| A demographic condition characterized by a higher percentage of the population being over the age of 65. | Ageing Population |
| How would you define the term "Ageing Population" in demographic terms? | An ageing population is characterized by a higher percentage of the population being over the age of 65. |
| In 2016, 18% of the UK's population was over the age of 65. | UK's Ageing Population (2016) |
| What percentage of the UK's population was over the age of 65 in the year 2016? | In 2016, 18% of the UK's population was over the age of 65. |
| A contributing factor to the ageing population is the upward trend in life expectancies. | Increasing Life Expectancies |
| What contributes to the ageing population in the UK, besides decreasing birth rates? | Increasing life expectancies contribute to the ageing population in the UK. |
| The proportion of older people is not constant throughout the UK; it varies across regions. | Regional Variation in Ageing Population |
| Is the proportion of older people consistent across all regions of the UK? | No, the proportion of older people is not constant throughout the UK; it varies across regions. |
| One of the causes of the ageing population is decreasing birth rates. | Cause 1 - Decreasing Birth Rates |
| What is one of the primary causes of the ageing population in the UK? | Decreasing birth rates is one of the primary causes of the ageing population in the UK. |
| From 1964 to 2018, the average number of children per UK family decreased from 2.9 to 1.7. | Average Number of Children (1964-2018) |
| How has the average number of children per UK family changed from 1964 to 2018? | From 1964 to 2018, the average number of children per UK family decreased from 2.9 to 1.7. |
| An increasing trend where more people are opting not to have children at all. | Choosing Not to Have Children |
| Besides having fewer children, what is another trend contributing to decreasing birth rates? | More people are choosing not to have children at all, contributing to decreasing birth rates. |
| A contributing factor to the ageing population is the improvement in life expectancy, allowing people to live longer. | Cause 2 - Increased Life Expectancy |
| Besides decreasing birth rates, what other factor contributes to the ageing population in the UK? | Improved life expectancy is another factor contributing to the ageing population in the UK. |
| Advances in medical care have played a role in improving life expectancy. | Better Medical Care |
| What has contributed to the increase in life expectancy, besides lifestyle choices? | Advances in medical care have played a role in improving life expectancy. |
| Increased awareness of the importance of living healthily has positively impacted life expectancy. | Importance of Healthy Living |
| What lifestyle factor has contributed to people living longer in the UK? | Increased awareness of the importance of living healthily has positively impacted life expectancy. |
| From 1964 to 2018, life expectancy in the UK increased from 72 to 81. | Life Expectancy Growth (1964-2018) |
| How much did life expectancy in the UK increase from 1964 to 2018? | From 1964 to 2018, life expectancy in the UK increased from 72 to 81. |
| The arrangement or spread of a phenomenon over an area. | Spatial Distribution |
| What does the term "Spatial Distribution" refer to in a demographic context? | Spatial distribution refers to the arrangement or spread of a phenomenon over an area. |
| Cities generally attract young migrants, young graduates, or individuals attending university. | City Attraction for the Young |
| What demographic groups are typically attracted to cities? | Cities generally attract young migrants, young graduates, or individuals attending university. |
| Rural and coastal areas usually have older populations. | Older Populations in Rural and Coastal Areas |
| In terms of age demographics, what characterizes populations in rural and coastal areas? | Rural and coastal areas usually have older populations. |
| Surrey, Hampshire, and Devon are examples of areas with large retirement communities. | Large Retirement Communities |
| Name some regions in the UK known for having large retirement communities. | Surrey, Hampshire, and Devon are examples of areas with large retirement communities. |
| The impact on the economy resulting from the UK's ageing population. | Economic Effects |
| What does the term "Economic Effects" refer to in the context of the UK's ageing population? | Economic effects relate to the impact on the economy resulting from the UK's ageing population. |
| Younger people may experience increased taxes to fund the NHS, pension payments, and public transport. | Taxation Impact on Younger People |
| How does the ageing population affect taxation for younger people in the UK? | Younger people may face higher taxes to fund the NHS, pension payments, and public transport due to the ageing population. |
