| Burning fuels can release gases like sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, which contribute to pollution. | Polluting Gases from Burning Fuels |
| What are some of the gases released when fuels are burned? | Polluting gases like sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen are released when fuels are burned. |
| Some fuels contain impurities, such as sulfur. | Fuels with Impurities |
| What is a factor contributing to the release of polluting gases during fuel combustion? | Fuels with impurities, like sulfur, contribute to the release of polluting gases during combustion. |
| Sulfur in fuel reacts with oxygen in the air during combustion, forming sulfur dioxide gas. | Sulfur Reaction in Fuel |
| How does sulfur in fuel contribute to air pollution during burning? | Sulfur in fuel reacts with oxygen in the air, producing sulfur dioxide gas. |
| Oxygen and nitrogen in the air react in the high temperatures of vehicle engines, producing nitrogen oxides. | Formation of Nitrogen Oxides |
| What reaction occurs in vehicle engines that results in the formation of nitrogen oxides? | Oxygen and nitrogen in the air react in the high temperatures of vehicle engines, producing nitrogen oxides. |
| Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, when dissolved in rainwater, lead to the formation of acid rain. | Acid Rain Formation |
| What gases contribute to the formation of acid rain when dissolved in rainwater? | Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides contribute to the formation of acid rain when dissolved in rainwater. |
| Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can cause respiratory problems in humans. | Respiratory Problems from Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides |
| What health issues can result from exposure to sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides? | Respiratory problems in humans can result from exposure to sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. |
| Acid rain can cause damage to plants, trees, and buildings. | Damage to Plants, Trees, and Buildings |
| What are some of the negative impacts of acid rain on the environment? | Acid rain can damage plants, trees, and buildings. |
| Acid rain can make lakes and rivers too acidic for aquatic life to survive. | Acidification of Lakes and Rivers |
| How does acid rain impact aquatic ecosystems? | Acid rain can make lakes and rivers too acidic for aquatic life to survive in them. |
| Fuels that are being used up faster than they can be replaced, and will eventually run out. | Non-Renewable Fuels |
| What is the characteristic of non-renewable fuels? | Non-renewable fuels are being used up faster than they can be replaced, leading to their eventual depletion. |
| Scientists estimate that crude oil reserves, a non-renewable fuel, will run out within the next 50 years. | Estimated Crude Oil Reserves |
| What is the estimated timeframe for the depletion of crude oil reserves? | Many scientists estimate that crude oil reserves will run out within the next 50 years. |
| Petrol, kerosene, and diesel, derived from crude oil through fractional distillation, are non-renewable fuels. | Non-Renewable Fuels from Crude Oil |
| Name some non-renewable fuels produced from crude oil. | Petrol, kerosene, and diesel are non-renewable fuels made from crude oil through fractional distillation. |
| Methane, found in natural gas, is another example of a non-renewable fuel. | Non-Renewable Fuel in Natural Gas |
| Provide an example of a non-renewable fuel found in natural gas. | Methane is a non-renewable fuel found in natural gas. |
| Non-renewable fuels like crude oil and natural gas are commonly referred to as fossil fuels. | Common Name for Non-Renewable Fuels |
| What is the collective term for non-renewable fuels like crude oil and natural gas? | Non-renewable fuels such as crude oil and natural gas are commonly known as fossil fuels. |
| Hydrogen is considered an alternative fuel to petrol. | Hydrogen as Alternative Fuel |
| What is hydrogen considered in relation to petrol? | Hydrogen is an alternative fuel to petrol. |
| Hydrogen has advantages over petrol, such as being producible from renewable sources like water. | Advantages of Hydrogen |
| Name an advantage of hydrogen over petrol. | Hydrogen can be produced from renewable sources like water. |
| Hydrogen can be made from renewable sources, ensuring a continuous supply. | Renewable Source for Hydrogen |
| What distinguishes the production of hydrogen from fossil fuels? | Hydrogen can be made from renewable sources like water, ensuring a continuous supply unlike fossil fuels. |
| Hydrogen combustion does not produce carbon dioxide as a waste product, mitigating its impact on global warming. | Carbon Dioxide Emission |
| What is a significant environmental advantage of hydrogen combustion? | Hydrogen combustion does not produce carbon dioxide as a waste product, contributing to the fight against global warming. |
| Hydrogen releases more energy per gram than petrol. | Energy Density |
| How does the energy density of hydrogen compare to petrol? | Hydrogen releases more energy per gram than petrol. |
| Hydrogen has disadvantages compared to petrol, including being harder to transport and store, as well as being more flammable and explosive. | Disadvantages of Hydrogen |
| Name two disadvantages of hydrogen in comparison to petrol. | Hydrogen is harder to transport and store than petrol and is more flammable and explosive. |
| Hydrogen is a gas. | Physical State of Hydrogen |
| In what physical state is hydrogen? | Hydrogen is a gas. |
| Hydrogen is more flammable and explosive than petrol, raising safety concerns, especially in the event of an accident. | Safety Concerns |
| What safety concerns are associated with hydrogen as a fuel? | Hydrogen is more flammable and explosive than petrol, potentially posing greater risks in the event of an accident. |
