurate data. Enable S3 Replication Time Control (S3 RTC). Monitor the maximum replication time to the destination. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to initiate an alert when the time exceeds the desired threshold |
| A company wants to migrate its on-premises data center to the AWS Cloud. This includes thousands of virtualized Linux and Microsoft Windows servers, SAN storage, Java and PHP applications with MySQL, and Oracle databases. There are many dependent services hosted either in the same data center or externally. The technical documentation is incomplete and outdated. A solutions architect needs to understand the current environment and estimate the cloud resource costs after the migration.
Which tools or services should the solutions architect use to plan the cloud migration? (Choose three.)
A. AWS Application Discovery Service
B. AWS SMS
C. AWS X-Ray
D. AWS Cloud Adoption Readiness Tool (CART)
E. Amazon Inspector
F. AWS Migration Hub | AWS Application Discovery Service
AWS Cloud Adoption Readiness Tool (CART)
AWS Migration Hub |
| A solutions architect is reviewing an application's resilience before launch. The application runs on an Amazon EC2 instance that is deployed in a private subnet of a VPC. The EC2 instance is provisioned by an Auto Scaling group that has a minimum capacity of 1 and a maximum capacity of 1. The application stores data on an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance. The VPC has subnets configured in three Availability Zones and is configured with a single NAT gateway.
The solutions architect needs to recommend a solution to ensure that the application will operate across multiple Availability Zones.
Which solution will meet this requirement?
A. Deploy an additional NAT gateway in the other Availability Zones. Update the route tables with appropriate routes. Modify the RDS for MySQL DB instance to a Multi-AZ configuration. Configure the Auto Scaling group to launch the instances across Availability Zones. Set the minimum capacity and maximum capacity of the Auto Scaling group to 3.
B. Replace the NAT gateway with a virtual private gateway. Replace the RDS for MySQL DB instance with an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster. Configure the Auto Scaling group to launch instances across all subnets in the VPC. Set the minimum capacity and maximum capacity of the Auto Scaling group to 3.
C. Replace the NAT gateway with a NAT instance. Migrate the RDS for MySQL DB instance to an RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance. Launch a new EC2 instance in the other Availability Zones.
D. Deploy an additional NAT gateway in the other Availability Zones. Update the route tables with appropriate routes. Modify the RDS for MySQL DB instance to turn on automatic backups and retain the backups for 7 days. Configure the Auto Scaling group to launch instances across all subnets in the VPC. Keep the minimum capacity and the maximum capacity of the Auto Scaling group at 1. | Deploy an additional NAT gateway in the other Availability Zones. Update the route tables with appropriate routes. Modify the RDS for MySQL DB instance to a Multi-AZ configuration. Configure the Auto Scaling group to launch the instances across Availability Zones. Set the minimum capacity and maximum capacity of the Auto Scaling group to 3 |
| A company is planning to migrate its on-premises transaction-processing application to AWS. The application runs inside Docker containers that are hosted on VMs in the company's data center. The Docker containers have shared storage where the application records transaction data.
The transactions are time sensitive. The volume of transactions inside the application is unpredictable. The company must implement a low-latency storage solution that will automatically scale throughput to meet increased demand. The company cannot develop the application further and cannot continue to administer the Docker hosting environment.
How should the company migrate the application to AWS to meet these requirements?
A. Migrate the containers that run the application to Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS). Use Amazon S3 to store the transaction data that the containers share.
B. Migrate the containers that run the application to AWS Fargate for Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS). Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system. Create a Fargate task definition. Add a volume to the task definition to point to the EFS file system.
C. Migrate the containers that run the application to AWS Fargate for Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS). Create an Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume. Create a Fargate task definition. Attach the EBS volume to each running task.
D. Launch Amazon EC2 instances. Install Docker on the EC2 instances. Migrate the containers to the EC2 instances. Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system. Add a mount point to the EC2 instances for the EFS file system. | Migrate the containers that run the application to AWS Fargate for Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS). Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system. Create a Fargate task definition. Add a volume to the task definition to point to the EFS file system. |
| A company is planning to migrate to the AWS Cloud. The company hosts many applications on Windows servers and Linux servers. Some of the servers are physical, and some of the servers are virtual. The company uses several types of databases in its on-premises environment. The company does not have an accurate inventory of its on-premises servers and applications.
The company wants to rightsize its resources during migration. A solutions architect needs to obtain information about the network connections and the application relationships. The solutions architect must assess the company’s current environment and develop a migration plan.
Which solution will provide the solutions architect with the required information to develop the migration plan?
A. Use Migration Evaluator to request an evaluation of the environment from AWS. Use the AWS Application Discovery Service Agentless Collector to import the details into a Migration Evaluator Quick Insights report.
B. Use AWS Migration Hub and install the AWS Application Discovery Agent on the servers. Deploy the Migration Hub Strategy Recommendations application data collector. Generate a report by using Migration Hub Strategy Recommendations.
C. Use AWS Migration Hub and run the AWS Application Discovery Service Agentless Collector on the servers. Group the servers and databases by using AWS Application Migration Service. Generate a report by using Migration Hub Strategy Recommendations.
D. Use the AWS Migration Hub import tool to load the details of the company’s on-premises environment. Generate a report by using Migration Hub Strategy Recommendations. | Use the AWS Migration Hub import tool to load the details of the company’s on-premises environment. Generate a report by using Migration Hub Strategy Recommendations. |
| A financial services company sells its software-as-a-service (SaaS) platform for application compliance to large global banks. The SaaS platform runs on AWS and uses multiple AWS accounts that are managed in an organization in AWS Organizations. The SaaS platform uses many AWS resources globally.
For regulatory compliance, all API calls to AWS resources must be audited, tracked for changes, and stored in a durable and secure data store.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Create a new AWS CloudTrail trail. Use an existing Amazon S3 bucket in the organization's management account to store the logs. Deploy the trail to all AWS Regions. Enable MFA delete and encryption on the S3 bucket.
B. Create a new AWS CloudTrail trail in each member account of the organization. Create new Amazon S3 buckets to store the logs. Deploy the trail to all AWS Regions. Enable MFA delete and encryption on the S3 buckets.
C. Create a new AWS CloudTrail trail in the organization's management account. Create a new Amazon S3 bucket with versioning turned on to store the logs. Deploy the trail for all accounts in the organization. Enable MFA delete and encryption on the S3 bucket.
D. Create a new AWS CloudTrail trail in the organization's management account. Create a new Amazon S3 bucket to store the logs. Configure Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to send log-file delivery notifications to an external management system that will track the logs. Enable MFA delete and encryption on the S3 bucket. | Create a new AWS CloudTrail trail in the organization's management account. Create a new Amazon S3 bucket with versioning turned on to store the logs. Deploy the trail for all accounts in the organization. Enable MFA delete and encryption on the S3 bucket. |
| A company is deploying a distributed in-memory database on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. The fleet consists of a primary node and eight worker nodes. The primary node is responsible for monitoring cluster health, accepting user requests, distributing user requests to worker nodes, and sending an aggregate response back to a client. Worker nodes communicate with each other to replicate data partitions.
The company requires the lowest possible networking latency to achieve maximum performance.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Launch memory optimized EC2 instances in a partition placement group.
B. Launch compute optimized EC2 instances in a partition placement group.
C. Launch memory optimized EC2 instances in a cluster placement group.
D. Launch compute optimized EC2 instances in a spread placement group. | Launch memory optimized EC2 instances in a cluster placement group. |
| A company maintains information on premises in approximately 1 million.csv files that are hosted on a VM. The data initially is 10 TB in size and grows at a rate of 1 TB each week. The company needs to automate backups of the data to the AWS Cloud.
Backups of the data must occur daily. The company needs a solution that applies custom filters to back up only a subset of the data that is located in designated source directories. The company has set up an AWS Direct Connect connection.
Which solution will meet the backup requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Use the Amazon S3 CopyObject API operation with multipart upload to copy the existing data to Amazon S3. Use the CopyObject API operation to replicate new data to Amazon S3 daily.
B. Create a backup plan in AWS Backup to back up the data to Amazon S3. Schedule the backup plan to run daily.
C. Install the AWS DataSync agent as a VM that runs on the on-premises hypervisor. Configure a DataSync task to replicate the data to Amazon S3 daily.
