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level: Level 4

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 4

Question	Answer
1920s and 1930s oil-in-water emulsions; requires stable emulsifying agents and the selection of an acid-stable perfume oil	Creams
advantage of eliminating direct contact with hands for application; underarms was coarse and wet could be considered today for a hydro-alcoholic manual pump formulation	Squeeze sprays (packs)
typically based on sodium stearate as the gelling agent for either propylene glycol or alcohol. also contain an anti-microbial agent, humectant and perfume.	Sticks and solids
(STICKS & SOLIDS) 1 The first stick antiperspirant deodorants were based on __ building blocks. 2 In the 1960s, more effective stick antiperspirants were developed based on __	1 sodium stearate/alcohol 2 aluminium chlorohydrate propylene glycol complex
late 1970s anhydrous and are largely COMPOSED OF VOLATILE SILICONES that function as carriers of the active ingredient to the skin. LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT CYCLOMETHICONES. LOW VAPOUR PRESSURE AT BODY TEMPERATURE. evaporating from the skin rapidly, without imparting a perceptible cooling sensation, leave a light non-oily skin feel.	Antiperspirant Sticks Antiperspirant Solids or Dry Deodorants
(STICKS & SOLIDS) 1 Almost all ANTIPERSPIRANT SOLIDS employ __ as the gelling agent 2 men's sticks are formulated to be __ because a harder stick is preferred.	. 1 stearyl alcohol 2 less emollient
(STICKS & SOLIDS) 1 an effective Suspending Agent; helps to keep the active ingredient suspended throughout the stick 2 opacifying agent 3 (soothing agent)	. 1 Silica 2 titanium dioxide 3 allantoin
One of the most versatile and globally popular carrier forms of antiperspirant	Roll-ons
roll-ons VEHICLES	1 Water, 2 alcohol, 3 hydro-alcoholic systems, 4 esters 5 silicones
ROLL ONS TYPES 1 oil-in-water emulsion; presents the active ingredient in a readily accessible solution form in the external phase; 2 SHORTER DRYING TIME; only actives with adequate alcohol solubility work in this system; 3 ANHYDROUS; physical suspension; antiperspirant salt in volatile silicone. dry application, non-tacky feel, and effectiveness; suspension	. 1 Water-based roll-ons 2 Alcohol-based and hydro-alcoholic roll-ons 3 Suspension roll-ons
ROLL ONS TYPES 1 relatively new on the market; demonstrate superior aesthetics; leave no residue or deposit on the skin;	. 1 Clear water-in-oil roll-ons