| Those who work and consume more goods and services usually pay higher taxes than older individuals. | Tax Contribution Discrepancy |
| What contributes to the tax contribution discrepancy between younger and older populations? | Individuals who work and consume more goods and services typically pay higher taxes than older individuals. |
| Contributions by older individuals to communities and families, such as childcare, are not usually measured in traditional economic statistics. | Unmeasured Contributions |
| What types of contributions by older individuals might not be accounted for in traditional economic statistics? | Contributions like childcare, where grandparents look after their grandchildren, are not usually measured in traditional economic statistics. |
| Elderly people with large pensions may choose to spend them, contributing to increased spending in the economy. | Spending Impact of Large Pensions |
| How can elderly individuals with substantial pensions impact the economy? | If elderly individuals have large pensions, spending them can contribute to increased spending in the economy. |
| The impact on society resulting from the ageing population in the UK. | Social Effects |
| What does the term "Social Effects" refer to in the context of the UK's ageing population? | Social effects relate to the impact on society resulting from the ageing population in the UK. |
| Older people generally rely more on the National Health Service (NHS). | NHS Reliance by Older People |
| What is a common trend regarding the reliance on the National Health Service among older individuals? | Older people generally rely more on the National Health Service (NHS). |
| The government pays a pension to older people. | Government Pension Payments |
| How are older people supported financially by the government? | The government pays a pension to older people. |
| Older people receive discounts on public transport. | Public Transport Discounts for Older People |
| What benefit do older people often receive when using public transport? | Older people often receive discounts on public transport. |
| Generally, the more older people there are in a country, the more younger people have to spend (in the form of taxes) supporting older people. | Tax Burden on Younger People |
| How does the demographic distribution of older people impact the financial burden on younger individuals? | The more older people there are in a country, the more younger people have to spend (in the form of taxes) supporting older people. |
| People may be less likely to have children if they have older dependent relatives who need their support. | Impact on Family Planning |
| How can the presence of older dependent relatives affect family planning? | People may be less likely to have children if they have older dependent relatives who need their support. |
| Lots of older people volunteer and contribute to local communities. | Volunteerism and Community Contribution |
| What positive aspect of community engagement is commonly associated with older individuals? | Lots of older people volunteer and contribute to local communities. |
| Strategies and measures implemented by the UK to adapt to the challenges posed by the ageing population. | Responses to Ageing Population |
| What does the term "Responses to Ageing Population" encompass in the context of the UK? | Responses to the ageing population refer to strategies and measures implemented by the UK to adapt to the challenges posed by an aging demographic. |
| Mortgages that allow individuals to earn money to support themselves or provide for their children without having to sell their house until they pass away. | Equity Release Mortgages |
| What is the purpose of equity release mortgages in the context of the ageing population? | Equity release mortgages allow individuals to earn money for living or to pass on to their children without the necessity of selling their house until their death. |
| Equity release mortgages provide a financial support mechanism for pensioners. | Financial Support for Pensioners |
| How do equity release mortgages contribute to financial support for pensioners? | Equity release mortgages provide financial support for pensioners by offering a means to access funds without selling their homes. |
| Equity release mortgages enable pensioners to retain ownership of their homes until their death. | House Ownership Until Death |
| What feature of equity release mortgages allows pensioners to maintain ownership of their houses? | Equity release mortgages enable pensioners to retain ownership of their homes until their death. |
| The Winter Fuel Payment is a financial benefit ranging from £100 to £300, aimed at assisting older individuals in covering heating costs during the winter. | Winter Fuel Allowance |
| What is the Winter Fuel Allowance designed to provide assistance for? | The Winter Fuel Payment is a financial benefit aimed at assisting older individuals in covering heating costs during the winter. |