D. Use an AWS Snowball Edge device for the initial backup. Use AWS DataSync for incremental backups to Amazon S3 daily. | Install the AWS DataSync agent as a VM that runs on the on-premises hypervisor. Configure a DataSync task to replicate the data to Amazon S3 daily. |
| A financial services company has an asset management product that thousands of customers use around the world. The customers provide feedback about the product through surveys. The company is building a new analytical solution that runs on Amazon EMR to analyze the data from these surveys. The following user personas need to access the analytical solution to perform different actions:
• Administrator: Provisions the EMR cluster for the analytics team based on the team’s requirements
• Data engineer: Runs ETL scripts to process, transform, and enrich the datasets
• Data analyst: Runs SQL and Hive queries on the data
A solutions architect must ensure that all the user personas have least privilege access to only the resources that they need. The user personas must be able to launch only applications that are approved and authorized. The solution also must ensure tagging for all resources that the user personas create.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create IAM roles for each user persona. Attach identity-based policies to define which actions the user who assumes the role can perform. Create an AWS Config rule to check for noncompliant resources. Configure the rule to notify the administrator to remediate the noncompliant resources.
B. Setup Kerberos-based authentication for EMR clusters upon launch. Specify a Kerberos security configuration along with cluster-specific Kerberos options.
C. Use AWS Service Catalog to control the Amazon EMR versions available for deployment, the cluster configuration, and the permissions for each user persona.
D. Launch the EMR cluster by using AWS CloudFormation, Attach resource-based policies to the EMR cluster during cluster creation. Create an AWS. Config rule to check for noncompliant clusters and noncompliant Amazon S3 buckets. Configure the rule to notify the administrator to remediate the noncompliant resources. | Use AWS Service Catalog to control the Amazon EMR versions available for deployment, the cluster configuration, and the permissions for each user persona. |
| A software as a service (SaaS) company uses AWS to host a service that is powered by AWS PrivateLink. The service consists of proprietary software that runs on three Amazon EC2 instances behind a Network Load Balancer (NLB). The instances are in private subnets in multiple Availability Zones in the eu-west-2 Region. All the company's customers are in eu-west-2.
However, the company now acquires a new customer in the us-east-1 Region. The company creates a new VPC and new subnets in us-east-1. The company establishes inter-Region VPC peering between the VPCs in the two Regions.
The company wants to give the new customer access to the SaaS service, but the company does not want to immediately deploy new EC2 resources in us-east-1.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Configure a PrivateLink endpoint service in us-east-1 to use the existing NLB that is in eu-west-2. Grant specific AWS accounts access to connect to the SaaS service.
B. Create an NLB in us-east-1. Create an IP target group that uses the IP addresses of the company's instances in eu-west-2 that host the SaaS service. Configure a PrivateLink endpoint service that uses the NLB that is in us-east-1. Grant specific AWS accounts access to connect to the SaaS service.
C. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in front of the EC2 instances in eu-west-2. Create an NLB in us-east-1. Associate the NLB that is in us-east-1 with an ALB target group that uses the ALB that is in eu-west-2. Configure a PrivateLink endpoint service that uses the NLB that is in us-east-1. Grant specific AWS accounts access to connect to the SaaS service.
D. Use AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) to share the EC2 instances that are in eu-west-2. In us-east-1, create an NLB and an instance target group that includes the shared EC2 instances from eu-west-2. Configure a PrivateLink endpoint service that uses the NLB that is in us-east-1. Grant specific AWS accounts access to connect to the SaaS service. | Create an NLB in us-east-1. Create an IP target group that uses the IP addresses of the company's instances in eu-west-2 that host the SaaS service. Configure a PrivateLink endpoint service that uses the NLB that is in us-east-1. Grant specific AWS accounts access to connect to the SaaS service. |
| A company needs to monitor a growing number of Amazon S3 buckets across two AWS Regions. The company also needs to track the percentage of objects that are encrypted in Amazon S3. The company needs a dashboard to display this information for internal compliance teams.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Create a new 3 Storage Lens dashboard in each Region to track bucket and encryption metrics. Aggregate data from both Region dashboards into a single dashboard in Amazon QuickSight for the compliance teams.
B. Deploy an AWS Lambda function in each Region to list the number of buckets and the encryption status of objects. Store this data in Amazon S3. Use Amazon Athena queries to display the data on a custom dashboard in Amazon QuickSight for the compliance teams.
C. Use the S3 Storage Lens default dashboard to track bucket and encryption metrics. Give the compliance teams access to the dashboard directly in the S3 console.
D. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to detect AWS CloudTrail events for S3 object creation. Configure the rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to record encryption metrics in Amazon DynamoDB. Use Amazon QuickSight to display the metrics in a dashboard for the compliance teams. | Use the S3 Storage Lens default dashboard to track bucket and encryption metrics. Give the compliance teams access to the dashboard directly in the S3 console. |
| A company’s CISO has asked a solutions architect to re-engineer the company's current CI/CD practices to make sure patch deployments to its application can happen as quickly as possible with minimal downtime if vulnerabilities are discovered. The company must also be able to quickly roll back a change in case of errors.
The web application is deployed in a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The company is currently using GitHub to host the application source code, and has configured an AWS CodeBuild project to build the application. The company also intends to use AWS CodePipeline to trigger builds from GitHub commits using the existing CodeBuild project.
What CI/CD configuration meets all of the requirements?
A. Configure CodePipeline with a deploy stage using AWS CodeDeploy configured for in-place deployment. Monitor the newly deployed code, and, if there are any issues, push another code update
B. Configure CodePipeline with a deploy stage using AWS CodeDeploy configured for blue/green deployments. Monitor the newly deployed code, and, if there are any issues, trigger a manual rollback using CodeDeploy.
C. Configure CodePipeline with a deploy stage using AWS CloudFormation to create a pipeline for test and production stacks. Monitor the newly deployed code, and, if there are any issues, push another code update.
D. Configure the CodePipeline with a deploy stage using AWS OpsWorks and in-place deployments. Monitor the newly deployed code, and, if there are any issues, push another code update. | . Configure CodePipeline with a deploy stage using AWS CodeDeploy configured for blue/green deployments. Monitor the newly deployed code, and, if there are any issues, trigger a manual rollback using CodeDeploy. |
| A company is managing many AWS accounts by using an organization in AWS Organizations. Different business units in the company run applications on Amazon EC2 instances. All the EC2 instances must have a BusinessUnit tag so that the company can track the cost for each business unit.A recent audit revealed that some instances were missing this tag. The company manually added the missing tag to the instances.What should a solutions architect do to enforce the tagging requirement in the future? A. Enable tag policies in the organization. Create a tag policy for the BusinessUnit tag. Ensure that compliance with tag key capitalization is turned off. Implement the tag policy for the ec2:instance resource type. Attach the tag policy to the root of the organization. B. Enable tag policies in the organization. Create a tag policy for the BusinessUnit tag. Ensure that compliance with tag key capitalization is turned on. Implement the tag policy for the ec2:instance resource type. Attach the tag policy to the organization's management account. C. Create an SCP and attach the SCP to the root of the organization. Include the following statement in the SCP: | Enable tag policies in the organization. Create a tag policy for the BusinessUnit tag. Ensure that compliance with tag key capitalization is turned on. Implement the tag policy for the ec2:instance resource type. Attach the tag policy to the organization's management account. |
| A company is running a workload that consists of thousands of Amazon EC2 instances. The workload is running in a VPC that contains several public subnets and private subnets. The public subnets have a route for 0.0.0.0/0 to an existing internet gateway. The private subnets have a route for 0.0.0.0/0 to an existing NAT gateway.
A solutions architect needs to migrate the entire fleet of EC2 instances to use IPv6. The EC2 instances that are in private subnets must not be accessible from the public internet.
What should the solutions architect do to meet these requirements?
A. Update the existing VPC, and associate a custom IPv6 CIDR block with the VPC and all subnets. Update all the VPC route tables, and add a route for ::/0 to the internet gateway.
B. Update the existing VPC, and associate an Amazon-provided IPv6 CIDR block with the VPC and all subnets. Update the VPC route tables for all private subnets, and add a route for ::/0 to the NAT gateway.
