| anatomically includes the skin and mucosa of the female genitalia external to the hymen | Vulva |
| gland present on eah side of the vaginal canal and produces a mucus-like fluid that drains via ducts to the lower vestibule | Bartholin cyst |
| canal leading to the cervix | vagina |
| cancer from the lower 2/3 of the vagina is likely to metastasize in what lymph nodes? | inguinal nodes |
| cancer from the upper 1/3 of the vagina is likely to metastasize in what lymph nodes? | regional iliac nodes |
| anatomically comprises the "neck" of the uterus | cervix |
| mucosal lining of the uterine cavity | endometrium |
| smooth muscle wall underlying the mucosal lining of the uterine cavity | myometrium |
| lining of the uterus that is hormonally sensitive | endometrium |
| functional unit of the ovary | follicle |
| follicle is consisted of? | oocyte surrounded by granulosa and theca cells |
| residual follicle that primarily secretes progesterone | corpus luteum |
| epithelial carcinomas tend to spread where? | locally especially to the peritoneum |
| most common site of ectopic pregnancy | ampulla of the fallopian tube |
| lining of the vulva | squamous epithelium |
| mucosal lining of the vagina | non-keratinizing squamous epithelium |
| original lining of the Mullerian ducts | columnar epithelium |
| lining of the exocervix | non-keratinizing squamous epithelium |
| lining of the endocervix | simple columnar epithelium |
| junction between exocervix and endocervix | transformation zone |
| hallmark of HPV-associated condylomas characterized by raisin like nucleus | koilocytes |
| necessary for the diagnosis of chronic endometritis | plasma cells |
| histologic characteristic of hyperplasia pathway in endometrial ca | endometrioid |
| histologic characteristic of sporadic pathway in endometrial ca | serous papillary structures with psammoma body formation |
| ovarian cell that produces androgen | theca cells |
| ovarian cell that converts androgen to estradiol | granulosa |
| glomerulus-like structures classically seen on histology of endodermal sinus tumor | Schiller-Duval bodies |
| histologic finding in sertoli-leydig cell tumor | Reinke crystals |
| villi characteristic of partial mole | some are hydropic, some are not |
| villi characteristic of complete mole | most are hydropic |
| trophoblastic proliferation of partial mole | focal |
| trophoblastic proliferation of complete mole | diffuse circumferential |
| hydatidiform mole appearance on ultrasound | snowstorm appearance |
| classical gross appearance of endometriosis | yellow-brown gun-powder nodules |
| number of nodules in leiomyoma | multiple |
| gross characteristic of leiomyoma | well-defined white whorled masses |
| number of nodules in leiomyosarcoma | single |
| gross characteristic of leiomyosarcoma | single lesion with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage |
| histologic characteristic of cystadenoma | single cyst with a simple flat lining |
| histologic characteristic of cystadenocarcinoma | complex cysts with a thick shaggy lining |
| classic clinical presentation of hydatidiform mole | passage of grape-like masses through the vaginal canal |
| embryonic origin of the lower 2/3 of the vagina | urogenital sinus |
| embryonic origin of the upper 1/3 of the vagina | Mullerian duct |
| most common pathogens causing condyloma | HPV types 6 and 11 |
| most common etiology of HPV-related vulvar carcinoma | HPV types 16 and 18 |
| most common etiology vaginal carcinoma | HPV types 16 and 18 |
| sexually transmiited DNA virus that infects the lower genital tract | Human Papilloma virus |
| most common High risk HPV types | HPV types 16, 18, 31 and 33 |
| most common low risk HPV types | HPV types 6 and 11 |
| most common pathogens causing cervical carcinoma | HPV types 16 and 18 |
| coverage of quadrivalent HPV vaccine | HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 |
| unilateral painful cystic lesion at the lower vestibule adjacent to the vaginal canal | Bartholin cyst |
| warty neoplasm of vulvar skin, often large | Condyloma |
| thinning of the epidermis and fibrosis of the dermis presenting as leukoplakia with parchment like vulvar skin | Lichen sclerosis |
| hyperplasia of the vulvar squamous epithelium which presents as leukoplakia with thick leathery vulvar skin | Lichen simplex chronicus |
| Which of the following is associated with a slighly increased risk for squamous cell ca? Lichen sclerosis or Lichen simplex chronicus? | Lichen sclerosis |
| malignant epithelial cells in the epidermis presenting as erythematous pruritic ulcerated vulvar skin with no underlying carcinoma | Extramammary Paget Disease |
| malignant epithelial cells in the epidermis of the nipple but is almost always associated with an underlying caricinoma | Paget disease of the nipple |
| focal persistence of columnar epithelium in the upper 1/3 of the vagina | adenosis |
| malignant proliferation of glands with clear cytoplasm | Clear cell adenocarcinoma |
| rare malignant mesenchymal proliferation of immature skeletal muscle presenting as bleeding and a grape-like mass protruding from the vagina or penis of a child | Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma or sarcoma botryoides |
| characterized by koilocytic change, disordered cellular maturation, nuclear atypia and increased mitotic activity within the cervical epithelium | cervical intraepithelial neoplasia |
| most common subtype of cervical carcinoma | squamous cell carcinoma |
| second most common subtype of cervical carcinoma | adenocarcinoma |
| bacterial infection of endometrium usually due to retained products of conception presentiing as fever, abnormal uterine bleeding and pelvic pain | acute endometritis |