| The Winter Fuel Allowance serves as financial assistance specifically for heating expenses during the winter. | Financial Assistance for Heating |
| What specific purpose does the Winter Fuel Allowance serve in terms of financial assistance? | The Winter Fuel Allowance serves as financial assistance specifically for heating expenses during the winter. |
| A strategy involving raising financial support, particularly from the government, to address the heightened medical care requirements of an ageing population. | Increased Funding for Medical Care |
| What is meant by the term "Increased Funding for Medical Care" in the context of the UK's ageing population? | Increased Funding for Medical Care refers to the strategy of raising financial support, particularly from the government, to address the heightened medical care requirements of an ageing population. |
| The increased funding aims to provide additional support and medical care for older individuals. | Support for Older People |
| Who is the primary target for the support and medical care provided through increased funding? | The increased funding aims to provide additional support and medical care for older individuals. |
| The strategy involves allocating more government spending to enhance facilities and services in care homes. | Government Spending on Care Homes |
| In what specific area does the increased funding strategy focus on to cater to the needs of the ageing population? | The strategy involves allocating more government spending to enhance facilities and services in care homes. |
| The increased funding strategy includes higher investment in healthcare services to meet the demands of an ageing population. | Healthcare Investment |
| What aspect of the healthcare system does the strategy of increased funding aim to strengthen? | The increased funding strategy includes higher investment in healthcare services to meet the demands of an ageing population. |
| A strategy implemented by the government to motivate individuals to save money, particularly for their retirement. | Encouraging Money Saving |
| What is the goal of the strategy "Encouraging Money Saving" in the context of government initiatives? | The goal is to motivate individuals to save money, particularly for their retirement. |
| A policy where pensions are set as an opt-out choice, meaning individuals are automatically enrolled unless they choose to opt-out. | Pensions Opt-Out |
| What is the significance of the "Pensions Opt-Out" policy in the context of encouraging money saving? | Pensions Opt-Out is a policy where pensions are set as an opt-out choice, encouraging individuals to automatically enroll unless they choose to opt-out. |
| Pensions are set as opt-in by default, encouraging individuals to actively choose to enroll. | Default Opt-In |
| What is the contrast between the "Pensions Opt-Out" and the previous default system? | Pensions Opt-Out is a shift from the default opt-in system, where individuals are encouraged to actively choose to enroll. |
| The strategy aims to boost savings for retirement by making pensions enrollment the default choice. | Retirement Savings |
| What financial goal does the strategy of encouraging money saving primarily focus on? | The strategy aims to boost savings for retirement by making pensions enrollment the default choice. |
| A policy measure involving the upward adjustment of the age at which individuals become eligible for state pensions. | Increased Pension Age |
| What does the term "Increased Pension Age" refer to in the context of government policies? | Increased Pension Age refers to the policy measure of raising the age at which individuals become eligible for state pensions. |
| In 2011, the state pension age increased from 60 to 65. | State Pension Age Adjustment (2011) |
| What specific adjustment to the state pension age occurred in 2011? | In 2011, the state pension age increased from 60 to 65. |
| he state pension age was 65 in 2019 and rose to 66 in 2020. | State Pension Age Progression (2019-2020) |
| How did the state pension age progress from 2019 to 2020? | The state pension age was 65 in 2019 and rose to 66 in 2020. |
| Increasing the state pension age implies that individuals will have to work for a longer period before becoming eligible for pensions. | Extended Working Years |
| What is the consequence of raising the state pension age in terms of individuals' working years? | Increasing the state pension age implies that individuals will have to work for a longer period before becoming eligible for pensions. |
| If elderly people possess high pensions, spending them can provide a boost to the economy, contributing to economic stimulus. | Economic Stimulus |
| How can the possession of large pensions by elderly individuals impact the economy? | If elderly people have large pensions, spending them can provide a boost to the economy, contributing to economic stimulus. |