C. Update the existing VPC, and associate an Amazon-provided IPv6 CIDR block with the VPC and all subnets. Create an egress-only internet gateway. Update the VPC route tables for all private subnets, and add a route for ::/0 to the egress-only internet gateway.
D. Update the existing VPC, and associate a custom IPV6 CIDR block with the VPC and all subnets. Create a new NAT gateway, and enable IPV6 support. Update the VPC route tables for all private subnets, and add a route for ::/0 to the IPv6-enabled NAT gateway. | Update the existing VPC, and associate an Amazon-provided IPv6 CIDR block with the VPC and all subnets. Create an egress-only internet gateway. Update the VPC route tables for all private subnets, and add a route for ::/0 to the egress-only internet gateway. |
| A company is using Amazon API Gateway to deploy a private REST API that will provide access to sensitive data. The API must be accessible only from an application that is deployed in a VPC. The company deploys the API successfully. However, the API is not accessible from an Amazon EC2 instance that is deployed in the VPC.
Which solution will provide connectivity between the EC2 instance and the API?
A. Create an interface VPC endpoint for API Gateway. Attach an endpoint policy that allows apigateway:* actions. Disable private DNS naming for the VPC endpoint. Configure an API resource policy that allows access from the VPC. Use the VPC endpoint's DNS name to access the API.
B. Create an interface VPC endpoint for API Gateway. Attach an endpoint policy that allows the execute-api:Invoke action. Enable private DNS naming for the VPC endpoint. Configure an API resource policy that allows access from the VPC endpoint. Use the API endpoint’s DNS names to access the API.
C. Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB) and a VPC link. Configure private integration between API Gateway and the NLB. Use the API endpoint’s DNS names to access the API.
D. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and a VPC Link. Configure private integration between API Gateway and the ALB. Use the ALB endpoint’s DNS name to access the API. | Create an interface VPC endpoint for API Gateway. Attach an endpoint policy that allows the execute-api:Invoke action. Enable private DNS naming for the VPC endpoint. Configure an API resource policy that allows access from the VPC endpoint. Use the API endpoint’s DNS names to access the API |
| A large payroll company recently merged with a small staffing company. The unified company now has multiple business units, each with its own existing AWS account.
A solutions architect must ensure that the company can centrally manage the billing and access policies for all the AWS accounts. The solutions architect configures AWS Organizations by sending an invitation to all member accounts of the company from a centralized management account.
What should the solutions architect do next to meet these requirements?
A. Create the OrganizationAccountAccess IAM group in each member account. Include the necessary IAM roles for each administrator.
B. Create the OrganizationAccountAccessPolicy IAM policy in each member account. Connect the member accounts to the management account by using cross-account access.
C. Create the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role in each member account. Grant permission to the management account to assume the IAM role.
D. Create the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role in the management account. Attach the AdministratorAccess AWS managed policy to the IAM role. Assign the IAM role to the administrators in each member account. | Create the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role in each member account. Grant permission to the management account to assume the IAM role. |
| A company has application services that have been containerized and deployed on multiple Amazon EC2 instances with public IPs. An Apache Kafka cluster has been deployed to the EC2 instances. A PostgreSQL database has been migrated to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The company expects a significant increase of orders on its platform when a new version of its flagship product is released.
What changes to the current architecture will reduce operational overhead and support the product release?
A. Create an EC2 Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer. Create additional read replicas for the DB instance. Create Amazon Kinesis data streams and configure the application services to use the data streams. Store and serve static content directly from Amazon S3.
B. Create an EC2 Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer. Deploy the DB instance in Multi-AZ mode and enable storage auto scaling. Create Amazon Kinesis data streams and configure the application services to use the data streams. Store and serve static content directly from Amazon S3.
C. Deploy the application on a Kubernetes cluster created on the EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. Deploy the DB instance in Multi-AZ mode and enable storage auto scaling. Create an Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka cluster and configure the application services to use the cluster. Store static content in Amazon S3 behind an Amazon CloudFront distribution.
D. Deploy the application on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) with AWS Fargate and enable auto scaling behind an Application Load Balancer. Create additional read replicas for the DB instance. Create an Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka cluster and configure the application services to use the cluster. Store static content in Amazon S3 behind an Amazon CloudFront distribution. | Deploy the application on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) with AWS Fargate and enable auto scaling behind an Application Load Balancer. Create additional read replicas for the DB instance. Create an Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka cluster and configure the application services to use the cluster. Store static content in Amazon S3 behind an Amazon CloudFront distribution. |
| A company hosts a VPN in an on-premises data center. Employees currently connect to the VPN to access files in their Windows home directories. Recently, there has been a large growth in the number of employees who work remotely. As a result, bandwidth usage for connections into the data center has begun to reach 100% during business hours.
The company must design a solution on AWS that will support the growth of the company's remote workforce, reduce the bandwidth usage for connections into the data center, and reduce operational overhead.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? (Choose two.)
A. Create an AWS Storage Gateway Volume Gateway. Mount a volume from the Volume Gateway to the on-premises file server.
B. Migrate the home directories to Amazon FSx for Windows File Server.
C. Migrate the home directories to Amazon FSx for Lustre.
D. Migrate remote users to AWS Client VPN.
E. Create an AWS Direct Connect connection from the on-premises data center to AWS. | Migrate the home directories to Amazon FSx for Windows File Server.
Migrate remote users to AWS Client VPN |
| A company has multiple AWS accounts. The company recently had a security audit that revealed many unencrypted Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes attached to Amazon EC2 instances.
A solutions architect must encrypt the unencrypted volumes and ensure that unencrypted volumes will be detected automatically in the future. Additionally, the company wants a solution that can centrally manage multiple AWS accounts with a focus on compliance and security.
Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
A. Create an organization in AWS Organizations. Set up AWS Control Tower, and turn on the strongly recommended controls (guardrails). Join all accounts to the organization. Categorize the AWS accounts into OUs.
B. Use the AWS CLI to list all the unencrypted volumes in all the AWS accounts. Run a script to encrypt all the unencrypted volumes in place.
C. Create a snapshot of each unencrypted volume. Create a new encrypted volume from the unencrypted snapshot. Detach the existing volume, and replace it with the encrypted volume.
D. Create an organization in AWS Organizations. Set up AWS Control Tower, and turn on the mandatory controls (guardrails). Join all accounts to the organization. Categorize the AWS accounts into OUs.
E. Turn on AWS CloudTrail. Configure an Amazon EventBridge rule to detect and automatically encrypt unencrypted volumes. | Create an organization in AWS Organizations. Set up AWS Control Tower, and turn on the strongly recommended controls (guardrails). Join all accounts to the organization. Categorize the AWS accounts into OUs.
Create a snapshot of each unencrypted volume. Create a new encrypted volume from the unencrypted snapshot. Detach the existing volume, and replace it with the encrypted volume. |
| A company hosts an intranet web application on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Currently, users authenticate to the application against an internal user database.
The company needs to authenticate users to the application by using an existing AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory directory. All users with accounts in the directory must have access to the application.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create a new app client in the directory. Create a listener rule for the ALB. Specify the authenticate-oidc action for the listener rule. Configure the listener rule with the appropriate issuer, client ID and secret, and endpoint details for the Active Directory service. Configure the new app client with the callback URL that the ALB provides.
B. Configure an Amazon Cognito user pool. Configure the user pool with a federated identity provider (ldP) that has metadata from the directory. Create an app client. Associate the app client with the user pool. Create a listener rule for the ALSpecify the authenticate-cognito action for the listener rule. Configure the listener rule to use the user pool and app client.
C. Add the directory as a new IAM identity provider (ldP). Create a new IAM role that has an entity type of SAML 2.0 federation. Configure a role policy that allows access to the ALB. Configure the new role as the default authenticated user role for the ldP. Create a listener rule for the ALB. Specify the authenticate-oidc action for the listener rule.
D. Enable AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On). Configure the directory as an external identity provider (ldP) that uses SAML. Use the automatic provisioning method. Create a new IAM role that has an entity type of SAML 2.0 federation. Configure a role policy that allows access to the ALB. Attach the new role to all groups. Create a listener rule for the ALB. Specify the authenticate-cognito action for the listener rule. | Enable AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On). Configure the directory as an external identity provider (ldP) that uses SAML. Use the automatic provisioning method. Create a new IAM role that has an entity type of SAML 2.0 federation. Configure a role policy that allows access to the ALB. Attach the new role to all groups. Create a listener rule for the ALB. Specify the authenticate-cognito action for the listener rule |
| A company has a website that serves many visitors. The company deploys a backend service for the website in a primary AWS Region and a disaster recovery (DR) Region.
