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level: Human Reflex

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Human Reflex

Question	Answer
An involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus	Reflex
A reflex occurs via neural pathways in the nervous system called _____.	reflex arcs
2 types of reflex arc	Autonomic reflex arc and Somatic reflex arc
Type of reflex arc that affecting cardiac + smooth muscles and glands	Autonomic reflex arc
Type of reflex arc that affecting skeletal muscles	Somatic reflex arc
Detects a stimulus	Receptor
Sends an electrical signal to the CNS	Sensory (afferent) neuron
Consists of one or more synapses in the CNS, and processes the information	Integration center
Sends an electrical signal from the CNS to the effector	Motor (efferent) neuron
May be muscle tissue or a gland, responds appropriately	Effector
Simplest reflex arcs	Single synapse
True/False: Slower response = delay increases with number of synapses involved	True
True/False: Shorter path = longer delay	False. Longer path = longer delay
True/False: Reflexes are usually elicited by stroking the skin or mucous membranes	True
Pathologic Reflexes: Stimulus: Stroking of lateral aspect of the sole of the foot Response: Big toe extension and fanning of the 4 lesser toes Significance: UMNL (Pyramidal Tract Lesion)	Babinski Reflex
Pathologic Reflexes: Stimulus: Stroking of lateral side of the foot beneath the lateral malleolus Response: Babinski like response Significance: UMNL (Pyramidal Tract Lesion)	Chaddocks Reflex
Pathologic Reflexes: Stimulus: Stroking of anteromedial tibial surface Response: Babinski like response Significance: UMNL (Pyramidal Tract Lesion)	Oppenheim Reflex
Pathological Reflexes: Stimulus: Squeezing of calf muscles firmly Response: Babinski like response Significance: UMNL (Pyramidal Tract Lesion)	Gordon's Reflex
Sometimes called the stretch reflex or myotatic reflex because of the stretch action and the muscle response involved.	Deep tendon reflex
Involve a glandular or non-skeletal muscular response carried out in internal organs such as the heart, blood vessels, or structures of the GI tract	Visceral reflex
Reflex arc: Contain only two neurons (a sensory and a motor neuron)	Monosynaptic
Reflex arc: Multiple interneurons (also called relay neurons) that interface between the sensory and motor neurons in the reflex pathway	Polysynaptic
Type of reflex based on the procedure: Placing the tip of index finger on a relaxed jaw. Expected response: Mandible being flexed.	Jaw Jerk (CNS)
Type of reflex based on the procedure: Forearm being supported, midway between flexion and extension. Placing the thumb firmly over the bicep's tendon with fingers curling around the elbow, tap briskly. Expected response: The forearm will flex at the elbow.	Biceps reflex
Type of reflex based on the procedure: Placing the thumb on the hand supporting the patient's elbow on the bicep's tendon while tapping the brachioradialis tendon with the other hand. Expected responses: (1) Brachioradialis reflex; (2) Biceps reflex; (3) Finger jerk.	Brachioradialis reflex
Type of reflex based on the procedure: Positioning the hand in a supinated position with fingers slightly flexed. Expected response: Middle fingers across the tips of the patient's fingers flexor muscles.	Finger jerk
Type of reflex based on the procedure: Identify the triceps tendon at its insertion on the olecranon, and then tap just above the insertion. Expected response: There is extension of the forearm.	Triceps reflex
Type of reflex based on the procedure: Lower legs dangle freely to flex the knee and stretch the tendons. Placing the handle on the thigh to palpate the contraction of the quadriceps when reflex response is elicited. Strike the tendon directly just below the patella. Expected response: extension of the lower leg	Patellar reflex (knee jerk)
Type of reflex based on the procedure: Patient is sitting. Placing one hand underneath the sole and dorsiflex the foot slightly. Tapping on the Achilles tendon just above its insertion on the calcaneus.	Ankle jerk (Achilles reflex)
Type of reflex based on the procedure: Using the reflex hammer, drawing a light stroke up to the lateral side of the sole and across the ball of the foot, like an upside-down J. Expected response: Plantar flexion of the toes and sometimes of the entire foot.	Plantar reflex