| inflammation of the endometrium characterized by lymphocytes and plasma cells | chronic endometritis |
| hyperplastic protrusion of the endometrium | endometrial polyp |
| endometrial glands and stroma outside of the uterine endometrial lining | endometriosis |
| endometriosis involving the myometrium | adenomyosis |
| hyperplasia of endometrial glands relative to stroma | endometrial hyperplasia |
| most common invasive carcinoma of the female genital tract | endometrial carcinoma |
| other neoplasms wherein psammoma bodies could be seen | papillary thyroid ca, meningioma, mesothelioma |
| most common tumor in females | leiomyoma |
| benign neoplastic proliferation of smooth muscle arising from the myometrium | leiomyoma |
| malignant proliferation of smooth muscle arising from the myometrium | leiomyosarcoma |
| multiple ovarian follicular cysts due to hormone imbalance | polycystic ovarian disease |
| most common type of ovarian tumor | surface epithelial tumor |
| 15% of endometrioid carcinomas of the ovary are associated with an independent _____________ | endometrial carcinoma |
| has the worst pronosis of female genital tract cancers | surface epithelial carcinoma |
| second most common type of ovarian tumor | Germ cell tumor |
| cystic tumor composed of fetal tissue derived from two or three embryologic layers | cystic teratoma |
| teratoma composed primarily of thyroid tissue | struma ovarii |
| large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei | dysgerminoma |
| most common malignant germ cell tumor | dysgerminoma |
| testicular counter part of dysgerminoma | seminoma |
| malignant tumor that mimics that yolk sac | endodermal sinus tumor |
| most common germ cell tumor in children | endodermal sinus tumor |
| malignant tumor composed of trophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts; mimics placental tissue but villi are absent | choriocarcinoma |
| malignant tumor composed of large primitive cells; aggressive with early metastasis | embryonal carcinoma |
| tumors that resemble sex cord-stromal tissues of the ovary | sex cord-stromal tumors |
| benign fibroblastic tumor | Fibroma |
| surface epithelial tumor composed of bladder-like epithelium and are usually benign | Brenner tumors |
| metastatic mucinous tumor that involves both ovaries | Krukenberg tumor |
| most common source of metastasis to ovary | Diffuse gastric carcinoma |
| massive amounts of mucus in the peritoneum usual due to mucinous tumor of the appendix | Pseudomyxoma peritonei |
| implantation of fertilized ovum in a site other than the uterine wall | ectopic pregnancy |
| implantation of the placenta in the lower uterine segment overlyinig the cervical os | Placenta previa |
| separation of placenta from the decidua prior to delivery of the fetus | Abruptio placenta |
| improper implantation of placenta into the myometrium with little or no intervening decidua | Placenta accreta |
| villi of the placenta invades the myometrium | Placenta increta |
| villi of the placenta penetrate to the myometrium and to or through the serosa | Placenta percreta |
| pregnancy induced hypertension, proteinuria and edema | Preeclampsia |
| pregnancy induced hypertension, proteinuria, edema and seizures | Eclampsia |
| abnormal conception characterized by swollen and edematous villi with proliferation of trophoblasts | Hydratidiform mole |
| normal ovum fertilized by two sperm | partial mole |
| empty ovum fertilized by two sperm | complete mole |
| epithelial involvement by immature dysplastic cells in CIN I | <1/3 of the thickness of the epithelium |
| epithelial involvement by immature dysplastic cells in CIN II | <2/3 of the thickness of the epithelium |
| epithelial involvement by immature dysplastic cells in CIN III | slighly less than the entire thickness of the epithelium |
| epithelial involvement by immature dysplastic cells in CIS | entired thickness of the epithelium |
| phase of the endometrial cycle characterized by growth of the endometrium | proliferatve phase |
| phase of the endometrial cycle characterized by endometrial preparation for implantation | secretory phase |
| phase of the endometrial cycle characterized by shedding of the endometrium | menstrual phase |
| leads to LH surge | Estradiol surge |
| pathogenesis of endometrial hyperplasia | unopposed estrogen |
| leads to ovulation | LH surge |
| marks the beginning of the endometrial cycle | ovulation |
| granulosa-theca cell tumor often presents with what hormonal problem? | estrogen excess |
| key risk factor to ectopic pregnancy | scarring |
| meaning of HELLP | hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets |
| secondary amenorrhea due to loss of basals and scarring as a result of overaggressve dilation and curettage | Asherman syndrome |
| fibroma associated with pleural effusion and ascites | Meigs syndrome |
| fetal consequence of cigarrete smoke | intrauterine growth restriction |
| gold standard for screening of cervical carcinoma | pap smear |
| confirmatory test for cervical carcinoma when the screening test suggest a positive result | colposcopy and biopsy |
| LH:FSH ratio in PCOS | >2 |
| classic presentation of patients with PCOS | obese young woman with infertility, oligomenorrhea and hirtuism |
| number of chromosomes of partial mole | 69 |
| number of chromosomes of complete mole | 46 |
| fetal tissue in partial mole (absent or present) | present |
| fetal tissue in complete mole (absent or present) | absent |
| granulosa-theca cell tumor metastatic risk (HIGH or LOW) | low |
| prognosis of dysgerminoma (good or poor?) | good |