A single Amazon CloudFront distribution is deployed for the website. The company creates an Amazon Route 53 record set with health checks and a failover routing policy for the primary Region’s backend service. The company configures the Route 53 record set as an origin for the CloudFront distribution. The company configures another record set that points to the backend service's endpoint in the DR Region as a secondary failover record type. The TTL for both record sets is 60 seconds.
Currently, failover takes more than 1 minute. A solutions architect must design a solution that will provide the fastest failover time.
Which solution will achieve this goal?
A. Deploy an additional CloudFront distribution. Create a new Route 53 failover record set with health checks for both CloudFront distributions.
B. Set the TTL to 4 second for the existing Route 53 record sets that are used for the backend service in each Region.
C. Create new record sets for the backend services by using a latency routing policy. Use the record sets as an origin in the CloudFront distribution.
D. Create a CloudFront origin group that includes two origins, one for each backend service Region. Configure origin failover as a cache behavior for the CloudFront distribution. | Create a CloudFront origin group that includes two origins, one for each backend service Region. Configure origin failover as a cache behavior for the CloudFront distribution |
| A company is using multiple AWS accounts and has multiple DevOps teams running production and non-production workloads in these accounts. The company would like to centrally-restrict access to some of the AWS services that the DevOps teams do not use. The company decided to use AWS Organizations and successfully invited all AWS accounts into the Organization. They would like to allow access to services that are currently in-use and deny a few specific services. Also they would like to administer multiple accounts together as a single unit.
What combination of steps should the solutions architect take to satisfy these requirements? (Choose three.)
A. Use a Deny list strategy.
B. Review the Access Advisor in AWS IAM to determine services recently used
C. Review the AWS Trusted Advisor report to determine services recently used.
D. Remove the default FullAWSAccess SCP.
E. Define organizational units (OUs) and place the member accounts in the OUs.
F. Remove the default DenyAWSAccess SCP. | Use a Deny list strategy.
Review the Access Advisor in AWS IAM to determine services recently used
Define organizational units (OUs) and place the member accounts in the OUs |
| A live-events company is designing a scaling solution for its ticket application on AWS. The application has high peaks of utilization during sale events. Each sale event is a one-time event that is scheduled. The application runs on Amazon EC2 instances that are in an Auto Scaling group. The application uses PostgreSQL for the database layer.
The company needs a scaling solution to maximize availability during the sale events.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use a predictive scaling policy for the EC2 instances. Host the database on an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL Serverless v2 Multi-AZ DB instance with automatically scaling read replicas. Create an AWS Step Functions state machine to run parallel AWS Lambda functions to pre-warm the database before a sale event. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke the state machine.
B. Use a scheduled scaling policy for the EC2 instances. Host the database on an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL Mulli-AZ DB instance with automatically scaling read replicas. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that invokes an AWS Lambda function to create a larger read replica before a sale event. Fail over to the larger read replica. Create another EventBridge rule that invokes another Lambda function to scale down the read replica after the sale event.
C. Use a predictive scaling policy for the EC2 instances. Host the database on an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL MultiAZ DB instance with automatically scaling read replicas. Create an AWS Step Functions state machine to run parallel AWS Lambda functions to pre-warm the database before a sale event. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke the state machine.
D. Use a scheduled scaling policy for the EC2 instances. Host the database on an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL Multi-AZ DB cluster. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that invokes an AWS Lambda function to create a larger Aurora Replica before a sale event. Fail over to the larger Aurora Replica. Create another EventBridge rule that invokes another Lambda function to scale down the Aurora Replica after the sale event. | Use a scheduled scaling policy for the EC2 instances. Host the database on an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL Multi-AZ DB cluster. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that invokes an AWS Lambda function to create a larger Aurora Replica before a sale event. Fail over to the larger Aurora Replica. Create another EventBridge rule that invokes another Lambda function to scale down the Aurora Replica after the sale event. Most Voted |
| A company runs an intranet application on premises. The company wants to configure a cloud backup of the application. The company has selected AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery for this solution.
The company requires that replication traffic does not travel through the public internet. The application also must not be accessible from the internet. The company does not want this solution to consume all available network bandwidth because other applications require bandwidth.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)
A. Create a VPC that has at least two private subnets, two NAT gateways, and a virtual private gateway.
B. Create a VPC that has at least two public subnets, a virtual private gateway, and an internet gateway.
C. Create an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between the on-premises network and the target AWS network.
D. Create an AWS Direct Connect connection and a Direct Connect gateway between the on-premises network and the target AWS network.
E. During configuration of the replication servers, select the option to use private IP addresses for data replication.
F. During configuration of the launch settings for the target servers, select the option to ensure that the Recovery instance’s private IP address matches the source server's private IP address. | Create a VPC that has at least two private subnets, two NAT gateways, and a virtual private gateway.
Create an AWS Direct Connect connection and a Direct Connect gateway between the on-premises network and the target AWS network.
During configuration of the replication servers, select the option to use private IP addresses for data replication |
| A company that provides image storage services wants to deploy a customer-facing solution to AWS. Millions of individual customers will use the solution. The solution will receive batches of large image files, resize the files, and store the files in an Amazon S3 bucket for up to 6 months.
The solution must handle significant variance in demand. The solution must also be reliable at enterprise scale and have the ability to rerun processing jobs in the event of failure.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Use AWS Step Functions to process the S3 event that occurs when a user stores an image. Run an AWS Lambda function that resizes the image in place and replaces the original file in the S3 bucket. Create an S3 Lifecycle expiration policy to expire all stored images after 6 months.
B. Use Amazon EventBridge to process the S3 event that occurs when a user uploads an image. Run an AWS Lambda function that resizes the image in place and replaces the original file in the S3 bucket. Create an S3 Lifecycle expiration policy to expire all stored images after 6 months.
C. Use S3 Event Notifications to invoke an AWS Lambda function when a user stores an image. Use the Lambda function to resize the image in place and to store the original file in the S3 bucket. Create an S3 Lifecycle policy to move all stored images to S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) after 6 months.
D. Use Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) to process the S3 event that occurs when a user stores an image. Run an AWS Lambda function that resizes the image and stores the resized file in an S3 bucket that uses S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA). Create an S3 Lifecycle policy to move all stored images to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 6 months. | Use Amazon EventBridge to process the S3 event that occurs when a user uploads an image. Run an AWS Lambda function that resizes the image in place and replaces the original file in the S3 bucket. Create an S3 Lifecycle expiration policy to expire all stored images after 6 months. |
| A company has an organization in AWS Organizations that includes a separate AWS account for each of the company’s departments. Application teams from different departments develop and deploy solutions independently.
The company wants to reduce compute costs and manage costs appropriately across departments. The company also wants to improve visibility into billing for individual departments. The company does not want to lose operational flexibility when the company selects compute resources.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use AWS Budgets for each department. Use Tag Editor to apply tags to appropriate resources. Purchase EC2 Instance Savings Plans.
B. Configure AWS Organizations to use consolidated billing. Implement a tagging strategy that identifies departments. Use SCPs to apply tags to appropriate resources. Purchase EC2 Instance Savings Plans.
C. Configure AWS Organizations to use consolidated billing. Implement a tagging strategy that identifies departments. Use Tag Editor to apply tags to appropriate resources. Purchase Compute Savings Plans.
D. Use AWS Budgets for each department. Use SCPs to apply tags to appropriate resources. Purchase Compute Savings Plans. | Configure AWS Organizations to use consolidated billing. Implement a tagging strategy that identifies departments. Use Tag Editor to apply tags to appropriate resources. Purchase Compute Savings Plans. |
| A company has a web application that securely uploads pictures and videos to an Amazon S3 bucket. The company requires that only authenticated users are allowed to post content. The application generates a presigned URL that is used to upload objects through a browser interface. Most users are reporting slow upload times for objects larger than 100 MB.
What can a solutions architect do to improve the performance of these uploads while ensuring only authenticated users are allowed to post content?
