| What is specialised cells? | Cells that have developed certain characteristics to perform a particular function. |
| How many cell types can a cell differentiate into? | 300 cell type |
| Animal cells can become specialised. What types of cells can they differentiate into? | Nerve cell |
| What are sperm cells? | They travel towards and fertilise the egg |
| What organelle can be found in the animal cell? | Nucleus, cell membrane, ribosome, mitochondria, and cytoplasm |
| What is the function of mitochondria in a sperm cell? | To transfer energy to the tail |
| What is the job of the acrosome in the sperm cell? | Contains enzymes to breaks through the egg's outer layer |
| How many chromosomes are contained in the sperm? | Half the full chromosome number |
| What are nerve cells for? | Conduct electrical impulses |
| What are dendrites for in the nerve cell? | Connect with other cells |
| What are axons features? | Conduct electrical impulses in one direction |
| What are myelin sheath for? | Insulate the impulse |
| What are the job of synapses? | sends neurotransmitter chemical to another nerve cell or effector |
| What are muscle cells? | Special proteins that slide past each other making muscle fibres contract |
| Give example of muscles cells that work involuntary. | Cardiac and smooth muscle cells |
| Give example of muscles cells that work voluntary. | Skeletal (striated/ striped) |
| Why would muscle cell require lots of mitochrondria? | To transfer energy for these contractions |
| Why would there be glycogens in muscle cells? | To store energy in the form of glucose |
| What type of specialised cell does not have a nucleus? | Red blood cell |
| What organelle can be found in the plant cell? | Nucleus, cell membrane, ribosome, mitochondria, cytoplasm, cell wall, vacuole and chloroplast |
| How does a plant cell do its job for photosynthesis? | It does photosynthesis by trapping sunlight to make food |
| Where is a plant cell found on a plant? | Leaf |
| Where is a plant cell based on? | A palisade cell |
| What are root hair cells job? | Absorb water and mineral ion from the soil |
| Where is root hair cell found? | soil |
| Why do root hair cells have no chloroplasts? | The root hair cells are underground and sunlight will not reach them |
| Why do root hair cells have long hair-like extension? | To increase surface area for absorption |
| How does water move into the root hair cell? | By osmosis |
| Why would root hair cells have many mitochondria? | To fuel the active transport of mineral into the cell |
| Why is a large vacuole in the root hair cell needed? | for water to move into by osmosis |
| What is a xylem cell needed for? | Transport water and mineral ions from from the roots to the leaves |
| How is a xylem cell strengthened? | From lignin |
| What is xylem made from? | made from cells that have died and the cell wall is broken between them forming hollow tubes |
| What is a phloem needed for? | Transport the products of photosynthesis (glucose) from the leaves to the rest of the plant |
| What is a phloem made from? | Made from living cells where the cell wall has been broken down between cells to form sieve plates that allow sugar to flow freely by translocation |
| Where are companion cells found on a plant? | On the side of a phloem cell that have many mitochondria to transfer energy to phloem cell |
| What is a transpiration stream | a stream where water and dissolved mineral ion get transported from the xylem to the leaf |
| What are stomata? | Tiny holes that control gas exchange in leaves |
| What is the order of cellular organisation in multicellular organisms? | Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism |
| What is the order of cellular organisation starting from the root hair to a plant? | Root hair, Root tissue, Root, Transport system, plant |
| What is the order of cellular organisation with nerve cells? | Nerve cells, nerve tissue, heart, circulatory system, human |
| What is the order of cellular organisation starting from muscles to human? | Muscle, muscle tissue, intestine, digestive system, human |
| What is a cell? | The building block of life |
| What is a tissue? | A group of cells with similar structure and function |
| What is an organ? | Tissue performing similar functions |
| What is an organ system? | A group of organs working together to form an organ system |
| What is translocation? | The movement of dissolved sugar and water through the phloem and leaf |
