| A type of alcohol, with the chemical formula C2H5OH, commonly used in alcoholic beverages. | Ethanol |
| How is ethanol produced, and what is the process called? | Ethanol is produced by the fermentation of carbohydrates in an aqueous solution. This process is known as fermentation. |
| A biological process where microorganisms, such as yeast, convert sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide. | Fermentation |
| What type of microorganisms are commonly used in the fermentation process to produce ethanol? | Yeast enzymes are commonly used in the fermentation process to convert sugars into ethanol. |
| Organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, including sugars and starches. | Carbohydrates |
| What is the source of carbohydrates used in ethanol fermentation, and how are they prepared for the process? | Carbohydrates, typically sugars, are used as the source in ethanol fermentation. They are often dissolved in warm water to form an aqueous solution. |
| A solution in which water is the solvent. | Aqueous Solution |
| Why is it important for the sugar to be dissolved in warm water during ethanol fermentation? | Dissolving sugar in warm water creates an aqueous solution, which is essential for the fermentation process. |
| Conditions without oxygen. | Anaerobic Conditions |
| Why is anaerobic conditions necessary for fermentation? | Fermentation requires anaerobic conditions (no oxygen) to proceed efficiently. |
| A gas produced during fermentation, among other processes. | Carbon Dioxide |
| Besides ethanol, what other product is typically produced during fermentation? | Carbon dioxide is also produced as a byproduct during fermentation. |
| A separation technique used to separate components in a liquid mixture based on differences in their boiling points. | Fractional Distillation |
| How is concentrated ethanol produced from the fermentation mixture, and what technique is employed? | Concentrated ethanol is produced by using fractional distillation. |
| A mixture of water and ethanol obtained from the fermentation of carbohydrates. | Fermentation Mixture |
| How can the low ethanol concentration in the fermentation mixture be improved? | Fractional distillation is used to obtain a more concentrated solution of ethanol. |
| The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas. | Boiling Point |
| At what temperature is the fermentation mixture heated during fractional distillation, and why is this temperature significant? | The fermentation mixture is heated to 78°C, which is the boiling point of ethanol. This temperature allows the ethanol to evaporate. |
| A device used to cool and condense a gas back into a liquid. | Condenser |
| What role does the condenser play in the fractional distillation process of ethanol? | The condenser cools and condenses the evaporated ethanol back into liquid form. |
| The process of gathering and accumulating a substance. | Collection |
| How is the concentrated ethanol collected during fractional distillation? | The concentrated ethanol is collected after it condenses back into liquid form in the condenser. |
| A laboratory glassware with a round bottom used for holding liquids. | Round Bottomed Flask |
| What happens to the water in the round bottomed flask during the fractional distillation of ethanol? | The water remains in the round bottomed flask, as it has a different boiling point than ethanol and does not evaporate at the same temperature. |