A. Set up an Amazon API Gateway with an edge-optimized API endpoint that has a resource as an S3 service proxy. Configure the PUT method for this resource to expose the S3 PutObject operation. Secure the API Gateway using a COGNITO_USER_POOLS authorizer. Have the browser interface use API Gateway instead of the presigned URL to upload objects.
B. Set up an Amazon API Gateway with a regional API endpoint that has a resource as an S3 service proxy. Configure the PUT method for this resource to expose the S3 PutObject operation. Secure the API Gateway using an AWS Lambda authorizer. Have the browser interface use API Gateway instead of the presigned URL to upload objects.
C. Enable an S3 Transfer Acceleration endpoint on the S3 bucket. Use the endpoint when generating the presigned URL. Have the browser interface upload the objects to this URL using the S3 multipart upload API.
D. Configure an Amazon CloudFront distribution for the destination S3 bucket. Enable PUT and POST methods for the CloudFront cache behavior. Update the CloudFront origin to use an origin access identity (OAI). Give the OAI user 3: PutObject permissions in the bucket policy. Have the browser interface upload objects using the CloudFront distribution. | Enable an S3 Transfer Acceleration endpoint on the S3 bucket. Use the endpoint when generating the presigned URL. Have the browser interface upload the objects to this URL using the S3 multipart upload API. |
| A large company is migrating its entire IT portfolio to AWS. Each business unit in the company has a standalone AWS account that supports both development and test environments. New accounts to support production workloads will be needed soon.
The finance department requires a centralized method for payment but must maintain visibility into each group's spending to allocate costs.
The security team requires a centralized mechanism to control IAM usage in all the company’s accounts.
What combination of the following options meets the company’s needs with the LEAST effort? (Choose two.)
A. Use a collection of parameterized AWS CloudFormation templates defining common IAM permissions that are launched into each account. Require all new and existing accounts to launch the appropriate stacks to enforce the least privilege model.
B. Use AWS Organizations to create a new organization from a chosen payer account and define an organizational unit hierarchy. Invite the existing accounts to join the organization and create new accounts using Organizations.
C. Require each business unit to use its own AWS accounts. Tag each AWS account appropriately and enable Cost Explorer to administer chargebacks.
D. Enable all features of AWS Organizations and establish appropriate service control policies that filter IAM permissions for sub-accounts.
E. Consolidate all of the company's AWS accounts into a single AWS account. Use tags for billing purposes and the IAM’s Access Advisor feature to enforce the least privilege model. | Use AWS Organizations to create a new organization from a chosen payer account and define an organizational unit hierarchy. Invite the existing accounts to join the organization and create new accounts using Organizations
Enable all features of AWS Organizations and establish appropriate service control policies that filter IAM permissions for sub-accounts. |
| A company has a solution that analyzes weather data from thousands of weather stations. The weather stations send the data over an Amazon API Gateway REST API that has an AWS Lambda function integration. The Lambda function calls a third-party service for data pre-processing. The third-party service gets overloaded and fails the pre-processing, causing a loss of data.
A solutions architect must improve the resiliency of the solution. The solutions architect must ensure that no data is lost and that data can be processed later if failures occur.
What should the solutions architect do to meet these requirements?
A. Create an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Configure the queue as the dead-letter queue for the API.
B. Create two Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queues: a primary queue and a secondary queue. Configure the secondary queue as the dead-letter queue for the primary queue. Update the API to use a new integration to the primary queue. Configure the Lambda function as the invocation target for the primary queue.
C. Create two Amazon EventBridge event buses: a primary event bus and a secondary event bus. Update the API to use a new integration to the primary event bus. Configure an EventBridge rule to react to all events on the primary event bus. Specify the Lambda function as the target of the rule. Configure the secondary event bus as the failure destination for the Lambda function.
D. Create a custom Amazon EventBridge event bus. Configure the event bus as the failure destination for the Lambda function. | Create two Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queues: a primary queue and a secondary queue. Configure the secondary queue as the dead-letter queue for the primary queue. Update the API to use a new integration to the primary queue. Configure the Lambda function as the invocation target for the primary queue |
| A company built an ecommerce website on AWS using a three-tier web architecture. The application is Java-based and composed of an Amazon CloudFront distribution, an Apache web server layer of Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group, and a backend Amazon Aurora MySQL database.
Last month, during a promotional sales event, users reported errors and timeouts while adding items to their shopping carts. The operations team recovered the logs created by the web servers and reviewed Aurora DB cluster performance metrics. Some of the web servers were terminated before logs could be collected and the Aurora metrics were not sufficient for query performance analysis.
Which combination of steps must the solutions architect take to improve application performance visibility during peak traffic events? (Choose three.)
A. Configure the Aurora MySQL DB cluster to publish slow query and error logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
B. Implement the AWS X-Ray SDK to trace incoming HTTP requests on the EC2 instances and implement tracing of SQL queries with the X-Ray SDK for Java.
C. Configure the Aurora MySQL DB cluster to stream slow query and error logs to Amazon Kinesis.
D. Install and configure an Amazon CloudWatch Logs agent on the EC2 instances to send the Apache logs to CloudWatch Logs.
E. Enable and configure AWS CloudTrail to collect and analyze application activity from Amazon EC2 and Aurora
F. Enable Aurora MySQL DB cluster performance benchmarking and publish the stream to AWS X-Ray. | Configure the Aurora MySQL DB cluster to publish slow query and error logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
Implement the AWS X-Ray SDK to trace incoming HTTP requests on the EC2 instances and implement tracing of SQL queries with the X-Ray SDK for Java.
Install and configure an Amazon CloudWatch Logs agent on the EC2 instances to send the Apache logs to CloudWatch Logs |
| A company that provisions job boards for a seasonal workforce is seeing an increase in traffic and usage. The backend services run on a pair of Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer with Amazon DynamoDB as the datastore. Application read and write traffic is slow during peak seasons.
Which option provides a scalable application architecture to handle peak seasons with the LEAST development effort?
A. Migrate the backend services to AWS Lambda. Increase the read and write capacity of DynamoDB.
B. Migrate the backend services to AWS Lambda. Configure DynamoDB to use global tables.
C. Use Auto Scaling groups for the backend services. Use DynamoDB auto scaling.
D. Use Auto Scaling groups for the backend services. Use Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) and an AWS Lambda function to write to DynamoDB. | Use Auto Scaling groups for the backend services. Use DynamoDB auto scaling. |
| A company is migrating to the cloud. It wants to evaluate the configurations of virtual machines in its existing data center environment to ensure that it can size new Amazon EC2 instances accurately. The company wants to collect metrics, such as CPU, memory, and disk utilization, and it needs an inventory of what processes are running on each instance. The company would also like to monitor network connections to map communications between servers.
Which would enable the collection of this data MOST cost effectively?
A. Use AWS Application Discovery Service and deploy the data collection agent to each virtual machine in the data center.
B. Configure the Amazon CloudWatch agent on all servers within the local environment and publish metrics to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
C. Use AWS Application Discovery Service and enable agentless discovery in the existing virtualization environment.
D. Enable AWS Application Discovery Service in the AWS Management Console and configure the corporate firewall to allow scans over a VPN. | Use AWS Application Discovery Service and deploy the data collection agent to each virtual machine in the data center. |
| A company provides a software as a service (SaaS) application that runs in the AWS Cloud. The application runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind a Network Load Balancer (NLB). The instances are in an Auto Scaling group and are distributed across three Availability Zones in a single AWS Region.
The company is deploying the application into additional Regions. The company must provide static IP addresses for the application to customers so that the customers can add the IP addresses to allow lists. The solution must automatically route customers to the Region that is geographically closest to them.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution. Create a CloudFront origin group. Add the NLB for each additional Region to the origin group. Provide customers with the IP address ranges of the distribution’s edge locations.
B. Create an AWS Global Accelerator standard accelerator. Create a standard accelerator endpoint for the NLB in each additional Region. Provide customers with the Global Accelerator IP address.
C. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution. Create a custom origin for the NLB in each additional Region. Provide customers with the IP address ranges of the distribution’s edge locations.
D. Create an AWS Global Accelerator custom routing accelerator. Create a listener for the custom routing accelerator. Add the IP address and ports for the NLB in each additional Region. Provide customers with the Global Accelerator IP address. | Create an AWS Global Accelerator standard accelerator. Create a standard accelerator endpoint for the NLB in each additional Region. Provide customers with the Global Accelerator IP address. |
| A company is running multiple workloads in the AWS Cloud. The company has separate units for software development. The company uses AWS Organizations and federation with SAML to give permissions to developers to manage resources in their AWS accounts. The development units each deploy their production workloads into a common production account.
Recently, an incident occurred in the production account in which members of a development unit terminated an EC2 instance that belonged to a different development unit. A solutions architect must create a solution that prevents a similar incident from happening in the future. The solution also must allow developers the possibility to manage the instances used for their workloads.
Which strategy will meet these requirements?
A. Create separate OUs in AWS Organizations for each development unit. Assign the created OUs to the company AWS accounts. Create separate SCP with a deny action and a StringNotEquals condition for the DevelopmentUnit resource tag that matches the development unit name. Assign the SCP to the corresponding OU.
B. Pass an attribute for DevelopmentUnit as an AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) session tag during SAML federation. Update the IAM policy for the developers’ assumed IAM role with a deny action and a StringNotEquals condition for the DevelopmentUnit resource tag and aws:PrincipalTag/DevelopmentUnit.
C. Pass an attribute for DevelopmentUnit as an AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) session tag during SAML federation. Create an SCP with an allow action and a StringEquals condition for the DevelopmentUnit resource tag and aws:PrincipalTag/DevelopmentUnit. Assign the SCP to the root OU.
D. Create separate IAM policies for each development unit. For every IAM policy, add an allow action and a StringEquals condition for the DevelopmentUnit resource tag and the development unit name. During SAML federation, use AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) to assign the IAM policy and match the development unit name to the assumed IAM role. | Pass an attribute for DevelopmentUnit as an AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) session tag during SAML federation. Update the IAM policy for the developers’ assumed IAM role with a deny action and a StringNotEquals condition for the DevelopmentUnit resource tag and aws:PrincipalTag/DevelopmentUnit. |
| An enterprise company is building an infrastructure services platform for its users. The company has the following requirements:
• Provide least privilege access to users when launching AWS infrastructure so users cannot provision unapproved services.
• Use a central account to manage the creation of infrastructure services.
• Provide the ability to distribute infrastructure services to multiple accounts in AWS Organizations.
• Provide the ability to enforce tags on any infrastructure that is started by users.
Which combination of actions using AWS services will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)
A. Develop infrastructure services using AWS CloudFormation templates. Add the templates to a central Amazon S3 bucket and add the IAM roles or users that require access to the S3 bucket policy.
B. Develop infrastructure services using AWS CloudFormation templates. Upload each template as an AWS Service Catalog product to portfolios created in a central AWS account. Share these portfolios with the Organizations structure created for the company.
C. Allow user IAM roles to have AWSCloudFormationFullAccess and AmazonS3ReadOnlyAccess permissions. Add an Organizations SCP at the AWS account root user level to deny all services except AWS CloudFormation and Amazon S3.
D. Allow user IAM roles to have ServiceCatalogEndUserAccess permissions only. Use an automation script to import the central portfolios to local AWS accounts, copy the TagOption, assign users access, and apply launch constraints.
E. Use the AWS Service Catalog TagOption Library to maintain a list of tags required by the company. Apply the TagOption to AWS Service Catalog products or portfolios.
F. Use the AWS CloudFormation Resource Tags property to enforce the application of tags to any CloudFormation templates that will be created for users. | Develop infrastructure services using AWS CloudFormation templates. Upload each template as an AWS Service Catalog product to portfolios created in a central AWS account. Share these portfolios with the Organizations structure created for the company
Allow user IAM roles to have ServiceCatalogEndUserAccess permissions only. Use an automation script to import the central portfolios to local AWS accounts, copy the TagOption, assign users access, and apply launch constraints
Use the AWS Service Catalog TagOption Library to maintain a list of tags required by the company. Apply the TagOption to AWS Service Catalog products or portfolios |
| A company deploys a new web application. As part of the setup, the company configures AWS WAF to log to Amazon S3 through Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose. The company develops an Amazon Athena query that runs once daily to return AWS WAF log data from the previous 24 hours. The volume of daily logs is constant. However, over time, the same query is taking more time to run.
A solutions architect needs to design a solution to prevent the query time from continuing to increase. The solution must minimize operational overhead.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create an AWS Lambda function that consolidates each day's AWS WAF logs into one log file.
B. Reduce the amount of data scanned by configuring AWS WAF to send logs to a different S3 bucket each day.
C. Update the Kinesis Data Firehose configuration to partition the data in Amazon S3 by date and time. Create external tables for Amazon Redshift. Configure Amazon Redshift Spectrum to query the data source.
D. Modify the Kinesis Data Firehose configuration and Athena table definition to partition the data by date and time. Change the Athena query to view the relevant partitions. | Modify the Kinesis Data Firehose configuration and Athena table definition to partition the data by date and time. Change the Athena query to view the relevant partitions |
| A company is developing a web application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group behind a public-facing Application Load Balancer (ALB). Only users from a specific country are allowed to access the application. The company needs the ability to log the access requests that have been blocked. The solution should require the least possible maintenance.
Which solution meets these requirements?
A. Create an IPSet containing a list of IP ranges that belong to the specified country. Create an AWS WAF web ACL. Configure a rule to block any requests that do not originate from an IP range in the IPSet. Associate the rule with the web ACL. Associate the web ACL with the ALB.
B. Create an AWS WAF web ACL. Configure a rule to block any requests that do not originate from the specified country. Associate the rule with the web ACL. Associate the web ACL with the ALB.
C. Configure AWS Shield to block any requests that do not originate from the specified country. Associate AWS Shield with the ALB.
D. Create a security group rule that allows ports 80 and 443 from IP ranges that belong to the specified country. Associate the security group with the ALB. | Configure AWS Shield to block any requests that do not originate from the specified country. Associate AWS Shield with the ALB. |
| A company is migrating an application from on-premises infrastructure to the AWS Cloud. During migration design meetings, the company expressed concerns about the availability and recovery options for its legacy Windows file server. The file server contains sensitive business-critical data that cannot be recreated in the event of data corruption or data loss. According to compliance requirements, the data must not travel across the public internet. The company wants to move to AWS managed services where possible.
The company decides to store the data in an Amazon FSx for Windows File Server file system. A solutions architect must design a solution that copies the data to another AWS Region for disaster recovery (DR) purposes.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create a destination Amazon S3 bucket in the DR Region. Establish connectivity between the FSx for Windows File Server file system in the primary Region and the S3 bucket in the DR Region by using Amazon FSx File Gateway. Configure the S3 bucket as a continuous backup source in FSx File Gateway.
B. Create an FSx for Windows File Server file system in the DR Region. Establish connectivity between the VPC the primary Region and the VPC in the DR Region by using AWS Site-to-Site VPN. Configure AWS DataSync to communicate by using VPN endpoints.
C. Create an FSx for Windows File Server file system in the DR Region. Establish connectivity between the VPC in the primary Region and the VPC in the DR Region by using VPC peering. Configure AWS DataSync to communicate by using interface VPC endpoints with AWS PrivateLink.
D. Create an FSx for Windows File Server file system in the DR Region. Establish connectivity between the VPC in the primary Region and the VPC in the DR Region by using AWS Transit Gateway in each Region. Use AWS Transfer Family to copy files between the FSx for Windows File Server file system in the primary Region and the FSx for Windows File Server file system in the DR Region over the private AWS backbone network. | Create an FSx for Windows File Server file system in the DR Region. Establish connectivity between the VPC in the primary Region and the VPC in the DR Region by using VPC peering. Configure AWS DataSync to communicate by using interface VPC endpoints with AWS PrivateLink |
| A company is currently in the design phase of an application that will need an RPO of less than 5 minutes and an RTO of less than 10 minutes. The solutions architecture team is forecasting that the database will store approximately 10 TB of data. As part of the design, they are looking for a database solution that will provide the company with the ability to fail over to a secondary Region.
Which solution will meet these business requirements at the LOWEST cost?
A. Deploy an Amazon Aurora DB cluster and take snapshots of the cluster every 5 minutes. Once a snapshot is complete, copy the snapshot to a secondary Region to serve as a backup in the event of a failure.
B. Deploy an Amazon RDS instance with a cross-Region read replica in a secondary Region. In the event of a failure, promote the read replica to become the primary.
C. Deploy an Amazon Aurora DB cluster in the primary Region and another in a secondary Region. Use AWS DMS to keep the secondary Region in sync.
D. Deploy an Amazon RDS instance with a read replica in the same Region. In the event of a failure, promote the read replica to become the primary. | Deploy an Amazon RDS instance with a cross-Region read replica in a secondary Region. In the event of a failure, promote the read replica to become the primary. Most Voted |
| A financial company needs to create a separate AWS account for a new digital wallet application. The company uses AWS Organizations to manage its accounts. A solutions architect uses the IAM user Support1 from the management account to create a new member account with finance1@example.com as the email address.
What should the solutions architect do to create IAM users in the new member account?
A. Sign in to the AWS Management Console with AWS account root user credentials by using the 64-character password from the initial AWS Organizations email sent to finance1@example.com. Set up the IAM users as required.
B. From the management account, switch roles to assume the OrganizationAccountAccessRole role with the account ID of the new member account. Set up the IAM users as required.
C. Go to the AWS Management Console sign-in page. Choose “Sign in using root account credentials.” Sign in in by using the email address finance 1@example.com and the management account's root password. Set up the IAM users as required.
D. Go to the AWS Management Console sign-in page. Sign in by using the account ID of the new member account and the Support1 IAM credentials. Set up the IAM users as required. | From the management account, switch roles to assume the OrganizationAccountAccessRole role with the account ID of the new member account. Set up the IAM users as required. |
| A car rental company has built a serverless REST API to provide data to its mobile app. The app consists of an Amazon API Gateway API with a Regional endpoint, AWS Lambda functions, and an Amazon Aurora MySQL Serverless DB cluster. The company recently opened the API to mobile apps of partners. A significant increase in the number of requests resulted, causing sporadic database memory errors.
Analysis of the API traffic indicates that clients are making multiple HTTP GET requests for the same queries in a short period of time. Traffic is concentrated during business hours, with spikes around holidays and other events.
The company needs to improve its ability to support the additional usage while minimizing the increase in costs associated with the solution.
Which strategy meets these requirements?
A. Convert the API Gateway Regional endpoint to an edge-optimized endpoint. Enable caching in the production stage.
B. Implement an Amazon ElastiCache for Redis cache to store the results of the database calls. Modify the Lambda functions to use the cache.
C. Modify the Aurora Serverless DB cluster configuration to increase the maximum amount of available memory.
D. Enable throttling in the API Gateway production stage. Set the rate and burst values to limit the incoming calls. | Convert the API Gateway Regional endpoint to an edge-optimized endpoint. Enable caching in the production stage. |
| A company is migrating an on-premises application and a MySQL database to AWS. The application processes highly sensitive data, and new data is constantly updated in the database. The data must not be transferred over the internet. The company also must encrypt the data in transit and at rest.
The database is 5 TB in size. The company already has created the database schema in an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance. The company has set up a 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection to AWS. The company also has set up a public VIF and a private VIF. A solutions architect needs to design a solution that will migrate the data to AWS with the least possible downtime.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Perform a database backup. Copy the backup files to an AWS Snowball Edge Storage Optimized device. Import the backup to Amazon S3. Use server-side encryption with Amazon S3 managed encryption keys (SSE-S3) for encryption at rest. Use TLS for encryption in transit. Import the data from Amazon S3 to the DB instance.
B. Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate the data to AWS. Create a DMS replication instance in a private subnet. Create VPC endpoints for AWS DMS. Configure a DMS task to copy data from the on-premises database to the DB instance by using full load plus change data capture (CDC). Use the AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) default key for encryption at rest. Use TLS for encryption in transit.
C. Perform a database backup. Use AWS DataSync to transfer the backup files to Amazon S3. Use server-side encryption with Amazon S3 managed encryption keys (SSE-S3) for encryption at rest. Use TLS for encryption in transit. Import the data from Amazon S3 to the DB instance.
D. Use Amazon S3 File Gateway. Set up a private connection to Amazon S3 by using AWS PrivateLink. Perform a database backup. Copy the backup files to Amazon S3. Use server-side encryption with Amazon S3 managed encryption keys (SSE-S3) for encryption at rest. Use TLS for encryption in transit. Import the data from Amazon S3 to the DB instance. | Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate the data to AWS. Create a DMS replication instance in a private subnet. Create VPC endpoints for AWS DMS. Configure a DMS task to copy data from the on-premises database to the DB instance by using full load plus change data capture (CDC). Use the AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) default key for encryption at rest. Use TLS for encryption in transit. |
| Accompany is deploying a new cluster for big data analytics on AWS. The cluster will run across many Linux Amazon EC2 instances that are spread across multiple Availability Zones.
All of the nodes in the cluster must have read and write access to common underlying file storage. The file storage must be highly available, must be resilient, must be compatible with the Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), and must accommodate high levels of throughput.
Which storage solution will meet these requirements?
A. Provision an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway NFS file share that is attached to an Amazon S3 bucket. Mount the NFS file share on each EC2 instance in the cluster.
B. Provision a new Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system that uses General Purpose performance mode. Mount the EFS file system on each EC2 instance in the cluster.
C. Provision a new Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume that uses the io2 volume type. Attach the EBS volume to all of the EC2 instances in the cluster.
D. Provision a new Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system that uses Max I/O performance mode. Mount the EFS file system on each EC2 instance in the cluster. | Provision a new Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system that uses Max I/O performance mode. Mount the EFS file system on each EC2 instance in the cluster. |
| A company hosts a software as a service (SaaS) solution on AWS. The solution has an Amazon API Gateway API that serves an HTTPS endpoint. The API uses AWS Lambda functions for compute. The Lambda functions store data in an Amazon Aurora Serverless v1 database.
The company used the AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) to deploy the solution. The solution extends across multiple Availability Zones and has no disaster recovery (DR) plan.
A solutions architect must design a DR strategy that can recover the solution in another AWS Region. The solution has an RTO of 5 minutes and an RPO of 1 minute.
What should the solutions architect do to meet these requirements?
A. Create a read replica of the Aurora Serverless v1 database in the target Region. Use AWS SAM to create a runbook to deploy the solution to the target Region. Promote the read replica to primary in case of disaster.
B. Change the Aurora Serverless v1 database to a standard Aurora MySQL global database that extends across the source Region and the target Region. Use AWS SAM to create a runbook to deploy the solution to the target Region.
C. Create an Aurora Serverless v1 DB cluster that has multiple writer instances in the target Region. Launch the solution in the target Region. Configure the two Regional solutions to work in an active-passive configuration.
D. Change the Aurora Serverless v1 database to a standard Aurora MySQL global database that extends across the source Region and the target Region. Launch the solution in the target Region. Configure the two Regional solutions to work in an active-passive configuration. | Change the Aurora Serverless v1 database to a standard Aurora MySQL global database that extends across the source Region and the target Region. Launch the solution in the target Region. Configure the two Regional solutions to work in an active-passive configuration. Most Voted |
| A company owns a chain of travel agencies and is running an application in the AWS Cloud. Company employees use the application to search for information about travel destinations. Destination content is updated four times each year.
Two fixed Amazon EC2 instances serve the application. The company uses an Amazon Route 53 public hosted zone with a multivalue record of travel.example.com that returns the Elastic IP addresses for the EC2 instances. The application uses Amazon DynamoDB as its primary data store. The company uses a self-hosted Redis instance as a caching solution.
During content updates, the load on the EC2 instances and the caching solution increases drastically. This increased load has led to downtime on several occasions. A solutions architect must update the application so that the application is highly available and can handle the load that is generated by the content updates.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Set up DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) as in-memory cache. Update the application to use DAX. Create an Auto Scaling group for the EC2 instances. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Set the Auto Scaling group as a target for the ALB. Update the Route 53 record to use a simple routing policy that targets the ALB's DNS alias. Configure scheduled scaling for the EC2 instances before the content updates.
B. Set up Amazon ElastiCache for Redis. Update the application to use ElastiCache. Create an Auto Scaling group for the EC2 instances. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution, and set the Auto Scaling group as an origin for the distribution. Update the Route 53 record to use a simple routing policy that targets the CloudFront distribution’s DNS alias. Manually scale up EC2 instances before the content updates.
C. Set up Amazon ElastiCache for Memcached. Update the application to use ElastiCache. Create an Auto Scaling group for the EC2 instances. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Set the Auto Scaling group as a target for the ALB. Update the Route 53 record to use a simple routing policy that targets the ALB's DNS alias. Configure scheduled scaling for the application before the content updates.
D. Set up DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) as in-memory cache. Update the application to use DAX. Create an Auto Scaling group for the EC2 instances. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution, and set the Auto Scaling group as an origin for the distribution. Update the Route 53 record to use a simple routing policy that targets the CloudFront distribution's DNS alias. Manually scale up EC2 instances before the content updates. | Set up DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) as in-memory cache. Update the application to use DAX. Create an Auto Scaling group for the EC2 instances. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Set the Auto Scaling group as a target for the ALB. Update the Route 53 record to use a simple routing policy that targets the ALB's DNS alias. Configure scheduled scaling for the EC2 instances before the content updates. |
| A company needs to store and process image data that will be uploaded from mobile devices using a custom mobile app. Usage peaks between 8 AM and 5 PM on weekdays, with thousands of uploads per minute. The app is rarely used at any other time. A user is notified when image processing is complete.
Which combination of actions should a solutions architect take to ensure image processing can scale to handle the load? (Choose three.)
A. Upload files from the mobile software directly to Amazon S3. Use S3 event notifications to create a message in an Amazon MQ queue.
B. Upload files from the mobile software directly to Amazon S3. Use S3 event notifications to create a message in an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) standard queue.
C. Invoke an AWS Lambda function to perform image processing when a message is available in the queue.
D. Invoke an S3 Batch Operations job to perform image processing when a message is available in the queue.
E. Send a push notification to the mobile app by using Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) when processing is complete.
F. Send a push notification to the mobile app by using Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) when processing is complete. | Upload files from the mobile software directly to Amazon S3. Use S3 event notifications to create a message in an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) standard queue.
Invoke an AWS Lambda function to perform image processing when a message is available in the queue.
Send a push notification to the mobile app by using Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) when processing is complete |
| A company is building an application on AWS. The application sends logs to an Amazon OpenSearch Service cluster for analysis. All data must be stored within a VPC.
Some of the company’s developers work from home. Other developers work from three different company office locations. The developers need to access OpenSearch Service to analyze and visualize logs directly from their local development machines.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Configure and set up an AWS Client VPN endpoint. Associate the Client VPN endpoint with a subnet in the VPC. Configure a Client VPN self-service portal. Instruct the developers to connect by using the client for Client VPN.
B. Create a transit gateway, and connect it to the VPC. Create an AWS Site-to-Site VPN. Create an attachment to the transit gateway. Instruct the developers to connect by using an OpenVPN client.
C. Create a transit gateway, and connect it to the VPOrder an AWS Direct Connect connection. Set up a public VIF on the Direct Connect connection. Associate the public VIF with the transit gateway. Instruct the developers to connect to the Direct Connect connection.
D. Create and configure a bastion host in a public subnet of the VPC. Configure the bastion host security group to allow SSH access from the company CIDR ranges. Instruct the developers to connect by using SSH. | Configure and set up an AWS Client VPN endpoint. Associate the Client VPN endpoint with a subnet in the VPC. Configure a Client VPN self-service portal. Instruct the developers to connect by using the client for Client VPN |
| A company wants to migrate its website from an on-premises data center onto AWS. At the same time, it wants to migrate the website to a containerized microservice-based architecture to improve the availability and cost efficiency. The company’s security policy states that privileges and network permissions must be configured according to best practice, using least privilege.
A solutions architect must create a containerized architecture that meets the security requirements and has deployed the application to an Amazon ECS cluster.
What steps are required after the deployment to meet the requirements? (Choose two.)
A. Create tasks using the bridge network mode.
B. Create tasks using the awsvpc network mode.
C. Apply security groups to Amazon EC2 instances, and use IAM roles for EC2 instances to access other resources.
D. Apply security groups to the tasks, and pass IAM credentials into the container at launch time to access other resources.
E. Apply security groups to the tasks, and use IAM roles for tasks to access other resources. | Create tasks using the awsvpc network mode.
Apply security groups to the tasks, and use IAM roles for tasks to access other resources. |
| A company is running a serverless application that consists of several AWS Lambda functions and Amazon DynamoDB tables. The company has created new functionality that requires the Lambda functions to access an Amazon Neptune DB cluster. The Neptune DB cluster is located in three subnets in a VPC.
Which of the possible solutions will allow the Lambda functions to access the Neptune DB cluster and DynamoDB tables? (Choose two.)
A. Create three public subnets in the Neptune VPC, and route traffic through an internet gateway. Host the Lambda functions in the three new public subnets.
B. Create three private subnets in the Neptune VPC, and route internet traffic through a NAT gateway. Host the Lambda functions in the three new private subnets.
C. Host the Lambda functions outside the VPUpdate the Neptune security group to allow access from the IP ranges of the Lambda functions.
D. Host the Lambda functions outside the VPC. Create a VPC endpoint for the Neptune database, and have the Lambda functions access Neptune over the VPC endpoint.
E. Create three private subnets in the Neptune VPC. Host the Lambda functions in the three new isolated subnets. Create a VPC endpoint for DynamoDB, and route DynamoDB traffic to the VPC endpoint. | Create three private subnets in the Neptune VPC, and route internet traffic through a NAT gateway. Host the Lambda functions in the three new private subnets.
Create three private subnets in the Neptune VPC. Host the Lambda functions in the three new isolated subnets. Create a VPC endpoint for DynamoDB, and route DynamoDB traffic to the VPC endpoint. |
| A company wants to design a disaster recovery (DR) solution for an application that runs in the company’s data center. The application writes to an SMB file share and creates a copy on a second file share. Both file shares are in the data center. The application uses two types of files: metadata files and image files.
The company wants to store the copy on AWS. The company needs the ability to use SMB to access the data from either the data center or AWS if a disaster occurs. The copy of the data is rarely accessed but must be available within 5 minutes.
A. Deploy AWS Outposts with Amazon S3 storage. Configure a Windows Amazon EC2 instance on Outposts as a file server.
B. Deploy an Amazon FSx File Gateway. Configure an Amazon FSx for Windows File Server Multi-AZ file system that uses SSD storage.
C. Deploy an Amazon S3 File Gateway. Configure the S3 File Gateway to use Amazon S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) for the metadata files and to use S3 Glacier Deep Archive for the image files.
D. Deploy an Amazon S3 File Gateway. Configure the S3 File Gateway to use Amazon S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) for the metadata files and image files. | Deploy an Amazon S3 File Gateway. Configure the S3 File Gateway to use Amazon S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) for the metadata files and image files. |
| A company is creating a solution that can move 400 employees into a remote working environment in the event of an unexpected disaster. The user desktops have a mix of Windows and Linux operating systems. Multiple types of software, such as web browsers and mail clients, are installed on each desktop.
A solutions architect needs to implement a solution that can be integrated with the company’s on-premises Active Directory to allow employees to use their existing identity credentials. The solution must provide multifactor authentication (MFA) and must replicate the user experience from the existing desktops.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use Amazon WorkSpaces for the cloud desktop service. Set up a VPN connection to the on-premises network. Create an AD Connector, and connect to the on-premises Active Directory. Activate MFA for Amazon WorkSpaces by using the AWS Management Console.
B. Use Amazon AppStream 2.0 as an application streaming service. Configure Desktop View for the employees. Set up a VPN connection to the on-premises network. Set up Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) on premises. Connect the VPC network to AD FS through the VPN connection.
C. Use Amazon WorkSpaces for the cloud desktop service. Set up a VPN connection to the on-premises network. Create an AD Connector, and connect to the on-premises Active Directory. Configure a RADIUS server for MFA.
D. Use Amazon AppStream 2.0 as an application streaming service. Set up Active Directory Federation Services on premises. Configure MFA to grant users access on AppStream 2.0. | Use Amazon WorkSpaces for the cloud desktop service. Set up a VPN connection to the on-premises network. Create an AD Connector, and connect to the on-premises Active Directory. Configure a RADIUS server for MFA |
